mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Agents: An Open-source Framework for Autonomous Language Agents

arXiv 2309.07870 ↗First posted 14 Sep 2023cs.CLcited by 116

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances on large language models (LLMs) enable researchers and developers to build autonomous language agents that can automatically solve various tasks and interact with environments, humans, and other agents using natural language interfaces. We consider language agents as a promising direction towards artificial general intelligence and release Agents, an open-source library with the goal of opening up these advances to a wider non-specialist audience. Agents is carefully engineered to support important features including planning, memory, tool usage, multi-agent communication, and fine-grained symbolic control. Agents is user-friendly as it enables non-specialists to build, customize, test, tune, and deploy state-of-the-art autonomous language agents without much coding. The library is also research-friendly as its modularized design makes it easily extensible for researchers. Agents is available at https://github.com/aiwaves-cn/agents.

Key facts. Cited by 116 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 16 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2023.

Builds on

16 of 26 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviors21 Aug
  2. 2023Gentopia: A Collaborative Platform for Tool-Augmented LLMs8 Aug
  3. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework1 Aug

Other references · 13

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  4. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
  5. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
  6. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  7. 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,745
  8. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,332
  9. 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 886
  10. 2016Learning to Communicate with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 575
  11. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 353
  12. 2019Gradio: Hassle-Free Sharing and Testing of ML Models in the Wildcited by 178
1 more
  1. 2023RecurrentGPT: Interactive Generation of (Arbitrarily) Long Textcited by 84

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 14; 2024: 44; 2025: 49; 2026: 9.

116 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 769
  2. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 303
  3. 2024R-Judge: Benchmarking Safety Risk Awareness for LLM Agentscited by 288
  4. 2024Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Securitycited by 260
  5. 2024Scaling Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 241
  6. 2024Agent-as-a-Judge: Evaluate Agents with Agentscited by 238
  7. 2024Data Interpreter: An LLM Agent For Data Sciencecited by 225
  8. 2023Exploring Collaboration Mechanisms for LLM Agents: A Social Psychology Viewcited by 222
  9. 2025WebDancer: Towards Autonomous Information Seeking Agencycited by 188
  10. 2025MultiAgentBench: Evaluating the Collaboration and Competition of LLM agentscited by 178
  11. 2025WebWalker: Benchmarking LLMs in Web Traversalcited by 175
  12. 2023OpenAgents: An Open Platform for Language Agents in the Wildcited by 137
38 more
  1. 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 126
  2. 2024AgentScope: A Flexible yet Robust Multi-Agent Platformcited by 121
  3. 2023How Many Unicorns Are in This Image? A Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Vision LLMscited by 108
  4. 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration via Evolving Orchestrationcited by 108
  5. 2025Memp: Exploring Agent Procedural Memorycited by 103
  6. 2024On the Resilience of LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration with Faulty Agentscited by 99
  7. 2024Chain of Ideas: Revolutionizing Research Via Novel Idea Development with LLM Agentscited by 97
  8. 2025Agent KB: Leveraging Cross-Domain Experience for Agentic Problem Solvingcited by 94
  9. 2023TaskWeaver: A Code-First Agent Frameworkcited by 86
  10. 2025Chain-of-Agents: End-to-End Agent Foundation Models via Multi-Agent Distillation and Agentic RLcited by 80
  11. 2023Igniting Language Intelligence: The Hitchhiker's Guide From Chain-of-Thought Reasoning to Language Agentscited by 72
  12. 2024Agent Planning with World Knowledge Modelcited by 70
  13. 2023ML-Bench: Evaluating Large Language Models and Agents for Machine Learning Tasks on Repository-Level Codecited by 65
  14. 2024A Comparative Study on Reasoning Patterns of OpenAI's o1 Modelcited by 63
  15. 2025Scaling Test-time Compute for LLM Agentscited by 63
  16. 2025A Survey on (M)LLM-Based GUI Agentscited by 62
  17. 2024KnowAgent: Knowledge-Augmented Planning for LLM-Based Agentscited by 61
  18. 2025Contextual Agent Security: A Policy for Every Purposecited by 59
  19. 2023Experiential Co-Learning of Software-Developing Agentscited by 57
  20. 2025Towards General Agentic Intelligence via Environment Scalingcited by 54
  21. 2024WIPI: A New Web Threat for LLM-Driven Web Agentscited by 51
  22. 2025TaskCraft: Automated Generation of Agentic Taskscited by 51
  23. 2023Lyfe Agents: Generative agents for low-cost real-time social interactionscited by 49
  24. 2024Risks of AI Scientists: Prioritizing Safeguarding Over Autonomycited by 49
  25. 2023LLM-Powered Hierarchical Language Agent for Real-time Human-AI Coordinationcited by 48
  26. 2024A Multi-Agent Conversational Recommender Systemcited by 43
  27. 2025EvolveSearch: An Iterative Self-Evolving Search Agentcited by 43
  28. 2024Adaptive In-conversation Team Building for Language Model Agentscited by 39
  29. 2024CellAgent: An LLM-driven Multi-Agent Framework for Automated Single-cell Data Analysiscited by 39
  30. 2023LLM as OS, Agents as Apps: Envisioning AIOS, Agents and the AIOS-Agent Ecosystemcited by 38
  31. 2024Benchmarking Agentic Workflow Generationcited by 37
  32. 2025MPO: Boosting LLM Agents with Meta Plan Optimizationcited by 36
  33. 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Usecited by 35
  34. 2025Flow: Modularized Agentic Workflow Automationcited by 34
  35. 2025textitAgents Under Siege: Breaking Pragmatic Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Optimized Prompt Attackscited by 34
  36. 2025A Survey of Large Language Model Empowered Agents for Recommendation and Search: Towards Next-Generation Information Retrievalcited by 33
  37. 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMscited by 32
  38. 2025Efficient Agents: Building Effective Agents While Reducing Costcited by 32

50 most cited of 116 All 116 (JSON)

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  2. 2025Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges
  3. 2024Exploring Large Language Model based Intelligent Agents: Definitions, Methods, and Prospects
  4. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents
  5. 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Users
  6. 2025Small Language Models are the Future of Agentic AI
  7. 2024AgentGym: Evolving Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environments
  8. 2026Cognitive Models and AI Algorithms Provide Templates for Designing Language Agents