RefGPT: Dialogue Generation of GPT, by GPT, and for GPT
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained the impressive capability to resolve a wide range of NLP tasks by fine-tuning high-quality instruction data. However, collecting human-written data of high quality, especially multi-turn dialogues, is expensive and unattainable for most people. Though previous studies have used powerful LLMs to generate the dialogues automatically, they all suffer from generating untruthful dialogues because of the model hallucination. Therefore, we propose a method called RefGPT to generate enormous truthful and customized dialogues without worrying about factual errors caused by the model hallucination. RefGPT solves the model hallucination in dialogue generation by restricting the LLMs to leverage the given reference instead of reciting their own knowledge to generate dialogues. Additionally, RefGPT adds detailed controls on every utterance to enable high customization capability, which previous studies have ignored. On the basis of RefGPT, we also propose two high-quality dialogue datasets generated by GPT-4, namely RefGPT-Fact and RefGPT-Code. RefGPT-Fact is a dataset with 100k multi-turn dialogues based on factual knowledge and RefGPT-Code has 76k multi-turn dialogues covering a wide range of coding scenarios. Our code and datasets are released in https://github.com/mutonix/RefGPT.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2023.
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7 of 20 references.
References · 7
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,276
- 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,125
- 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignmentcited by 721
- 2021PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Themcited by 200
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 1.
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- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMs17 Dec 2024
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- 2024Facilitating Multi-turn Function Calling for LLMs via Compositional Instruction Tuning16 Oct 2024
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 49
- 2025KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding Modelcited by 36
- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMscited by 32
- 2025PersonaFeedback: A Large-scale Human-annotated Benchmark For Personalizationcited by 15
- 2024Synth-Empathy: Towards High-Quality Synthetic Empathy Datacited by 10
- 2024CT2C-QA: Multimodal Question Answering over Chinese Text, Table and Chartcited by 4
- 2025On The Role of Pretrained Language Models in General-Purpose Text Embeddings: A Surveycited by 3
- 2025MOSS-Speech: Towards True Speech-to-Speech Models Without Text Guidancecited by 3
- 2024Are LLMs Aware that Some Questions are not Open-ended?cited by 1
- 2025ProKG-Dial: Progressive Multi-Turn Dialogue Construction with Domain Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2025SNAP: A Plan-Driven Framework for Controllable Interactive Narrative Generationcited by 0
- 2026Lychee-Reranker: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Rerankingcited by 0
- 2026Lychee-Reranker: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking22 Jun 2026
- 2025SNAP: A Plan-Driven Framework for Controllable Interactive Narrative Generation18 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Survey5 Oct 2025
- 2025MOSS-Speech: Towards True Speech-to-Speech Models Without Text Guidance1 Oct 2025
- 2025ProKG-Dial: Progressive Multi-Turn Dialogue Construction with Domain Knowledge Graphs3 Aug 2025
- 2025On The Role of Pretrained Language Models in General-Purpose Text Embeddings: A Survey28 Jul 2025
- 2025KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding Model26 Jun 2025
- 2025PersonaFeedback: A Large-scale Human-annotated Benchmark For Personalization15 Jun 2025
- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMs17 Dec 2024
- 2024CT2C-QA: Multimodal Question Answering over Chinese Text, Table and Chart28 Oct 2024
- 2024Are LLMs Aware that Some Questions are not Open-ended?1 Oct 2024
- 2024Synth-Empathy: Towards High-Quality Synthetic Empathy Data31 Jul 2024