Faithful Persona-based Conversational Dataset Generation with Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
High-quality conversational datasets are essential for developing AI models that can communicate with users. One way to foster deeper interactions between a chatbot and its user is through personas, aspects of the user's character that provide insights into their personality, motivations, and behaviors. Training Natural Language Processing (NLP) models on a diverse and comprehensive persona-based dataset can lead to conversational models that create a deeper connection with the user, and maintain their engagement. In this paper, we leverage the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create a large, high-quality conversational dataset from a seed dataset. We propose a Generator-Critic architecture framework to expand the initial dataset, while improving the quality of its conversations. The Generator is an LLM prompted to output conversations. The Critic consists of a mixture of expert LLMs that control the quality of the generated conversations. These experts select the best generated conversations, which we then use to improve the Generator. We release Synthetic-Persona-Chat, consisting of 20k conversations seeded from Persona-Chat. We evaluate the quality of Synthetic-Persona-Chat and our generation framework on different dimensions through extensive experiments, and observe that the losing rate of Synthetic-Persona-Chat against Persona-Chat during Turing test decreases from 17.2% to 8.8% over three iterations.
Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2023.
Builds on
43 of 72 references.
References · 43
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 19; 2026: 13.
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- 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personascited by 397
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 206
- 2025On Memory Construction and Retrieval for Personalized Conversational Agentscited by 101
- 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 76
- 2024Fast On-device LLM Inference with NPUscited by 58
- 2025PersonaLens: A Benchmark for Personalization Evaluation in Conversational AI Assistantscited by 44
- 2025Know You First and Be You Better: Modeling Human-Like User Simulators via Implicit Profilescited by 38
- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMscited by 30
- 2025Population-Aligned Persona Generation for LLM-based Social Simulationcited by 20
- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personascited by 17
- 2024DiaHalu: A Dialogue-level Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetrycited by 15
33 more
- 2024The Imperative of Conversation Analysis in the Era of LLMs: A Survey of Tasks, Techniques, and Trendscited by 11
- 2024DreamStruct: Understanding Slides and User Interfaces via Synthetic Data Generationcited by 8
- 2025CODESYNC: Synchronizing Large Language Models with Dynamic Code Evolution at Scalecited by 8
- 2024X-TURING: Towards an Enhanced and Efficient Turing Test for Long-Term Dialogue Agentscited by 6
- 2024Can a large language model be a gaslighter?cited by 5
- 2025PersonaTwin: A Multi-Tier Prompt Conditioning Framework for Generating and Evaluating Personalized Digital Twinscited by 5
- 2024Beyond Discrete Personas: Personality Modeling Through Journal Intensive Conversationscited by 4
- 2025K-Merge: Online Continual Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Polypersona: Persona-Grounded LLM for Synthetic Survey Responsescited by 3
- 2026MENASpeechBank: A Reference Voice Bank with Persona-Conditioned Multi-Turn Conversations for AudioLLMscited by 3
- 2024Thanos: Enhancing Conversational Agents with Skill-of-Mind-Infused Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2025ConvoGen: Enhancing Conversational AI with Synthetic Data: A Multi-Agent Approachcited by 2
- 2025Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systemscited by 2
- 2026Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025LangLingual: A Personalised, Exercise-oriented English Language Learning Tool Leveraging Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Towards Effective Model Editing for LLM Personalizationcited by 1
- 2026AWARE-US: Preference-Aware Infeasibility Resolution in Tool-Calling Agentscited by 1
- 2026A Concise Agent is Less Expert: Revealing Side Effects of Using Style Features on Conversational Agentscited by 1
- 2025Not All Personas Are Worth It: Culture-Reflective Persona Data Augmentationcited by 0
- 2025Efficient Intent-Based Filtering for Multi-Party Conversations Using Knowledge Distillation from LLMscited by 0
- 2025Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Personalized and Trustworthy Agents: A Multi-Session Approach to Preference Adaptabilitycited by 0
- 2025NoteBar: An AI-Assisted Note-Taking System for Personal Knowledge Managementcited by 0
- 2025BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMscited by 0
- 2025FedDTRE: Federated Dialogue Generation Models Powered by Trustworthiness Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026Data-driven Clustering and Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Partial Policy Gradients for RL in LLMscited by 0
- 2026PersonaTrace: Synthesizing Realistic Digital Footprints with LLM Agentscited by 0
- 2026Synonymix: Unified Group Personas for Generative Simulationscited by 0
- 2026Resonant Minds: Closed-Loop Social Avatars with Theory of Mindcited by 0
- 2026GRAG: Generic Response-Augmented Generation Framework for Personalized Conversational Systemscited by 0
- 2026Controlling and Assessing Appropriate Persona Use in LLM-based Dialogue Generationcited by 0
- 2026Mind2Dialogue: Training Human-Aware Language Models by Simulating User Mental Statescited by 0
- 2026Demographic Pluralism: Inference-Time Modeling of Pluralistic Human Preference Distributionscited by 0
- 2026Demographic Pluralism: Inference-Time Modeling of Pluralistic Human Preference Distributions29 Sep 2026
- 2026Mind2Dialogue: Training Human-Aware Language Models by Simulating User Mental States14 Sep 2026
- 2026Controlling and Assessing Appropriate Persona Use in LLM-based Dialogue Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026GRAG: Generic Response-Augmented Generation Framework for Personalized Conversational Systems19 Jun 2026
- 2026Resonant Minds: Closed-Loop Social Avatars with Theory of Mind4 Jun 2026
- 2026Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models12 Apr 2026
- 2026Synonymix: Unified Group Personas for Generative Simulations30 Mar 2026
- 2026PersonaTrace: Synthesizing Realistic Digital Footprints with LLM Agents12 Mar 2026
- 2026Partial Policy Gradients for RL in LLMs6 Mar 2026
- 2026MENASpeechBank: A Reference Voice Bank with Persona-Conditioned Multi-Turn Conversations for AudioLLMs3 Feb 2026
- 2026Data-driven Clustering and Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Models24 Jan 2026
- 2026A Concise Agent is Less Expert: Revealing Side Effects of Using Style Features on Conversational Agents15 Jan 2026
33 more
- 2026AWARE-US: Preference-Aware Infeasibility Resolution in Tool-Calling Agents6 Jan 2026
- 2025Polypersona: Persona-Grounded LLM for Synthetic Survey Responses16 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Effective Model Editing for LLM Personalization15 Dec 2025
- 2025Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systems11 Nov 2025
- 2025LangLingual: A Personalised, Exercise-oriented English Language Learning Tool Leveraging Large Language Models27 Oct 2025
- 2025K-Merge: Online Continual Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Models15 Oct 2025
- 2025FedDTRE: Federated Dialogue Generation Models Powered by Trustworthiness Evaluation9 Oct 2025
- 2025BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMs30 Sep 2025
- 2025Population-Aligned Persona Generation for LLM-based Social Simulation12 Sep 2025
- 2025NoteBar: An AI-Assisted Note-Taking System for Personal Knowledge Management3 Sep 2025
- 2025PersonaTwin: A Multi-Tier Prompt Conditioning Framework for Generating and Evaluating Personalized Digital Twins30 Jul 2025
- 2025PersonaLens: A Benchmark for Personalization Evaluation in Conversational AI Assistants11 Jun 2025
- 2025ConvoGen: Enhancing Conversational AI with Synthetic Data: A Multi-Agent Approach21 Mar 2025
- 2025Efficient Intent-Based Filtering for Multi-Party Conversations Using Knowledge Distillation from LLMs21 Mar 2025
- 2025Not All Personas Are Worth It: Culture-Reflective Persona Data Augmentation17 Mar 2025
- 2025Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Personalized and Trustworthy Agents: A Multi-Session Approach to Preference Adaptability8 Mar 2025
- 2025Know You First and Be You Better: Modeling Human-Like User Simulators via Implicit Profiles26 Feb 2025
- 2025CODESYNC: Synchronizing Large Language Models with Dynamic Code Evolution at Scale23 Feb 2025
- 2025On Memory Construction and Retrieval for Personalized Conversational Agents8 Feb 2025
- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personas20 Jan 2025
- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMs17 Dec 2024
- 2024Beyond Discrete Personas: Personality Modeling Through Journal Intensive Conversations15 Dec 2024
- 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agents4 Dec 2024
- 2024Thanos: Enhancing Conversational Agents with Skill-of-Mind-Infused Large Language Model7 Nov 2024
- 2024Can a large language model be a gaslighter?11 Oct 2024
- 2024DreamStruct: Understanding Slides and User Interfaces via Synthetic Data Generation30 Sep 2024
- 2024The Imperative of Conversation Analysis in the Era of LLMs: A Survey of Tasks, Techniques, and Trends21 Sep 2024
- 2024X-TURING: Towards an Enhanced and Efficient Turing Test for Long-Term Dialogue Agents19 Aug 2024
- 2024Fast On-device LLM Inference with NPUs8 Jul 2024
- 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personas28 Jun 2024
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetry21 Jun 2024
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents28 Apr 2024
- 2024DiaHalu: A Dialogue-level Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models1 Mar 2024
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 206
- 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 76
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetrycited by 15
- 2024X-TURING: Towards an Enhanced and Efficient Turing Test for Long-Term Dialogue Agentscited by 6
- 2024Thanos: Enhancing Conversational Agents with Skill-of-Mind-Infused Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2025Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systemscited by 2
- 2026AWARE-US: Preference-Aware Infeasibility Resolution in Tool-Calling Agentscited by 1
- 2026A Concise Agent is Less Expert: Revealing Side Effects of Using Style Features on Conversational Agentscited by 1
- 2025Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Personalized and Trustworthy Agents: A Multi-Session Approach to Preference Adaptabilitycited by 0
- 2026PersonaTrace: Synthesizing Realistic Digital Footprints with LLM Agentscited by 0
- 2026PersonaTrace: Synthesizing Realistic Digital Footprints with LLM Agents12 Mar 2026
- 2026A Concise Agent is Less Expert: Revealing Side Effects of Using Style Features on Conversational Agents15 Jan 2026
- 2026AWARE-US: Preference-Aware Infeasibility Resolution in Tool-Calling Agents6 Jan 2026
- 2025Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systems11 Nov 2025
- 2025Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Personalized and Trustworthy Agents: A Multi-Session Approach to Preference Adaptability8 Mar 2025
- 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agents4 Dec 2024
- 2024Thanos: Enhancing Conversational Agents with Skill-of-Mind-Infused Large Language Model7 Nov 2024
- 2024X-TURING: Towards an Enhanced and Efficient Turing Test for Long-Term Dialogue Agents19 Aug 2024
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetry21 Jun 2024
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents28 Apr 2024
- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personascited by 17
- 2025CODESYNC: Synchronizing Large Language Models with Dynamic Code Evolution at Scalecited by 8
- 2024Can a large language model be a gaslighter?cited by 5
- 2026Demographic Pluralism: Inference-Time Modeling of Pluralistic Human Preference Distributionscited by 0
- 2026Demographic Pluralism: Inference-Time Modeling of Pluralistic Human Preference Distributions29 Sep 2026
- 2025CODESYNC: Synchronizing Large Language Models with Dynamic Code Evolution at Scale23 Feb 2025
- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personas20 Jan 2025
- 2024Can a large language model be a gaslighter?11 Oct 2024
- 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personascited by 397
- 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personas28 Jun 2024
- 2024Fast On-device LLM Inference with NPUscited by 58
- 2025PersonaLens: A Benchmark for Personalization Evaluation in Conversational AI Assistantscited by 44
- 2025Know You First and Be You Better: Modeling Human-Like User Simulators via Implicit Profilescited by 38
- 2024AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMscited by 30
- 2025Population-Aligned Persona Generation for LLM-based Social Simulationcited by 20
- 2024DiaHalu: A Dialogue-level Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2024The Imperative of Conversation Analysis in the Era of LLMs: A Survey of Tasks, Techniques, and Trendscited by 11
- 2024DreamStruct: Understanding Slides and User Interfaces via Synthetic Data Generationcited by 8
- 2025PersonaTwin: A Multi-Tier Prompt Conditioning Framework for Generating and Evaluating Personalized Digital Twinscited by 5
- 2024Beyond Discrete Personas: Personality Modeling Through Journal Intensive Conversationscited by 4
- 2025K-Merge: Online Continual Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Polypersona: Persona-Grounded LLM for Synthetic Survey Responsescited by 3
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026Mind2Dialogue: Training Human-Aware Language Models by Simulating User Mental States14 Sep 2026
- 2026Controlling and Assessing Appropriate Persona Use in LLM-based Dialogue Generation4 Sep 2026
- 2026GRAG: Generic Response-Augmented Generation Framework for Personalized Conversational Systems19 Jun 2026
- 2026Resonant Minds: Closed-Loop Social Avatars with Theory of Mind4 Jun 2026
- 2026Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models12 Apr 2026
- 2026Synonymix: Unified Group Personas for Generative Simulations30 Mar 2026
- 2026Partial Policy Gradients for RL in LLMs6 Mar 2026
- 2026MENASpeechBank: A Reference Voice Bank with Persona-Conditioned Multi-Turn Conversations for AudioLLMs3 Feb 2026
- 2026Data-driven Clustering and Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Models24 Jan 2026
- 2025Polypersona: Persona-Grounded LLM for Synthetic Survey Responses16 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Effective Model Editing for LLM Personalization15 Dec 2025
- 2025LangLingual: A Personalised, Exercise-oriented English Language Learning Tool Leveraging Large Language Models27 Oct 2025
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