PersonaFeedback: A Large-scale Human-annotated Benchmark For Personalization
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Abstract (arXiv)
With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly important research and engineering problem. However, unlike many new challenging benchmarks being released for evaluating the general/reasoning capabilities, the lack of high-quality benchmarks for evaluating LLM personalization greatly hinders progress in this field. To address this, we introduce PersonaFeedback, a new benchmark that directly evaluates LLMs' ability to provide personalized responses given pre-defined user personas and queries. Unlike existing benchmarks that require models to infer implicit user personas from historical interactions, PersonaFeedback decouples persona inference from personalization, focusing on evaluating the model's ability to generate responses tailored to explicit personas. PersonaFeedback consists of 8298 human-annotated test cases, which are categorized into easy, medium, and hard tiers based on the contextual complexity of the user personas and the difficulty in distinguishing subtle differences between two personalized responses. We conduct comprehensive evaluations across a wide range of models. The empirical results reveal that even state-of-the-art LLMs that can solve complex real-world reasoning tasks could fall short on the hard tier of PersonaFeedback where even human evaluators may find the distinctions challenging. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of failure modes across various types of systems, demonstrating that the current retrieval-augmented framework should not be seen as a de facto solution for personalization tasks. All benchmark data, annotation protocols, and the evaluation pipeline will be publicly available to facilitate future research on LLM personalization.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2025.
Builds on
35 of 48 references.
References · 35
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- 2025Know Me, Respond to Me: Benchmarking LLMs for Dynamic User Profiling and Personalized Responses at Scalecited by 178
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- 2024Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentationcited by 99
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 11.
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- 2025O-Mem: Omni Memory System for Personalized, Long Horizon, Self-Evolving Agentscited by 32
- 2026HorizonBench: Long-Horizon Personalization with Evolving Preferencescited by 17
- 2025Towards Personalized Deep Research: Benchmarks and Evaluationscited by 16
- 2026Persona-Grounded Safety Evaluation of AI Companions in Multi-Turn Conversationscited by 4
- 2025Towards Faithful and Controllable Personalization via Critique-Post-Edit Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2026LUNAR: Benchmarking Personalized Large Language Models on UNiversal User BehAvioR Logscited by 2
- 2026HARMONI: Multimodal Personalization of Multi-User Human-Robot Interactions with LLMscited by 1
- 2026Response-Aware User Memory Selection for LLM Personalizationcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Isolated Behaviors: Hierarchical User Modeling for LLM Personalizationcited by 1
- 2025MoodBench 1.0: An Evaluation Benchmark for Emotional Companionship Dialogue Systemscited by 0
- 2026PersonaDual: Balancing Personalization and Objectivity via Adaptive Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026BehaviorBench: Modeling Real-World User Decisions from Behavioral Tracescited by 0
3 more
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Taskscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating the Hidden Costs of Personalization in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026What Happens During Autonomous Deep Research After the User Steps Away?cited by 0
- 2026What Happens During Autonomous Deep Research After the User Steps Away?27 Sep 2026
- 2026Evaluating the Hidden Costs of Personalization in Large Language Models28 Aug 2026
- 2026LUNAR: Benchmarking Personalized Large Language Models on UNiversal User BehAvioR Logs5 Aug 2026
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Tasks16 Jul 2026
- 2026BehaviorBench: Modeling Real-World User Decisions from Behavioral Traces1 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Isolated Behaviors: Hierarchical User Modeling for LLM Personalization1 Jun 2026
- 2026Persona-Grounded Safety Evaluation of AI Companions in Multi-Turn Conversations30 Apr 2026
- 2026HorizonBench: Long-Horizon Personalization with Evolving Preferences19 Apr 2026
- 2026Response-Aware User Memory Selection for LLM Personalization15 Apr 2026
- 2026HARMONI: Multimodal Personalization of Multi-User Human-Robot Interactions with LLMs27 Jan 2026
- 2026PersonaDual: Balancing Personalization and Objectivity via Adaptive Reasoning13 Jan 2026
- 2025MoodBench 1.0: An Evaluation Benchmark for Emotional Companionship Dialogue Systems24 Nov 2025
- 2025O-Mem: Omni Memory System for Personalized, Long Horizon, Self-Evolving Agentscited by 32
- 2025Towards Personalized Deep Research: Benchmarks and Evaluationscited by 16
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Taskscited by 0
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Tasks16 Jul 2026
- 2025O-Mem: Omni Memory System for Personalized, Long Horizon, Self-Evolving Agents17 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Personalized Deep Research: Benchmarks and Evaluations29 Sep 2025
- 2026HorizonBench: Long-Horizon Personalization with Evolving Preferencescited by 17
- 2026Persona-Grounded Safety Evaluation of AI Companions in Multi-Turn Conversationscited by 4
- 2026LUNAR: Benchmarking Personalized Large Language Models on UNiversal User BehAvioR Logscited by 2
- 2026HARMONI: Multimodal Personalization of Multi-User Human-Robot Interactions with LLMscited by 1
- 2026Response-Aware User Memory Selection for LLM Personalizationcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Isolated Behaviors: Hierarchical User Modeling for LLM Personalizationcited by 1
- 2025MoodBench 1.0: An Evaluation Benchmark for Emotional Companionship Dialogue Systemscited by 0
- 2026BehaviorBench: Modeling Real-World User Decisions from Behavioral Tracescited by 0
- 2026Evaluating the Hidden Costs of Personalization in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026What Happens During Autonomous Deep Research After the User Steps Away?cited by 0
- 2026What Happens During Autonomous Deep Research After the User Steps Away?27 Sep 2026
- 2026Evaluating the Hidden Costs of Personalization in Large Language Models28 Aug 2026
- 2026LUNAR: Benchmarking Personalized Large Language Models on UNiversal User BehAvioR Logs5 Aug 2026
- 2026BehaviorBench: Modeling Real-World User Decisions from Behavioral Traces1 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Isolated Behaviors: Hierarchical User Modeling for LLM Personalization1 Jun 2026
- 2026Persona-Grounded Safety Evaluation of AI Companions in Multi-Turn Conversations30 Apr 2026
- 2026HorizonBench: Long-Horizon Personalization with Evolving Preferences19 Apr 2026
- 2026Response-Aware User Memory Selection for LLM Personalization15 Apr 2026
- 2026HARMONI: Multimodal Personalization of Multi-User Human-Robot Interactions with LLMs27 Jan 2026
- 2025MoodBench 1.0: An Evaluation Benchmark for Emotional Companionship Dialogue Systems24 Nov 2025
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- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personas
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- 2025DEEPER Insight into Your User: Directed Persona Refinement for Dynamic Persona Modeling
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- 2026PersoPilot: An Adaptive AI-Copilot for Transparent Contextualized Persona Classification and Personalized Response Generation
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- 2025DeepPersona: A Generative Engine for Scaling Deep Synthetic Personas