Occam's LGS: An Efficient Approach for Language Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
TL;DR: Gaussian Splatting is a widely adopted approach for 3D scene representation, offering efficient, high-quality reconstruction and rendering. A key reason for its success is the simplicity of representing scenes with sets of Gaussians, making it interpretable and adaptable. To enhance understanding beyond visual representation, recent approaches extend Gaussian Splatting with semantic vision-language features, enabling open-set tasks. Typically, these language features are aggregated from multiple 2D views, however, existing methods rely on cumbersome techniques, resulting in high computational costs and longer training times. In this work, we show that the complicated pipelines for language 3D Gaussian Splatting are simply unnecessary. Instead, we follow a probabilistic formulation of Language Gaussian Splatting and apply Occam's razor to the task at hand, leading to a highly efficient weighted multi-view feature aggregation technique. Doing so offers us state-of-the-art results with a speed-up of two orders of magnitude without any compression, allowing for easy scene manipulation. Project Page: https://insait-institute.github.io/OccamLGS/
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2024.
Builds on
36 of 39 references.
References · 36
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 661
- 2022Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation with Mask-adapted CLIPcited by 560
- 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 538
- 2023Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructionscited by 482
- 2021Scaling Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation with Image-Level Labelscited by 471
- 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 410
24 more
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 387
- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 370
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 361
- 2023OpenMask3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 288
- 2024gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splattingcited by 279
- 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 205
- 2022Neural Feature Fusion Fields: 3D Distillation of Self-Supervised 2D Image Representationscited by 195
- 2023CLIP2Scene: Towards Label-efficient 3D Scene Understanding by CLIPcited by 178
- 2022PLA: Language-Driven Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 176
- 20203D Dynamic Scene Graphs: Actionable Spatial Perception with Places, Objects, and Humanscited by 141
- 2024OpenGaussian: Towards Point-Level 3D Gaussian-based Open Vocabulary Understandingcited by 141
- 2023Weakly Supervised 3D Open-vocabulary Segmentationcited by 133
- 2020Cylinder3D: An Effective 3D Framework for Driving-scene LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 112
- 2022Semantic Abstraction: Open-World 3D Scene Understanding from 2D Vision-Language Modelscited by 95
- 2023CLIP-FO3D: Learning Free Open-world 3D Scene Representations from 2D Dense CLIPcited by 89
- 2024FMGS: Foundation Model Embedded 3D Gaussian Splatting for Holistic 3D Scene Understandingcited by 86
- 2024Semantic Gaussians: Open-Vocabulary Scene Understanding with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 81
- 2022Interactive Segmentation of Radiance Fieldscited by 60
- 2023Aligning and Prompting Everything All at Once for Universal Visual Perceptioncited by 59
- 2024FlashSplat: 2D to 3D Gaussian Splatting Segmentation Solved Optimallycited by 57
- 2024GOI: Find 3D Gaussians of Interest with an Optimizable Open-vocabulary Semantic-space Hyperplanecited by 53
- 2024N2F2: Hierarchical Scene Understanding with Nested Neural Feature Fieldscited by 34
- 20243D Vision-Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 30
- 2024PLGS: Robust Panoptic Lifting with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 11.
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- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussianscited by 18
- 2025Training-Free Hierarchical Scene Understanding for Gaussian Splatting with Superpoint Graphscited by 10
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2026GSMem: 3D Gaussian Splatting as Persistent Spatial Memory for Zero-Shot Embodied Exploration and Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026Splat and Distill: Augmenting Teachers with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction For 3D-Aware Distillationcited by 1
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026LESV: Language Embedded Sparse Voxel Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026OpenGaFF: Open-Vocabulary Gaussian Feature Field with Codebook Attentioncited by 1
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
3 more
- 2026OP2GS: Object-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting with Dual-Opacity Primitivescited by 0
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026LEGO: Leveled Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026LEGO: Leveled Language Gaussian Splatting10 Aug 2026
- 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Jul 2026
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentation1 Jul 2026
- 2026OP2GS: Object-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting with Dual-Opacity Primitives19 May 2026
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splatting13 May 2026
- 2026OpenGaFF: Open-Vocabulary Gaussian Feature Field with Codebook Attention7 May 2026
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splatting24 Apr 2026
- 2026LESV: Language Embedded Sparse Voxel Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding1 Apr 2026
- 2026GSMem: 3D Gaussian Splatting as Persistent Spatial Memory for Zero-Shot Embodied Exploration and Reasoning19 Mar 2026
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding4 Mar 2026
- 2026Splat and Distill: Augmenting Teachers with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction For 3D-Aware Distillation5 Feb 2026
- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussians3 Dec 2025
3 more
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting26 Sep 2025
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splatting19 Aug 2025
- 2025Training-Free Hierarchical Scene Understanding for Gaussian Splatting with Superpoint Graphs17 Apr 2025
- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussianscited by 18
- 2025Training-Free Hierarchical Scene Understanding for Gaussian Splatting with Superpoint Graphscited by 10
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026Splat and Distill: Augmenting Teachers with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction For 3D-Aware Distillationcited by 1
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026LESV: Language Embedded Sparse Voxel Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026OpenGaFF: Open-Vocabulary Gaussian Feature Field with Codebook Attentioncited by 1
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026OP2GS: Object-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting with Dual-Opacity Primitivescited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026LEGO: Leveled Language Gaussian Splatting10 Aug 2026
- 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Jul 2026
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentation1 Jul 2026
- 2026OP2GS: Object-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting with Dual-Opacity Primitives19 May 2026
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splatting13 May 2026
- 2026OpenGaFF: Open-Vocabulary Gaussian Feature Field with Codebook Attention7 May 2026
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splatting24 Apr 2026
- 2026LESV: Language Embedded Sparse Voxel Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding1 Apr 2026
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding4 Mar 2026
- 2026Splat and Distill: Augmenting Teachers with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction For 3D-Aware Distillation5 Feb 2026
- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussians3 Dec 2025
- 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting26 Sep 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)