Video-Foley: Two-Stage Video-To-Sound Generation via Temporal Event Condition For Foley Sound
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Abstract (arXiv)
Foley sound synthesis is crucial for multimedia production, enhancing user experience by synchronizing audio and video both temporally and semantically. Recent studies on automating this labor-intensive process through video-to-sound generation face significant challenges. Systems lacking explicit temporal features suffer from poor alignment and controllability, while timestamp-based models require costly and subjective human annotation. We propose Video-Foley, a video-to-sound system using Root Mean Square (RMS) as an intuitive condition with semantic timbre prompts (audio or text). RMS, a frame-level intensity envelope closely related to audio semantics, acts as a temporal event feature to guide audio generation from video. The annotation-free self-supervised learning framework consists of two stages, Video2RMS and RMS2Sound, incorporating novel ideas including RMS discretization and RMS-ControlNet with a pretrained text-to-audio model. Our extensive evaluation shows that Video-Foley achieves state-of-the-art performance in audio-visual alignment and controllability for sound timing, intensity, timbre, and nuance. Source code, model weights and demos are available on our companion website. (https://jnwnlee.github.io/video-foley-demo)
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2024.
Builds on
33 of 53 references.
References · 33
- 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
- 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
- 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,439
- 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 707
- 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 701
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
- 2023AudioLDM: Text-to-Audio Generation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 592
- 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 563
- 2023WavCaps: A ChatGPT-Assisted Weakly-Labelled Audio Captioning Dataset for Audio-Language Multimodal Researchcited by 266
- 2018Fr'echet Audio Distance: A Metric for Evaluating Music Enhancement Algorithmscited by 221
21 more
- 2021Taming Visually Guided Sound Generationcited by 136
- 2023Diff-Foley: Synchronized Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 133
- 2015Visually Indicated Soundscited by 128
- 2018CREPE: A Convolutional Representation for Pitch Estimationcited by 109
- 2023Music ControlNet: Multiple Time-varying Controls for Music Generationcited by 82
- 2020Generating Visually Aligned Sound from Videoscited by 67
- 2023Conditional Generation of Audio from Video via Foley Analogiescited by 52
- 2024Read, Watch and Scream! Sound Generation from Text and Videocited by 48
- 2024Masked Generative Video-to-Audio Transformers with Enhanced Synchronicitycited by 28
- 2023SyncFusion: Multimodal Onset-synchronized Video-to-Audio Foley Synthesiscited by 24
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- 2023CLIPSonic: Text-to-Audio Synthesis with Unlabeled Videos and Pretrained Language-Vision Modelscited by 20
- 2023Audio Generation with Multiple Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 18
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- 2024T-FOLEY: A Controllable Waveform-Domain Diffusion Model for Temporal-Event-Guided Foley Sound Synthesiscited by 17
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- 2022VarietySound: Timbre-Controllable Video to Sound Generation via Unsupervised Information Disentanglementcited by 11
- 2022A Proposal for Foley Sound Synthesis Challengecited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 4.
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- 2024MMAudio: Taming Multimodal Joint Training for High-Quality Video-to-Audio Synthesiscited by 134
- 2024Video-Guided Foley Sound Generation with Multimodal Controlscited by 49
- 2025KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generationcited by 24
- 2024AV-Link: Temporally-Aligned Diffusion Features for Cross-Modal Audio-Video Generationcited by 21
- 2024FolAI: Synchronized Foley Sound Generation with Semantic and Temporal Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025DeepAudio-V1:Towards Multi-Modal Multi-Stage End-to-End Video to Speech and Audio Generationcited by 5
- 2025DeepSound-V1: Start to Think Step-by-Step in the Audio Generation from Videoscited by 4
- 2025Hear What Matters! Text-conditioned Selective Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 3
- 2024Smooth-Foley: Creating Continuous Sound for Video-to-Audio Generation Under Semantic Guidancecited by 2
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfercited by 2
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scriptscited by 2
- 2026FoleyDesigner: Immersive Stereo Foley Generation with Precise Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Film Clipscited by 1
4 more
- 2025EXPOTION: Facial Expression and Motion Control for Multimodal Music Generationcited by 0
- 2025Efficient Video-to-Audio Generation via Multiple Foundation Models Mappercited by 0
- 2025FoleyGRAM: Video-to-Audio Generation with GRAM-Aligned Multimodal Encoderscited by 0
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomycited by 0
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomy28 Sep 2026
- 2026FoleyDesigner: Immersive Stereo Foley Generation with Precise Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Film Clips7 Apr 2026
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scripts20 Mar 2026
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfer16 Mar 2026
- 2025Hear What Matters! Text-conditioned Selective Video-to-Audio Generation2 Dec 2025
- 2025FoleyGRAM: Video-to-Audio Generation with GRAM-Aligned Multimodal Encoders7 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Video-to-Audio Generation via Multiple Foundation Models Mapper5 Sep 2025
- 2025EXPOTION: Facial Expression and Motion Control for Multimodal Music Generation7 Jul 2025
- 2025DeepAudio-V1:Towards Multi-Modal Multi-Stage End-to-End Video to Speech and Audio Generation28 Mar 2025
- 2025DeepSound-V1: Start to Think Step-by-Step in the Audio Generation from Videos28 Mar 2025
- 2025KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generation21 Feb 2025
- 2024Smooth-Foley: Creating Continuous Sound for Video-to-Audio Generation Under Semantic Guidance24 Dec 2024
4 more
- 2024MMAudio: Taming Multimodal Joint Training for High-Quality Video-to-Audio Synthesis19 Dec 2024
- 2024AV-Link: Temporally-Aligned Diffusion Features for Cross-Modal Audio-Video Generation19 Dec 2024
- 2024FolAI: Synchronized Foley Sound Generation with Semantic and Temporal Alignment19 Dec 2024
- 2024Video-Guided Foley Sound Generation with Multimodal Controls26 Nov 2024
- 2024MMAudio: Taming Multimodal Joint Training for High-Quality Video-to-Audio Synthesiscited by 134
- 2024Video-Guided Foley Sound Generation with Multimodal Controlscited by 49
- 2025KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generationcited by 24
- 2024FolAI: Synchronized Foley Sound Generation with Semantic and Temporal Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025DeepAudio-V1:Towards Multi-Modal Multi-Stage End-to-End Video to Speech and Audio Generationcited by 5
- 2025Hear What Matters! Text-conditioned Selective Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 3
- 2024Smooth-Foley: Creating Continuous Sound for Video-to-Audio Generation Under Semantic Guidancecited by 2
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfercited by 2
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scriptscited by 2
- 2026FoleyDesigner: Immersive Stereo Foley Generation with Precise Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Film Clipscited by 1
- 2025EXPOTION: Facial Expression and Motion Control for Multimodal Music Generationcited by 0
- 2025Efficient Video-to-Audio Generation via Multiple Foundation Models Mappercited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomy28 Sep 2026
- 2026FoleyDesigner: Immersive Stereo Foley Generation with Precise Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Film Clips7 Apr 2026
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scripts20 Mar 2026
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfer16 Mar 2026
- 2025Hear What Matters! Text-conditioned Selective Video-to-Audio Generation2 Dec 2025
- 2025FoleyGRAM: Video-to-Audio Generation with GRAM-Aligned Multimodal Encoders7 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Video-to-Audio Generation via Multiple Foundation Models Mapper5 Sep 2025
- 2025EXPOTION: Facial Expression and Motion Control for Multimodal Music Generation7 Jul 2025
- 2025DeepAudio-V1:Towards Multi-Modal Multi-Stage End-to-End Video to Speech and Audio Generation28 Mar 2025
- 2025KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generation21 Feb 2025
- 2024Smooth-Foley: Creating Continuous Sound for Video-to-Audio Generation Under Semantic Guidance24 Dec 2024
- 2024MMAudio: Taming Multimodal Joint Training for High-Quality Video-to-Audio Synthesis19 Dec 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)