mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MMAU: A Holistic Benchmark of Agent Capabilities Across Diverse Domains

arXiv 2407.18961 ↗First posted 18 Jul 2024cs.AIcited by 19

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have increased the demand for comprehensive benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities as human-like agents. Existing benchmarks, while useful, often focus on specific application scenarios, emphasizing task completion but failing to dissect the underlying skills that drive these outcomes. This lack of granularity makes it difficult to deeply discern where failures stem from. Additionally, setting up these environments requires considerable effort, and issues of unreliability and reproducibility sometimes arise, especially in interactive tasks. To address these limitations, we introduce the Massive Multitask Agent Understanding (MMAU) benchmark, featuring comprehensive offline tasks that eliminate the need for complex environment setups. It evaluates models across five domains, including Tool-use, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) QA, Data Science and Machine Learning coding, Contest-level programming and Mathematics, and covers five essential capabilities: Understanding, Reasoning, Planning, Problem-solving, and Self-correction. With a total of 20 meticulously designed tasks encompassing over 3K distinct prompts, MMAU provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the strengths and limitations of LLM agents. By testing 18 representative models on MMAU, we provide deep and insightful analyses. Ultimately, MMAU not only sheds light on the capabilities and limitations of LLM agents but also enhances the interpretability of their performance. Datasets and evaluation scripts of MMAU are released at https://github.com/apple/axlearn/tree/main/docs/research/mmau.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 33 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jul 2024.

Builds on

33 of 57 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024AgentBoard: An Analytical Evaluation Board of Multi-turn LLM Agents24 Jan
  2. 2023AutoAgents: A Framework for Automatic Agent Generation29 Sep
  3. 2023Agents: An Open-source Framework for Autonomous Language Agents14 Sep
  4. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agents5 Sep
  5. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviors21 Aug
  6. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents7 Aug

Other references · 27

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  3. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  5. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
  6. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  7. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  8. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  9. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
  10. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  11. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,947
  12. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,462
15 more
  1. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
  2. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  3. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,190
  4. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 501
  5. 2019Analysing Mathematical Reasoning Abilities of Neural Modelscited by 335
  6. 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
  7. 2020Mapping Natural Language Instructions to Mobile UI Action Sequencescited by 181
  8. 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Webcited by 157
  9. 2023Chain of Hindsight Aligns Language Models with Feedbackcited by 148
  10. 2024StableToolBench: Towards Stable Large-Scale Benchmarking on Tool Learning of Large Language Modelscited by 132
  11. 2024Code Generation with AlphaCodium: From Prompt Engineering to Flow Engineeringcited by 103
  12. 2022A data-driven approach for learning to control computerscited by 88
  13. 2022META-GUI: Towards Multi-modal Conversational Agents on Mobile GUIcited by 81
  14. 2024API-BLEND: A Comprehensive Corpora for Training and Benchmarking API LLMscited by 39
  15. 2021Mobile App Tasks with Iterative Feedback (MoTIF): Addressing Task Feasibility in Interactive Visual Environmentscited by 28

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 10; 2026: 8.

19 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challengescited by 205
  2. 2025MedRAX: Medical Reasoning Agent for Chest X-raycited by 70
  3. 2025Structured Uncertainty guided Clarification for LLM Agentscited by 41
  4. 2025AgentsNet: Coordination and Collaborative Reasoning in Multi-Agent LLMscited by 31
  5. 2024SMoA: Improving Multi-agent Large Language Models with Sparse Mixture-of-Agentscited by 30
  6. 2025FaceXBench: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Face Understandingcited by 24
  7. 2025Large Language Model-based Data Science Agent: A Surveycited by 23
  8. 2025Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Modelscited by 17
  9. 2026The Evolution of Tool Use in LLM Agents: From Single-Tool Call to Multi-Tool Orchestrationcited by 14
  10. 2025Evolutionary Perspectives on the Evaluation of LLM-Based AI Agents: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 13
  11. 2026From Question Answering to Task Completion: A Survey on Agent System and Harness Designcited by 12
  12. 2025Understanding and Optimizing Agentic Workflows via Shapley valuecited by 10
7 more
  1. 2026CL-bench Life: Can Language Models Learn from Real-Life Context?cited by 9
  2. 2025OracleAgent: A Multimodal Reasoning Agent for Oracle Bone Script Researchcited by 3
  3. 2026Preference-ASR: A Preference-Aware Test Set for Benchmarking ASR in the Era of Speech LLMscited by 1
  4. 2026In-IDE Toolkit for Developers of AI-Based Featurescited by 0
  5. 2026Defining AI Agents: A Compendium of Criteria, Metrics, and Benchmarkscited by 0
  6. 2026MolDesignBench: Evaluating LLM-based Agent for Scenario-grounded Molecular Designcited by 0
  7. 2026Stepped MoE: Segment-Level Routing with Configurable Inference Complexitycited by 0

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  2. 2026T1-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Scenario Agents in Real-World Domains
  3. 2026AgentGym2: Benchmarking Large Language Model Agents in De-Idealized Real-World Environments
  4. 2024AgentQuest: A Modular Benchmark Framework to Measure Progress and Improve LLM Agents
  5. 2025MCPVerse: An Expansive, Real-World Benchmark for Agentic Tool Use
  6. 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Users
  7. 2024BattleAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Cooperation and Competition Capabilities of Language Models in Multi-Agent Systems
  8. 2024Reasoning Capacity in Multi-Agent Systems: Limitations, Challenges and Human-Centered Solutions