T1-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Scenario Agents in Real-World Domains
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in reasoning and tool-calling capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled increasingly capable agentic systems. However, existing benchmarks remain limited in task complexity, realism, and domain diversity, and often fail to capture interactions that span multiple domains, limiting their ability to evaluate agents in realistic multi-step settings that require sustained reasoning and coordination. To address these limitations, we introduce T1-Bench, a high-fidelity, comprehensive benchmark for evaluating agentic systems in realistic customer-facing, multi-domain environments, featuring interleaved scenarios that require structured reasoning across multi-turn user-assistant interactions and substantially increasing both compositional complexity and evaluative rigor across 25 domains of varying difficulty. We evaluate T1-Bench using 12 proprietary and open-weight models, providing a reproducible and standardized framework for assessing agent behavior, tool utilization, and conversational quality in complex, multi-step environments. We further complement automatic evaluation with human judgments to strengthen the assessment of qualitative performance. Overall, T1-Bench substantially advances prior benchmarks by increasing task complexity, interaction depth, and domain coverage in simulated multi-domain environments. To facilitate future research on agentic systems, we will publicly release data and evaluation code as open source.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 20 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2026.
Builds on
20 of 46 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2025UserBench: An Interactive Gym Environment for User-Centric Agents29 Jul
- 2025APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplay4 Apr
- 2024TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real World Tasks18 Dec
- 2024GTA: A Benchmark for General Tool Agents11 Jul
- 2024FlowBench: Revisiting and Benchmarking Workflow-Guided Planning for LLM-based Agents21 Jun
- 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agents2 Feb
- 2023SOTOPIA: Interactive Evaluation for Social Intelligence in Language Agents18 Oct
- 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society31 Mar
Other references · 12
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
- 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 574
- 2025τ2-Bench: Evaluating Conversational Agents in a Dual-Control Environmentcited by 558
- 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agentscited by 255
- 2025GAIA-2: A Controllable Multi-View Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 178
- 2025T1: A Tool-Oriented Conversational Dataset for Multi-Turn Agentic Planningcited by 14
- 2026ASTRA-bench: Evaluating Tool-Use Agent Reasoning and Action Planning with Personal User Contextcited by 14
- 2026SparkMe: Adaptive Semi-Structured Interviewing for Qualitative Insight Discoverycited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024BattleAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Cooperation and Competition Capabilities of Language Models in Multi-Agent Systems
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents
- 2025Multi-Mission Tool Bench: Assessing the Robustness of LLM based Agents through Related and Dynamic Missions
- 2026AgencyBench: Benchmarking the Frontiers of Autonomous Agents in 1M-Token Real-World Contexts
- 2024AgentQuest: A Modular Benchmark Framework to Measure Progress and Improve LLM Agents
- 2026OneMillion-Bench: How Far are Language Agents from Human Experts?
- 2026AgentGym2: Benchmarking Large Language Model Agents in De-Idealized Real-World Environments
- 2024Reasoning Capacity in Multi-Agent Systems: Limitations, Challenges and Human-Centered Solutions