mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Utilizing Navigation Paths to Generate Target Points for Enhanced End-to-End Autonomous Driving Planning

arXiv 2406.08349 ↗First posted 12 Jun 2024cs.ROcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture

Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving frameworks have been shown to not only enhance perception performance but also improve planning capabilities. However, most previous end-to-end autonomous driving frameworks have focused primarily on enhancing environmental perception while neglecting the learning of autonomous vehicle driving intent, which refers to the vehicle's intended direction of travel. In planning, the autonomous vehicle's direction is clear and well-defined, yet this crucial aspect has often been overlooked. This paper introduces NTT (Navigation to Target for Trajectory planning), a method within an end-to-end framework for autonomous driving. NTT generates the planned trajectory in two steps. First, it generates the future target point for the autonomous vehicle on the basis of the navigation path. Then, it produces the complete planned trajectory on the basis of this target point. On the one hand, generating the target point for the autonomous vehicle from the navigation path enables the vehicle to learn a clear driving intent. On the other hand, generating the trajectory on the basis of the target point allows for a flexible planned trajectory that can adapt to complex environmental changes, thereby enhancing the safety of the planning process. Our method achieved excellent planning performance on the widely used nuScenes dataset and its effectiveness was validated through ablation experiments.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 37 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2024.

Builds on

37 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Safe Real-World Autonomous Driving by Learning to Predict and Plan with a Mixture of Experts3 Nov
  2. 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning15 Jul

Other references · 35

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  4. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  5. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
  6. 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
  7. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
  8. 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
  9. 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 655
  10. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
  11. 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
  12. 2022PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 550
23 more
  1. 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 528
  2. 2019MultiPath: Multiple Probabilistic Anchor Trajectory Hypotheses for Behavior Predictioncited by 417
  3. 2020TNT: Target-driveN Trajectory Predictioncited by 345
  4. 2023Occ3D: A Large-Scale 3D Occupancy Prediction Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 325
  5. 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 311
  6. 2023SurroundOcc: Multi-Camera 3D Occupancy Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 310
  7. 2021DenseTNT: End-to-end Trajectory Prediction from Dense Goal Setscited by 292
  8. 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 280
  9. 2023Parting with Misconceptions about Learning-based Vehicle Motion Planningcited by 238
  10. 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 225
  11. 2023Scene as Occupancycited by 208
  12. 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 192
  13. 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191
  14. 2023StreamMapNet: Streaming Mapping Network for Vectorized Online HD Map Constructioncited by 143
  15. 2022ViP3D: End-to-end Visual Trajectory Prediction via 3D Agent Queriescited by 116
  16. 2021LaneRCNN: Distributed Representations for Graph-Centric Motion Forecastingcited by 112
  17. 2021Multimodal Trajectory Prediction Conditioned on Lane-Graph Traversalscited by 112
  18. 2022PlanT: Explainable Planning Transformers via Object-Level Representationscited by 105
  19. 2022Differentiable Raycasting for Self-supervised Occupancy Forecastingcited by 83
  20. 2023Lane Graph as Path: Continuity-preserving Path-wise Modeling for Online Lane Graph Constructioncited by 50
  21. 2023From Prediction to Planning With Goal Conditioned Lane Graph Traversalscited by 45
  22. 2023Rethinking Imitation-based Planner for Autonomous Drivingcited by 25
  23. 2023Imitation with Spatial-Temporal Heatmap: 2nd Place Solution for NuPlan Challengecited by 19

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025MAP: End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Map-Assisted Planning
  2. 2022Trajectory-guided Control Prediction for End-to-end Autonomous Driving: A Simple yet Strong Baseline
  3. 2025Perception in Plan: Coupled Perception and Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  4. 2026Planning-Oriented End-to-End Autonomous Driving: Architectures, Evaluation, and Emerging Paradigms
  5. 2025Drive in Corridors: Enhancing the Safety of End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Corridor Learning and Planning
  6. 2025UncAD: Towards Safe End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Online Map Uncertainty
  7. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers
  8. 2025TrajDiff: End-to-end Autonomous Driving without Perception Annotation