mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

T-Rex2: Towards Generic Object Detection via Text-Visual Prompt Synergy

arXiv 2403.14610 ↗First posted 21 Mar 2024cs.CVcited by 94

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present T-Rex2, a highly practical model for open-set object detection. Previous open-set object detection methods relying on text prompts effectively encapsulate the abstract concept of common objects, but struggle with rare or complex object representation due to data scarcity and descriptive limitations. Conversely, visual prompts excel in depicting novel objects through concrete visual examples, but fall short in conveying the abstract concept of objects as effectively as text prompts. Recognizing the complementary strengths and weaknesses of both text and visual prompts, we introduce T-Rex2 that synergizes both prompts within a single model through contrastive learning. T-Rex2 accepts inputs in diverse formats, including text prompts, visual prompts, and the combination of both, so that it can handle different scenarios by switching between the two prompt modalities. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that T-Rex2 exhibits remarkable zero-shot object detection capabilities across a wide spectrum of scenarios. We show that text prompts and visual prompts can benefit from each other within the synergy, which is essential to cover massive and complicated real-world scenarios and pave the way towards generic object detection. Model API is now available at urlhttps://github.com/IDEA-Research/T-Rex.

Key facts. Cited by 94 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2024.

Builds on

45 of 55 references.

References · 45

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
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  5. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  6. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
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  8. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  9. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
  10. 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
  11. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
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33 more
  1. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
  2. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  3. 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,361
  4. 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,306
  5. 2019LVIS: A Dataset for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 1,215
  6. 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
  7. 2021Grounded Language-Image Pre-trainingcited by 1,147
  8. 2021Open-vocabulary Object Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillationcited by 903
  9. 2021MDETR -- Modulated Detection for End-to-End Multi-Modal Understandingcited by 811
  10. 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 613
  11. 2021RegionCLIP: Region-based Language-Image Pretrainingcited by 612
  12. 2022DAB-DETR: Dynamic Anchor Boxes are Better Queries for DETRcited by 569
  13. 2022DN-DETR: Accelerate DETR Training by Introducing Query DeNoisingcited by 486
  14. 2021Scaling Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation with Image-Level Labelscited by 471
  15. 2018CrowdHuman: A Benchmark for Detecting Human in a Crowdcited by 283
  16. 2022Open-Vocabulary DETR with Conditional Matchingcited by 220
  17. 2023A Simple Framework for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation and Detectioncited by 197
  18. 2023Semantic-SAM: Segment and Recognize Anything at Any Granularitycited by 185
  19. 2022DetCLIP: Dictionary-Enriched Visual-Concept Paralleled Pre-training for Open-world Detectioncited by 176
  20. 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 149
  21. 2022ELEVATER: A Benchmark and Toolkit for Evaluating Language-Augmented Visual Modelscited by 141
  22. 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
  23. 2023DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignmentcited by 90
  24. 2022Represent, Compare, and Learn: A Similarity-Aware Framework for Class-Agnostic Countingcited by 80
  25. 2022CounTR: Transformer-based Generalised Visual Countingcited by 79
  26. 2022Few-shot Object Counting and Detectioncited by 55
  27. 2023Visual In-Context Promptingcited by 52
  28. 2023Multi-modal Queried Object Detection in the Wildcited by 47
  29. 2023Tokenize Anything via Promptingcited by 31
  30. 2022Roboflow 100: A Rich, Multi-Domain Object Detection Benchmarkcited by 26
  31. 2022Bamboo: Building Mega-Scale Vision Dataset Continually with Human-Machine Synergycited by 20
  32. 2023T-Rex: Counting by Visual Promptingcited by 20
  33. 2022Interactive Multi-Class Tiny-Object Detectioncited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 22; 2025: 35; 2026: 37.

94 papers.

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  1. 2024Grounding DINO 1.5: Advance the "Edge" of Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 122
  2. 2024DINO-X: A Unified Vision Model for Open-World Object Detection and Understandingcited by 85
  3. 2025HunyuanCustom: A Multimodal-Driven Architecture for Customized Video Generationcited by 84
  4. 2025Detect Anything via Next Point Predictioncited by 66
  5. 2024CountGD: Multi-Modal Open-World Countingcited by 59
  6. 2025MOSEv2: A More Challenging Dataset for Video Object Segmentation in Complex Scenescited by 59
  7. 2025LLMDet: Learning Strong Open-Vocabulary Object Detectors under the Supervision of Large Language Modelscited by 53
  8. 2024Toward Visual Grounding: A Surveycited by 52
  9. 2024Locate Anything on Earth: Advancing Open-Vocabulary Object Detection for Remote Sensing Communitycited by 50
  10. 2026Ultralytics YOLO26: Unified Real-Time End-to-End Vision Modelscited by 47
  11. 2025YOLOE: Real-Time Seeing Anythingcited by 36
  12. 2024ChatRex: Taming Multimodal LLM for Joint Perception and Understandingcited by 30
38 more
  1. 2025Referring to Any Personcited by 20
  2. 2024TAPTRv2: Attention-based Position Update Improves Tracking Any Pointcited by 18
  3. 2025Mixture of Experts in Large Language Modelscited by 15
  4. 2025TSGS: Improving Gaussian Splatting for Transparent Surface Reconstruction via Normal and De-lighting Priorscited by 14
  5. 2024ContrastAlign: Toward Robust BEV Feature Alignment via Contrastive Learning for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
  6. 2024DiPEx: Dispersing Prompt Expansion for Class-Agnostic Object Detectioncited by 11
  7. 2025FG-CLIP 2: A Bilingual Fine-grained Vision-Language Alignment Modelcited by 11
  8. 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrievalcited by 11
  9. 2025No time to train! Training-Free Reference-Based Instance Segmentationcited by 9
  10. 2024TAPTRv3: Spatial and Temporal Context Foster Robust Tracking of Any Point in Long Videocited by 8
  11. 2025Dynamic-DINO: Fine-Grained Mixture of Experts Tuning for Real-time Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 8
  12. 2024There is no SAMantics! Exploring SAM as a Backbone for Visual Understanding Taskscited by 7
  13. 2025Single Domain Generalization for Few-Shot Counting via Universal Representation Matchingcited by 6
  14. 2025VL-SAM-V2: Open-World Object Detection with General and Specific Query Fusioncited by 6
  15. 2025Neptune-X: Active X-to-Maritime Generation for Universal Maritime Object Detectioncited by 6
  16. 2024Search and Detect: Training-Free Long Tail Object Detection via Web-Image Retrievalcited by 5
  17. 2025DINO-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Vision Foundation Modelscited by 5
  18. 2025Spatio-Temporal LLM: Reasoning about Environments and Actionscited by 5
  19. 2025Text-guided Visual Prompt DINO for Generic Segmentationcited by 5
  20. 2024ViewDelta: Scaling Scene Change Detection through Text-Conditioningcited by 4
  21. 2024Just a Few Glances: Open-Set Visual Perception with Image Prompt Paradigmcited by 4
  22. 2025IMPACT: Intelligent Motion Planning with Acceptable Contact Trajectories via Vision-Language Modelscited by 4
  23. 2025Show or Tell? Effectively prompting Vision-Language Models for semantic segmentationcited by 4
  24. 2025InfoDet: A Dataset for Infographic Element Detectioncited by 4
  25. 2024CP-DETR: Concept Prompt Guide DETR Toward Stronger Universal Object Detectioncited by 3
  26. 2025Motion Blender Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
  27. 2025ProSAM: Enhancing the Robustness of SAM-based Visual Reference Segmentation with Probabilistic Promptscited by 3
  28. 2025UniModel: A Visual-Only Framework for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 3
  29. 2026PET-DINO: Unifying Visual Cues into Grounding DINO with Prompt-Enriched Trainingcited by 3
  30. 2026Guide, Think, Act: Interactive Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
  31. 2024Proactive Schemes: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks for Social Goodcited by 2
  32. 2025Grounding-MD: Grounded Video-language Pre-training for Open-World Moment Detectioncited by 2
  33. 2025NOCTIS: Novel Object Cyclic Threshold based Instance Segmentationcited by 2
  34. 2025TasselNetV4: A vision foundation model for cross-scene, cross-scale, and cross-species plant countingcited by 2
  35. 2025Omni-Referring Image Segmentationcited by 2
  36. 2026FSOD-VFM: Few-Shot Object Detection with Vision Foundation Models and Graph Diffusioncited by 2
  37. 2026DETR-ViP: Detection Transformer with Robust Discriminative Visual Promptscited by 2
  38. 2024Open-vocabulary vs. Closed-set: Best Practice for Few-shot Object Detection Considering Text Describabilitycited by 1

50 most cited of 94 All 94 (JSON)