mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Claim Detection for Automated Fact-checking: A Survey on Monolingual, Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Research

arXiv 2401.11969 ↗First posted 22 Jan 2024cs.CLcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

Automated fact-checking has drawn considerable attention over the past few decades due to the increase in the diffusion of misinformation on online platforms. This is often carried out as a sequence of tasks comprising (i) the detection of sentences circulating in online platforms which constitute claims needing verification, followed by (ii) the verification process of those claims. This survey focuses on the former, by discussing existing efforts towards detecting claims needing fact-checking, with a particular focus on multilingual data and methods. This is a challenging and fertile direction where existing methods are yet far from matching human performance due to the profoundly challenging nature of the issue. Especially, the dissemination of information across multiple social platforms, articulated in multiple languages and modalities demands more generalized solutions for combating misinformation. Focusing on multilingual misinformation, we present a comprehensive survey of existing multilingual claim detection research. We present state-of-the-art multilingual claim detection research categorized into three key factors of the problem, verifiability, priority, and similarity. Further, we present a detailed overview of the existing multilingual datasets along with the challenges and suggest possible future advancements.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 93 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jan 2024.

Builds on

46 of 93 references.

References · 46

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34 more
  1. 2020BERTweet: A pre-trained language model for English Tweetscited by 346
  2. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claimscited by 209
  3. 2021AMMUS : A Survey of Transformer-based Pretrained Models in Natural Language Processingcited by 131
  4. 2017Detection and Resolution of Rumours in Social Media: A Surveycited by 103
  5. 2017Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Topic modeling: models, applications, a surveycited by 90
  6. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 83
  7. 2020That is a Known Lie: Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claimscited by 82
  8. 2021A Survey on Stance Detection for Mis- and Disinformation Identificationcited by 75
  9. 2020Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic: Modeling the Perspective of Journalists, Fact-Checkers, Social Media Platforms, Policy Makers, and the Societycited by 72
  10. 2022MuMiN: A Large-Scale Multilingual Multimodal Fact-Checked Misinformation Social Network Datasetcited by 59
  11. 2018Towards Automated Factchecking: Developing an Annotation Schema and Benchmark for Consistent Automated Claim Detectioncited by 55
  12. 2021Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 55
  13. 2021Claim Matching Beyond English to Scale Global Fact-Checkingcited by 42
  14. 2018Overview of the CLEF-2018 CheckThat! Lab on Automatic Identification and Verification of Political Claims. Task 1: Check-Worthinesscited by 41
  15. 2020Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Armscited by 41
  16. 2023Multilingual Previously Fact-Checked Claim Retrievalcited by 32
  17. 2018ClaimRank: Detecting Check-Worthy Claims in Arabic and Englishcited by 27
  18. 2021Assisting the Human Fact-Checkers: Detecting All Previously Fact-Checked Claims in a Documentcited by 19
  19. 2022Matching Tweets With Applicable Fact-Checks Across Languagescited by 15
  20. 2021Findings of the NLP4IF-2021 Shared Tasks on Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship Detectioncited by 14
  21. 2021SciClops: Detecting and Contextualizing Scientific Claims for Assisting Manual Fact-Checkingcited by 8
  22. 2020Check_square at CheckThat! 2020: Claim Detection in Social Media via Fusion of Transformer and Syntactic Featurescited by 7
  23. 2021Accenture at CheckThat! 2021: Interesting claim identification and ranking with contextually sensitive lexical training data augmentationcited by 6
  24. 2021UPV at CheckThat! 2021: Mitigating Cultural Differences for Identifying Multilingual Check-worthy Claimscited by 6
  25. 2021A Second Pandemic? Analysis of Fake News About COVID-19 Vaccines in Qatarcited by 5
  26. 2023Breaking Language Barriers with MMTweets: Advancing Cross-Lingual Debunked Narrative Retrieval for Fact-Checkingcited by 5
  27. 2024Analyzing Misinformation Claims During the 2022 Brazilian General Election on WhatsApp, Twitter, and Kwaicited by 5
  28. 2019Real-time Claim Detection from News Articles and Retrieval of Semantically-Similar Factcheckscited by 4
  29. 2023Multilingual Detection of Check-Worthy Claims using World Languages and Adapter Fusioncited by 4
  30. 2020Too Many Claims to Fact-Check: Prioritizing Political Claims Based on Check-Worthinesscited by 3
  31. 2021Self-Supervised Claim Identification for Automated Fact Checkingcited by 3
  32. 2022Cross-lingual Transfer Learning for Check-worthy Claim Identification over Twittercited by 2
  33. 2022Check-worthy Claim Detection across Topics for Automated Fact-checkingcited by 2
  34. 2021Assessing Effectiveness of Using Internal Signals for Check-Worthy Claim Identification in Unlabeled Data for Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 16; 2026: 12.

35 papers.

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  1. 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontierscited by 49
  2. 2025ReportBench: Evaluating Deep Research Agents via Academic Survey Taskscited by 34
  3. 2024Claim Verification in the Age of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 23
  4. 2024Surprising Efficacy of Fine-Tuned Transformers for Fact-Checking over Larger Language Modelscited by 14
  5. 2024FactCheck Editor: Multilingual Text Editor with End-to-End fact-checkingcited by 12
  6. 2025MultiClaimNet: A Massively Multilingual Dataset of Fact-Checked Claim Clusterscited by 7
  7. 2024FactFinders at CheckThat! 2024: Refining Check-worthy Statement Detection with LLMs through Data Pruningcited by 6
  8. 2024A Survey on Automatic Credibility Assessment Using Textual Credibility Signals in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 3
  9. 2025Entity-aware Cross-lingual Claim Detection for Automated Fact-checkingcited by 3
  10. 2025ViClaim: A Multilingual Multilabel Dataset for Automatic Claim Detection in Videoscited by 3
  11. 2025A Scoping Review of Natural Language Processing in Addressing Medically Inaccurate Information: Errors, Misinformation, and Hallucinationcited by 2
  12. 2025IRIS: An Iterative and Integrated Framework for Verifiable Causal Discovery in the Absence of Tabular Datacited by 2
23 more
  1. 2024A Comparative Study of Translation Bias and Accuracy in Multilingual Large Language Models for Cross-Language Claim Verificationcited by 1
  2. 2025Word2winners at SemEval-2025 Task 7: Multilingual and Crosslingual Fact-Checked Claim Retrievalcited by 1
  3. 2025Multilingual vs Crosslingual Retrieval of Fact-Checked Claims: A Tale of Two Approachescited by 1
  4. 2025RAVE: Retrieval and Scoring Aware Verifiable Claim Detectioncited by 1
  5. 2025The Psychology of Falsehood: A Human-Centric Survey of Misinformation Detectioncited by 1
  6. 2026MultiCaption: Detecting disinformation using multilingual visual claimscited by 1
  7. 2026When Misinformation Speaks and Converses: Rethinking Fact-Checking in Audio Platformscited by 1
  8. 2026From Articles to Premises: Building PrimeFacts, an Extraction Methodology and Resource for Fact-Checking Evidencecited by 1
  9. 2026Multilingual Fact-Checking at Scale: Fine-Tuned Compact Models vs LLMscited by 1
  10. 2025Enhancing Multi-Hop Fact Verification with Structured Knowledge-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 0
  11. 2025TurQUaz at CheckThat! 2025: Debating Large Language Models for Scientific Web Discourse Detectioncited by 0
  12. 2025Exploring Content and Social Connections of Fake News with Explainable Text and Graph Learningcited by 0
  13. 2025PledgeTracker: A System for Monitoring the Fulfilment of Pledgescited by 0
  14. 2025Automatic Fact-checking in English and Telugucited by 0
  15. 2025Agent-based Automated Claim Matching with Instruction-following LLMscited by 0
  16. 2026Multilingual, Multimodal Pipeline for Creating Authentic and Structured Fact-Checked Claim Datasetcited by 0
  17. 2026ClaimPT: A Portuguese Dataset of Annotated Claims in News Articlescited by 0
  18. 2026MultiCW: A Large-Scale Balanced Benchmark Dataset for Training Robust Check-Worthiness Detection Modelscited by 0
  19. 2026ContextClaim: A Context-Driven Paradigm for Verifiable Claim Detectioncited by 0
  20. 2026SEEK: Semantic Evidence Extraction via Adaptive ChunKing for Multilingual Fact-Checkingcited by 0
  21. 2026Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Citation Needed Detection on Wikipedia for Lower-Resource Languagescited by 0
  22. 2026TRILOGUE: A Trilingual Spoken Dialogue Fact-Checking Benchmark with Evidence and Paired Audiocited by 0
  23. 2026SoK: Formal Methods for Fact-Checking and Information Integritycited by 0