mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multilingual, Multimodal Pipeline for Creating Authentic and Structured Fact-Checked Claim Dataset

arXiv 2601.07985 ↗First posted 12 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid proliferation of misinformation across online platforms underscores the urgent need for robust, up-to-date, explainable, and multilingual fact-checking resources. However, existing datasets are limited in scope, often lacking multimodal evidence, structured annotations, and detailed links between claims, evidence, and verdicts. This paper introduces a comprehensive data collection and processing pipeline that constructs multimodal fact-checking datasets in French and German languages by aggregating ClaimReview feeds, scraping full debunking articles, normalizing heterogeneous claim verdicts, and enriching them with structured metadata and aligned visual content. We used state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs for (i) evidence extraction under predefined evidence categories and (ii) justification generation that links evidence to verdicts. Evaluation with G-Eval and human assessment demonstrates that our pipeline enables fine-grained comparison of fact-checking practices across different organizations or media markets, facilitates the development of more interpretable and evidence-grounded fact-checking models, and lays the groundwork for future research on multilingual, multimodal misinformation verification.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jan 2026.

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19 of 41 references.

References · 19

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  3. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  4. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  5. 2021X-FACT: A New Benchmark Dataset for Multilingual Fact Checkingcited by 90
  6. 2024MMFakeBench: A Mixed-Source Multimodal Misinformation Detection Benchmark for LVLMscited by 60
  7. 2022MuMiN: A Large-Scale Multilingual Multimodal Fact-Checked Misinformation Social Network Datasetcited by 59
  8. 2023Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 51
  9. 2024Can LLMs Produce Faithful Explanations For Fact-checking? Towards Faithful Explainable Fact-Checking via Multi-Agent Debatecited by 48
  10. 2023Towards Reliable Misinformation Mitigation: Generalization, Uncertainty, and GPT-4cited by 45
  11. 2024DEFAME: Dynamic Evidence-based FAct-checking with Multimodal Expertscited by 42
  12. 2023HealthFC: Verifying Health Claims with Evidence-Based Medical Fact-Checkingcited by 35
7 more
  1. 2024Claim Detection for Automated Fact-checking: A Survey on Monolingual, Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Researchcited by 35
  2. 2025Show Me the Work: Fact-Checkers' Requirements for Explainable Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 29
  3. 2023The Intended Uses of Automated Fact-Checking Artefacts: Why, How and Whocited by 19
  4. 2025AVerImaTeC: A Dataset for Automatic Verification of Image-Text Claims with Evidence from the Webcited by 17
  5. 2024Multimodal Large Language Models to Support Real-World Fact-Checkingcited by 13
  6. 2024Large Model based Sequential Keyframe Extraction for Video Summarizationcited by 9
  7. 2024A Multi-Label Dataset of French Fake News: Human and Machine Insightscited by 5

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  1. 2025Beyond Retrieval: Improving Evidence Quality for LLM-based Multimodal Fact-Checking
  2. 2025Towards Automated Fact-Checking of Real-World Claims: Exploring Task Formulation and Assessment with LLMs
  3. 2025Can LLMs extract human-like fine-grained evidence for evidence-based fact-checking?
  4. 2025MultiMind at SemEval-2025 Task 7: Crosslingual Fact-Checked Claim Retrieval via Multi-Source Alignment
  5. 2026Towards Comprehensive Stage-wise Benchmarking of Large Language Models in Fact-Checking
  6. 2023Evidence-based Interpretable Open-domain Fact-checking with Large Language Models
  7. 2026Multimodal Claim Extraction for Fact-Checking
  8. 2024Multimodal Misinformation Detection using Large Vision-Language Models