mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Findings of the NLP4IF-2021 Shared Tasks on Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship Detection

arXiv 2109.12986 ↗First posted 23 Sep 2021cs.CL cs.IR cs.LGcited by 14

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present the results and the main findings of the NLP4IF-2021 shared tasks. Task 1 focused on fighting the COVID-19 infodemic in social media, and it was offered in Arabic, Bulgarian, and English. Given a tweet, it asked to predict whether that tweet contains a verifiable claim, and if so, whether it is likely to be false, is of general interest, is likely to be harmful, and is worthy of manual fact-checking; also, whether it is harmful to society, and whether it requires the attention of policy makers. Task~2 focused on censorship detection, and was offered in Chinese. A total of ten teams submitted systems for task 1, and one team participated in task 2; nine teams also submitted a system description paper. Here, we present the tasks, analyze the results, and discuss the system submissions and the methods they used. Most submissions achieved sizable improvements over several baselines, and the best systems used pre-trained Transformers and ensembles. The data, the scorers and the leaderboards for the tasks are available at http://gitlab.com/NLP4IF/nlp4if-2021.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2021.

Builds on

30 of 63 references.

References · 30

  1. 2020AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understandingcited by 359
  2. 2017Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspectivecited by 334
  3. 2020Revisiting Pre-Trained Models for Chinese Natural Language Processingcited by 262
  4. 2020ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabiccited by 164
  5. 2021Automated Fact-Checking for Assisting Human Fact-Checkerscited by 144
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18 more
  1. 2020Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Armscited by 41
  2. 2020Detecting East Asian Prejudice on Social Mediacited by 40
  3. 2015A Survey on Truth Discoverycited by 36
  4. 2020A large-scale COVID-19 Twitter chatter dataset for open scientific research -- an international collaborationcited by 33
  5. 2021A Survey on Predicting the Factuality and the Bias of News Mediacited by 20
  6. 2020GeoCoV19: A Dataset of Hundreds of Millions of Multilingual COVID-19 Tweets with Location Informationcited by 15
  7. 2020ArCOV19-Rumors: Arabic COVID-19 Twitter Dataset for Misinformation Detectioncited by 15
  8. 2020Large Arabic Twitter Dataset on COVID-19cited by 10
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  14. 2013The Velocity of Censorship: High-Fidelity Detection of Microblog Post Deletionscited by 3
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  18. 2020Linguistic Fingerprints of Internet Censorship: the Case of SinaWeibocited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.

14 papers.

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  1. 2024Claim Detection for Automated Fact-checking: A Survey on Monolingual, Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Researchcited by 35
  2. 2022Overview of the WANLP 2022 Shared Task on Propaganda Detection in Arabiccited by 18
  3. 2022Challenges and Opportunities in Information Manipulation Detection: An Examination of Wartime Russian Mediacited by 10
  4. 2024A Guide to Misinformation Detection Data and Evaluationcited by 10
  5. 2021Adversarial Attacks and Defenses for Social Network Text Processing Applications: Techniques, Challenges and Future Research Directionscited by 4
  6. 2024Monolingual and Multilingual Misinformation Detection for Low-Resource Languages: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
  7. 2022ArCovidVac: Analyzing Arabic Tweets About COVID-19 Vaccinationcited by 3
  8. 2023Toxic language detection: a systematic review of Arabic datasetscited by 3
  9. 2025ViClaim: A Multilingual Multilabel Dataset for Automatic Claim Detection in Videoscited by 3
  10. 2022Cross-lingual Transfer Learning for Check-worthy Claim Identification over Twittercited by 2
  11. 2022Z-Index at CheckThat! Lab 2022: Check-Worthiness Identification on Tweet Textcited by 1
  12. 2026ClaimPT: A Portuguese Dataset of Annotated Claims in News Articlescited by 0
2 more
  1. 2026ContextClaim: A Context-Driven Paradigm for Verifiable Claim Detectioncited by 0
  2. 2026Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Citation Needed Detection on Wikipedia for Lower-Resource Languagescited by 0