mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MuMiN: A Large-Scale Multilingual Multimodal Fact-Checked Misinformation Social Network Dataset

arXiv 2202.11684 ↗First posted 23 Feb 2022cs.LG cs.CL cs.CYcited by 61

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Abstract (arXiv)

Misinformation is becoming increasingly prevalent on social media and in news articles. It has become so widespread that we require algorithmic assistance utilising machine learning to detect such content. Training these machine learning models require datasets of sufficient scale, diversity and quality. However, datasets in the field of automatic misinformation detection are predominantly monolingual, include a limited amount of modalities and are not of sufficient scale and quality. Addressing this, we develop a data collection and linking system (MuMiN-trawl), to build a public misinformation graph dataset (MuMiN), containing rich social media data (tweets, replies, users, images, articles, hashtags) spanning 21 million tweets belonging to 26 thousand Twitter threads, each of which have been semantically linked to 13 thousand fact-checked claims across dozens of topics, events and domains, in 41 different languages, spanning more than a decade. The dataset is made available as a heterogeneous graph via a Python package (mumin). We provide baseline results for two node classification tasks related to the veracity of a claim involving social media, and demonstrate that these are challenging tasks, with the highest macro-average F1-score being 62.55% and 61.45% for the two tasks, respectively. The MuMiN ecosystem is available at https://mumin-dataset.github.io/, including the data, documentation, tutorials and leaderboards.

Key facts. Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Feb 2022.

Builds on

25 of 47 references.

References · 25

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  2. 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 363
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 8; 2024: 12; 2025: 19; 2026: 17.

61 papers.

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  1. 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Modelscited by 107
  2. 2023Scientific Fact-Checking: A Survey of Resources and Approachescited by 54
  3. 2023Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 53
  4. 2024DEFAME: Dynamic Evidence-based FAct-checking with Multimodal Expertscited by 43
  5. 2023VERITE: A Robust Benchmark for Multimodal Misinformation Detection Accounting for Unimodal Biascited by 39
  6. 2024Claim Detection for Automated Fact-checking: A Survey on Monolingual, Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Researchcited by 35
  7. 2025Worse than Zero-shot? A Fact-Checking Dataset for Evaluating the Robustness of RAG Against Misleading Retrievalscited by 28
  8. 2025AVerImaTeC: A Dataset for Automatic Verification of Image-Text Claims with Evidence from the Webcited by 18
  9. 2023Read it Twice: Towards Faithfully Interpretable Fact Verification by Revisiting Evidencecited by 17
  10. 2023FACTIFY3M: A Benchmark for Multimodal Fact Verification with Explainability through 5W Question-Answeringcited by 16
  11. 2022Multi-modal Misinformation Detection: Approaches, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
  12. 2024FactCheck Editor: Multilingual Text Editor with End-to-End fact-checkingcited by 12
38 more
  1. 2024Comparing Knowledge Sources for Open-Domain Scientific Claim Verificationcited by 10
  2. 2024MetaSumPerceiver: Multimodal Multi-Document Evidence Summarization for Fact-Checkingcited by 10
  3. 2025VLDBench Evaluating Multimodal Disinformation with Regulatory Alignmentcited by 9
  4. 2025Beyond Translation: LLM-Based Data Generation for Multilingual Fact-Checkingcited by 8
  5. 2025MultiClaimNet: A Massively Multilingual Dataset of Fact-Checked Claim Clusterscited by 7
  6. 2025M4FC: a Multimodal, Multilingual, Multicultural, Multitask Real-World Fact-Checking Datasetcited by 7
  7. 2024CFEVER: A Chinese Fact Extraction and VERification Datasetcited by 6
  8. 2024FineFake: A Knowledge-Enriched Dataset for Fine-Grained Multi-Domain Fake News Detectioncited by 6
  9. 2026VeriTaS: The First Dynamic Benchmark for Multimodal Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 6
  10. 2026The Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Survey on Large Vision Language Models for Multimodal Fake News Detectioncited by 6
  11. 2023Breaking Language Barriers with MMTweets: Advancing Cross-Lingual Debunked Narrative Retrieval for Fact-Checkingcited by 5
  12. 2024Supporting Human Raters with the Detection of Harmful Content using Large Language Modelscited by 5
  13. 2022MiDe22: An Annotated Multi-Event Tweet Dataset for Misinformation Detectioncited by 4
  14. 2024Cross-Lingual Learning vs. Low-Resource Fine-Tuning: A Case Study with Fact-Checking in Turkishcited by 4
  15. 2024Monolingual and Multilingual Misinformation Detection for Low-Resource Languages: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
  16. 2025T^2Agent A Tool-augmented Multimodal Misinformation Detection Agent with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 4
  17. 2025Unlearning Inversion Attacks for Graph Neural Networkscited by 4
  18. 2022A Modality-level Explainable Framework for Misinformation Checking in Social Networkscited by 3
  19. 2024MMIDR: Teaching Large Language Model to Interpret Multimodal Misinformation via Knowledge Distillationcited by 3
  20. 2023Stand for Something or Fall for Everything: Predict Misinformation Spread with Stance-Aware Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
  21. 2025A Scoping Review of Natural Language Processing in Addressing Medically Inaccurate Information: Errors, Misinformation, and Hallucinationcited by 2
  22. 2025Hierarchical Level-Wise News Article Clustering via Multilingual Matryoshka Embeddingscited by 2
  23. 2025Datasets for Navigating Sensitive Topics in Recommendation Systemscited by 2
  24. 2026BLUFF: Benchmarking the Detection of False and Synthetic Content across 58 Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
  25. 2026RW-Post: Auditable Evidence-Grounded Multimodal Fact-Checking in the Wildcited by 2
  26. 2022Addressing contingency in algorithmic (mis)information classification: Toward a responsible machine learning agendacited by 1
  27. 2025Latent Reconstruction from Generated Data for Multimodal Misinformation Detectioncited by 1
  28. 2025Multilingual vs Crosslingual Retrieval of Fact-Checked Claims: A Tale of Two Approachescited by 1
  29. 2025MisinfoTeleGraph: Network-driven Misinformation Detection for German Telegram Messagescited by 1
  30. 2025Toward a Safer Web: Multilingual Multi-Agent LLMs for Mitigating Adversarial Misinformation Attackscited by 1
  31. 2026MultiCaption: Detecting disinformation using multilingual visual claimscited by 1
  32. 2026Attack by Unlearning: Unlearning-Induced Adversarial Attacks on Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
  33. 2026Reliable News or Propagandist News? A Neurosymbolic Model Using Genre, Topic, and Persuasion Techniques to Improve Robustness in Classificationcited by 1
  34. 2023A Framework for Exploring Federated Community Detectioncited by 0
  35. 2024Unsupervised Optimisation of GNNs for Node Clusteringcited by 0
  36. 2025Exploring Content and Social Connections of Fake News with Explainable Text and Graph Learningcited by 0
  37. 2025AKCIT-FN at CheckThat! 2025: Switching Fine-Tuned SLMs and LLM Prompting for Multilingual Claim Normalizationcited by 0
  38. 2025The Impact of Data Characteristics on GNN Evaluation for Detecting Fake Newscited by 0

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