mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LARP: Language-Agent Role Play for Open-World Games

arXiv 2312.17653 ↗First posted 24 Dec 2023cs.AIcited by 24

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

Language agents have shown impressive problem-solving skills within defined settings and brief timelines. Yet, with the ever-evolving complexities of open-world simulations, there's a pressing need for agents that can flexibly adapt to complex environments and consistently maintain a long-term memory to ensure coherent actions. To bridge the gap between language agents and open-world games, we introduce Language Agent for Role-Playing (LARP), which includes a cognitive architecture that encompasses memory processing and a decision-making assistant, an environment interaction module with a feedback-driven learnable action space, and a postprocessing method that promotes the alignment of various personalities. The LARP framework refines interactions between users and agents, predefined with unique backgrounds and personalities, ultimately enhancing the gaming experience in open-world contexts. Furthermore, it highlights the diverse uses of language models in a range of areas such as entertainment, education, and various simulation scenarios. The project page is released at https://miao-ai-lab.github.io/LARP/.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 47 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Dec 2023.

Builds on

47 of 67 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playing16 Oct
  2. 2023MetaAgents: Large Language Model Based Agents for Decision-Making on Teaming10 Oct
  3. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debate30 May
  4. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior7 Apr

Other references · 43

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  5. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  6. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  7. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  8. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
  9. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  10. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  11. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  12. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
31 more
  1. 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,722
  2. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  3. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  4. 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,084
  5. 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,054
  6. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
  7. 2023Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Modelscited by 550
  8. 2023MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memorycited by 539
  9. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 496
  10. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 422
  11. 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agentscited by 396
  12. 2018TextWorld: A Learning Environment for Text-based Gamescited by 304
  13. 2023Role-Play with Large Language Modelscited by 290
  14. 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
  15. 2023How Abilities in Large Language Models are Affected by Supervised Fine-tuning Data Compositioncited by 222
  16. 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 173
  17. 2019Interactive Fiction Games: A Colossal Adventurecited by 165
  18. 2023Chain of Hindsight Aligns Language Models with Feedbackcited by 147
  19. 2023ChatDB: Augmenting LLMs with Databases as Their Symbolic Memorycited by 136
  20. 2019Learning to Speak and Act in a Fantasy Text Adventure Gamecited by 122
  21. 2023From Word Models to World Models: Translating from Natural Language to the Probabilistic Language of Thoughtcited by 118
  22. 2023AgentSims: An Open-Source Sandbox for Large Language Model Evaluationcited by 86
  23. 2023Octopus: Embodied Vision-Language Programmer from Environmental Feedbackcited by 73
  24. 2023ChatHaruhi: Reviving Anime Character in Reality via Large Language Modelcited by 57
  25. 2023Maybe Only 0.5% Data is Needed: A Preliminary Exploration of Low Training Data Instruction Tuningcited by 56
  26. 2019AlphaStar: An Evolutionary Computation Perspectivecited by 50
  27. 2023GameGPT: Multi-agent Collaborative Framework for Game Developmentcited by 41
  28. 2023Memory Sandbox: Transparent and Interactive Memory Management for Conversational Agentscited by 36
  29. 2020Playing Text-Based Games with Common Sensecited by 21
  30. 2021Pre-trained Language Models as Prior Knowledge for Playing Text-based Gamescited by 21
  31. 2021Reading and Acting while Blindfolded: The Need for Semantics in Text Game Agentscited by 20

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 11; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

24 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 622
  2. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 285
  3. 2025Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systemscited by 125
  4. 2024AriGraph: Learning Knowledge Graph World Models with Episodic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 100
  5. 2025MemoryBench: A Benchmark for Memory and Continual Learning in LLM Systemscited by 56
  6. 2024KARMA: Augmenting Embodied AI Agents with Long-and-short Term Memory Systemscited by 38
  7. 2024Richelieu: Self-Evolving LLM-Based Agents for AI Diplomacycited by 36
  8. 2024IBSEN: Director-Actor Agent Collaboration for Controllable and Interactive Drama Script Generationcited by 35
  9. 2024Emotional RAG: Enhancing Role-Playing Agents through Emotional Retrievalcited by 26
  10. 2024Quantifying and Optimizing Global Faithfulness in Persona-driven Role-playingcited by 17
  11. 2024SurgBox: Agent-Driven Operating Room Sandbox with Surgery Copilotcited by 6
  12. 2025Do Role-Playing Agents Practice What They Preach? Belief-Behavior Consistency in LLM-Based Simulations of Human Trustcited by 6
12 more
  1. 2025STMA: A Spatio-Temporal Memory Agent for Long-Horizon Embodied Task Planningcited by 5
  2. 2024Dynamic Generation of Personalities with Large Language Modelscited by 4
  3. 2024Explaining Decisions of Agents in Mixed-Motive Gamescited by 4
  4. 2026Deriving Character Logic from Storyline as Codified Decision Treescited by 3
  5. 2025Adaptive Testing for LLM-Based Applications: A Diversity-based Approachcited by 1
  6. 2025Capturing Semantic Flow of ML-based Systemscited by 1
  7. 2026Codified Finite-state Machines for Role-playingcited by 1
  8. 2026Mastering PokeGym: Graph-Guided Multimodal Evolution at Test Timecited by 1
  9. 2026EvolvingWorld: An Open-Schema Framework for Co-Evolving Role-Play Agents and World Model in Interactive Literary Worldcited by 1
  10. 2024WHAT-IF: Exploring Branching Narratives by Meta-Prompting Large Language Modelscited by 0
  11. 2025Augmenting Dialog with Think-Aloud Utterances for Modeling Individual Personality Traits by LLMcited by 0
  12. 2026BOOKMARKS: Efficient Active Storyline Memory for Role-playingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Towards a Design Guideline for RPA Evaluation: A Survey of Large Language Model-Based Role-Playing Agents
  2. 2024A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agents
  3. 2025Test-Time-Matching: Decouple Personality, Memory, and Linguistic Style in LLM-based Role-Playing Language Agent
  4. 2025Orak: A Foundational Benchmark for Training and Evaluating LLM Agents on Diverse Video Games
  5. 2026AdaMARP: An Adaptive Multi-Agent Interaction Framework for General Immersive Role-Playing
  6. 2026Role-Playing Agents Driven by Large Language Models: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
  7. 2025Agents Play Thousands of 3D Video Games
  8. 2023Building Open-Ended Embodied Agent via Language-Policy Bidirectional Adaptation