mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GLiNER: Generalist Model for Named Entity Recognition using Bidirectional Transformer

arXiv 2311.08526 ↗First posted 14 Nov 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 84

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Abstract (arXiv)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is essential in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Traditional NER models are effective but limited to a set of predefined entity types. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) can extract arbitrary entities through natural language instructions, offering greater flexibility. However, their size and cost, particularly for those accessed via APIs like ChatGPT, make them impractical in resource-limited scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a compact NER model trained to identify any type of entity. Leveraging a bidirectional transformer encoder, our model, GLiNER, facilitates parallel entity extraction, an advantage over the slow sequential token generation of LLMs. Through comprehensive testing, GLiNER demonstrate strong performance, outperforming both ChatGPT and fine-tuned LLMs in zero-shot evaluations on various NER benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 84 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2023.

Builds on

36 of 70 references.

References · 36

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
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  5. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
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  11. 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,413
  12. 2021DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharingcited by 1,219
24 more
  1. 2022Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Taskscited by 858
  2. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
  3. 2021Cross-Task Generalization via Natural Language Crowdsourcing Instructionscited by 696
  4. 2016Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 548
  5. 2015Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Taggingcited by 544
  6. 2023Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?cited by 486
  7. 2023A Comprehensive Capability Analysis of GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 Series Modelscited by 244
  8. 2022Unified Structure Generation for Universal Information Extractioncited by 220
  9. 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 203
  10. 2019A Unified MRC Framework for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 199
  11. 2023Grammar-Constrained Decoding for Structured NLP Tasks without Finetuningcited by 186
  12. 2023InstructUIE: Multi-task Instruction Tuning for Unified Information Extractioncited by 167
  13. 2021Template-Based Named Entity Recognition Using BARTcited by 153
  14. 2021A Unified Generative Framework for Various NER Subtaskscited by 141
  15. 2023GoLLIE: Annotation Guidelines improve Zero-Shot Information-Extractioncited by 116
  16. 2020CrossNER: Evaluating Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognitioncited by 102
  17. 2019Scalable Zero-shot Entity Linking with Dense Entity Retrievalcited by 85
  18. 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Predictioncited by 55
  19. 2022Generative Knowledge Graph Construction: A Reviewcited by 49
  20. 2023Universal Information Extraction as Unified Semantic Matchingcited by 47
  21. 2020Empirical Analysis of Unlabeled Entity Problem in Named Entity Recognitioncited by 34
  22. 2014POLYGLOT-NER: Massive Multilingual Named Entity Recognitioncited by 32
  23. 2022Named Entity Recognition in Twitter: A Dataset and Analysis on Short-Term Temporal Shiftscited by 27
  24. 2023FindVehicle and VehicleFinder: A NER dataset for natural language-based vehicle retrieval and a keyword-based cross-modal vehicle retrieval systemcited by 15

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 16; 2025: 26; 2026: 41.

84 papers.

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  1. 2023Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Surveycited by 183
  2. 2025SciReplicate-Bench: Benchmarking LLMs in Agent-driven Algorithmic Reproduction from Research Paperscited by 42
  3. 2024NuNER: Entity Recognition Encoder Pre-training via LLM-Annotated Datacited by 34
  4. 20253D CAVLA: Leveraging Depth and 3D Context to Generalize Vision Language Action Models for Unseen Taskscited by 30
  5. 2025Overview of BioASQ 2025: The Thirteenth BioASQ Challenge on Large-Scale Biomedical Semantic Indexing and Question Answeringcited by 11
  6. 2024MedCodER: A Generative AI Assistant for Medical Codingcited by 10
  7. 2025GLiClass: Generalist Lightweight Model for Sequence Classification Taskscited by 9
  8. 2024Towards More Realistic Extraction Attacks: An Adversarial Perspectivecited by 8
  9. 2024HiFi-CS: Towards Open Vocabulary Visual Grounding For Robotic Grasping Using Vision-Language Modelscited by 7
  10. 2024PaDeLLM-NER: Parallel Decoding in Large Language Models for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 6
  11. 2024Show Less, Instruct More: Enriching Prompts with Definitions and Guidelines for Zero-Shot NERcited by 5
  12. 2026Anonymization-Enhanced Privacy Protection for Mobile GUI Agents: Available but Invisiblecited by 5
38 more
  1. 2024Curating Grounded Synthetic Data with Global Perspectives for Equitable AIcited by 4
  2. 2024VGGHeads: 3D Multi Head Alignment with a Large-Scale Synthetic Datasetcited by 4
  3. 2025ANCHOLIK-NER: A Benchmark Dataset for Bangla Regional Named Entity Recognitioncited by 4
  4. 2025CUS-QA: Local-Knowledge-Oriented Open-Ended Question Answering Datasetcited by 4
  5. 2025Beyond Monolingual Assumptions: A Survey of Code-Switched NLP in the Era of Large Language Models across Modalitiescited by 4
  6. 2026The Million-Label NER: Breaking Scale Barriers with GLiNER bi-encodercited by 4
  7. 2024WhisperNER: Unified Open Named Entity and Speech Recognitioncited by 3
  8. 2025GLiNER-BioMed: A Suite of Efficient Models for Open Biomedical Named Entity Recognitioncited by 3
  9. 2025Locate-and-Focus: Enhancing Terminology Translation in Speech Language Modelscited by 3
  10. 2025LegalGuardian: A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Secure Integration of Large Language Models in Legal Practicecited by 2
  11. 2025Named Entity Recognition in Historical Italian: The Case of Giacomo Leopardi's Zibaldonecited by 2
  12. 2026GLiNER2-PII: A Multilingual Model for Personally Identifiable Information Extractioncited by 2
  13. 2024NoiseBench: Benchmarking the Impact of Real Label Noise on Named Entity Recognitioncited by 1
  14. 2024Retrieval-Enhanced Named Entity Recognitioncited by 1
  15. 2024Extracting Information in a Low-resource Setting: Case Study on Bioinformatics Workflowscited by 1
  16. 2025Towards a scalable AI-driven framework for data-independent Cyber Threat Intelligence Information Extractioncited by 1
  17. 2025FewTopNER: Integrating Few-Shot Learning with Topic Modeling and Named Entity Recognition in a Multilingual Frameworkcited by 1
  18. 2025RAVEN: An Agentic Framework for Multimodal Entity Discovery from Large-Scale Video Collectionscited by 1
  19. 2025TrialMatchAI: An End-to-End AI-powered Clinical Trial Recommendation System to Streamline Patient-to-Trial Matchingcited by 1
  20. 2026Privacy Guard & Token Parsimony by Prompt and Context Handling and LLM Routingcited by 1
  21. 2026Pioneer Agent: Continual Improvement of Small Language Models in Productioncited by 1
  22. 2026GLiNER-Relex: A Unified Framework for Joint Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extractioncited by 1
  23. 2026LELA: An End-to-end LLM-based Entity Linking Framework with Zero-shot Domain Adaptationcited by 1
  24. 2026TWIX: a Two-Stage Approach for End-To-End Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extractioncited by 1
  25. 2024Exploring prompts to elicit memorization in masked language model-based named entity recognitioncited by 0
  26. 2024Decoding SEC Actions: Enforcement Trends through Analyzing Blockchain litigation using LLM-based Thematic Factor Mappingcited by 0
  27. 2024SLIMER-IT: Zero-Shot NER on Italian Languagecited by 0
  28. 2024GliLem: Leveraging GliNER for Contextualized Lemmatization in Estoniancited by 0
  29. 2025Large Language Models and Synthetic Data for Monitoring Dataset Mentions in Research Paperscited by 0
  30. 2025NERCat: Fine-Tuning for Enhanced Named Entity Recognition in Catalancited by 0
  31. 2025Scraping the Shadows: Deep Learning Breakthroughs in Dark Web Intelligencecited by 0
  32. 2025Enhancing Hindi NER in Low Context: A Comparative study of Transformer-based models with vs. without Retrieval Augmentationcited by 0
  33. 2025PANER: A Paraphrase-Augmented Framework for Low-Resource Named Entity Recognitioncited by 0
  34. 2025ToMMeR -- Efficient Entity Mention Detection from Large Language Modelscited by 0
  35. 2025Kastor: Fine-tuned Small Language Models for Shape-based Active Relation Extractioncited by 0
  36. 2025DELICATE: Diachronic Entity LInking using Classes And Temporal Evidencecited by 0
  37. 2025MME-RAG: Multi-Manager-Expert Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Fine-Grained Entity Recognition in Task-Oriented Dialoguescited by 0
  38. 2025Extracting Disaster Impacts and Impact Related Locations in Social Media Posts Using Large Language Modelscited by 0

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