mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NeW CRFs: Neural Window Fully-connected CRFs for Monocular Depth Estimation

arXiv 2203.01502 ↗First posted 3 Mar 2022cs.CVcited by 151

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Abstract (arXiv)

Estimating the accurate depth from a single image is challenging since it is inherently ambiguous and ill-posed. While recent works design increasingly complicated and powerful networks to directly regress the depth map, we take the path of CRFs optimization. Due to the expensive computation, CRFs are usually performed between neighborhoods rather than the whole graph. To leverage the potential of fully-connected CRFs, we split the input into windows and perform the FC-CRFs optimization within each window, which reduces the computation complexity and makes FC-CRFs feasible. To better capture the relationships between nodes in the graph, we exploit the multi-head attention mechanism to compute a multi-head potential function, which is fed to the networks to output an optimized depth map. Then we build a bottom-up-top-down structure, where this neural window FC-CRFs module serves as the decoder, and a vision transformer serves as the encoder. The experiments demonstrate that our method significantly improves the performance across all metrics on both the KITTI and NYUv2 datasets, compared to previous methods. Furthermore, the proposed method can be directly applied to panorama images and outperforms all previous panorama methods on the MatterPort3D dataset. Project page: https://weihaosky.github.io/newcrfs.

Key facts. Cited by 151 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2022.

Builds on

28 of 46 references.

References · 28

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  4. 2016DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFscited by 3,239
  5. 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,472
  6. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
  7. 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,354
  8. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  9. 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 721
  10. 2020AdaBins: Depth Estimation using Adaptive Binscited by 596
  11. 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 379
  12. 2019Enforcing geometric constraints of virtual normal for depth predictioncited by 233
16 more
  1. 2020Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Solving the Dynamic Object Problem by Semantic Guidancecited by 148
  2. 2019Pattern-Affinitive Propagation across Depth, Surface Normal and Semantic Segmentationcited by 141
  3. 2014Deep Convolutional Neural Fields for Depth Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 106
  4. 2020HoHoNet: 360 Indoor Holistic Understanding with Latent Horizontal Featurescited by 104
  5. 2018OmniDepth: Dense Depth Estimation for Indoors Spherical Panoramascited by 98
  6. 2020ViP-DeepLab: Learning Visual Perception with Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentationcited by 95
  7. 2021UniFuse: Unidirectional Fusion for 360circ Panorama Depth Estimationcited by 91
  8. 2020Guiding Monocular Depth Estimation Using Depth-Attention Volumecited by 82
  9. 2018Structured Attention Guided Convolutional Neural Fields for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 78
  10. 2020Bidirectional Attention Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 48
  11. 2021Sparse Auxiliary Networks for Unified Monocular Depth Prediction and Completioncited by 39
  12. 2018Monocular Depth Estimation using Multi-Scale Continuous CRFs as Sequential Deep Networkscited by 19
  13. 2021Stereo Matching by Self-supervision of Multiscopic Visioncited by 14
  14. 2019SDNet: Semantically Guided Depth Estimation Networkcited by 11
  15. 2018Reinforcement Learning in Topology-based Representation for Human Body Movement with Whole Arm Manipulationcited by 6
  16. 2021MFuseNet: Robust Depth Estimation with Learned Multiscopic Fusioncited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 37; 2024: 36; 2025: 44; 2026: 26.

151 papers.

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  1. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
  2. 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 375
  3. 2025Video Depth Anything: Consistent Depth Estimation for Super-Long Videoscited by 202
  4. 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 170
  5. 2022BinsFormer: Revisiting Adaptive Bins for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 166
  6. 2024Lotus: Diffusion-based Visual Foundation Model for High-quality Dense Predictioncited by 163
  7. 2022DepthFormer: Exploiting Long-Range Correlation and Local Information for Accurate Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 116
  8. 2022Attention Attention Everywhere: Monocular Depth Prediction with Skip Attentioncited by 92
  9. 2025SpatialTrackerV2: 3D Point Tracking Made Easycited by 84
  10. 2023DiffusionDepth: Diffusion Denoising Approach for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 81
  11. 2024Align3R: Aligned Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Videoscited by 79
  12. 2023SSCBench: A Large-Scale 3D Semantic Scene Completion Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 72
38 more
  1. 2023iDisc: Internal Discretization for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 71
  2. 2023Behind the Scenes: Density Fields for Single View Reconstructioncited by 63
  3. 2025UniK3D: Universal Camera Monocular 3D Estimationcited by 60
  4. 2023VA-DepthNet: A Variational Approach to Single Image Depth Predictioncited by 54
  5. 2023IEBins: Iterative Elastic Bins for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 53
  6. 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
  7. 2023A survey on efficient vision transformers: algorithms, techniques, and performance benchmarkingcited by 41
  8. 2025LBM: Latent Bridge Matching for Fast Image-to-Image Translationcited by 36
  9. 2023Improving Depth Gradient Continuity in Transformers: A Comparative Study on Monocular Depth Estimation with CNNcited by 35
  10. 2024WorDepth: Variational Language Prior for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 34
  11. 2023Uncertainty-aware State Space Transformer for Egocentric 3D Hand Trajectory Forecastingcited by 33
  12. 2023Zero-Shot Metric Depth with a Field-of-View Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 29
  13. 2024Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimation: Overcoming Challenging Conditionscited by 29
  14. 2023Atlantis: Enabling Underwater Depth Estimation with Stable Diffusioncited by 28
  15. 2022DevNet: Self-supervised Monocular Depth Learning via Density Volume Constructioncited by 22
  16. 2023Kick Back & Relax: Learning to Reconstruct the World by Watching SlowTVcited by 21
  17. 2025UniFuture: A 4D Driving World Model for Future Generation and Perceptioncited by 21
  18. 2024RSA: Resolving Scale Ambiguities in Monocular Depth Estimators through Language Descriptionscited by 20
  19. 2025MonSter++: Unified Stereo Matching, Multi-view Stereo, and Real-time Stereo with Monodepth Priorscited by 19
  20. 2025DepthMaster: Taming Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 18
  21. 2023URCDC-Depth: Uncertainty Rectified Cross-Distillation with CutFlip for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 16
  22. 2023EGA-Depth: Efficient Guided Attention for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 16
  23. 2025Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Modelcited by 16
  24. 2024ScaleDepth: Decomposing Metric Depth Estimation into Scale Prediction and Relative Depth Estimationcited by 15
  25. 2023Single Image Depth Prediction Made Better: A Multivariate Gaussian Takecited by 14
  26. 2025Integrating Extra Modality Helps Segmentor Find Camouflaged Objects Wellcited by 14
  27. 2023The RoboDepth Challenge: Methods and Advancements Towards Robust Depth Estimationcited by 13
  28. 2023The Second Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 12
  29. 2023G2-MonoDepth: A General Framework of Generalized Depth Inference from Monocular RGB+X Datacited by 12
  30. 2023MonoDiffusion: Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation Using Diffusion Modelcited by 12
  31. 2024CaFNet: A Confidence-Driven Framework for Radar Camera Depth Estimationcited by 12
  32. 2024DCDepth: Progressive Monocular Depth Estimation in Discrete Cosine Domaincited by 11
  33. 2022SfM-TTR: Using Structure from Motion for Test-Time Refinement of Single-View Depth Networkscited by 10
  34. 2024OV9D: Open-Vocabulary Category-Level 9D Object Pose and Size Estimationcited by 10
  35. 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
  36. 2025Extending Foundational Monocular Depth Estimators to Fisheye Cameras with Calibration Tokenscited by 9
  37. 20233D Former: Monocular Scene Reconstruction with 3D SDF Transformerscited by 8
  38. 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completioncited by 8

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