mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Dynamic Planning with a LLM

arXiv 2308.06391 ↗First posted 11 Aug 2023cs.CL cs.ROcited by 61

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 28 in LLM agents and tool use, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve many NLP tasks in zero-shot settings, applications involving embodied agents remain problematic. In particular, complex plans that require multi-step reasoning become difficult and too costly as the context window grows. Planning requires understanding the likely effects of one's actions and identifying whether the current environment satisfies the goal state. While symbolic planners find optimal solutions quickly, they require a complete and accurate representation of the planning problem, severely limiting their use in practical scenarios. In contrast, modern LLMs cope with noisy observations and high levels of uncertainty when reasoning about a task. Our work presents LLM Dynamic Planner (LLM-DP): a neuro-symbolic framework where an LLM works hand-in-hand with a traditional planner to solve an embodied task. Given action-descriptions, LLM-DP solves Alfworld faster and more efficiently than a naive LLM ReAct baseline.

Key facts. Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2023.

Builds on

20 of 38 references.

References · 20

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  4. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  5. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  6. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
  7. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  8. 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,434
  9. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,332
  10. 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,205
  11. 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 861
  12. 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 603
8 more
  1. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 501
  2. 2023Check Your Facts and Try Again: Improving Large Language Models with External Knowledge and Automated Feedbackcited by 353
  3. 2021Meta-learning via Language Model In-context Tuningcited by 164
  4. 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
  5. 2018PDDLStream: Integrating Symbolic Planners and Blackbox Samplers via Optimistic Adaptive Planningcited by 150
  6. 2023ChatDB: Augmenting LLMs with Databases as Their Symbolic Memorycited by 140
  7. 2023AutoTAMP: Autoregressive Task and Motion Planning with LLMs as Translators and Checkerscited by 113
  8. 2023Coupling Large Language Models with Logic Programming for Robust and General Reasoning from Textcited by 59

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 26; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.

61 papers.

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  1. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,242
  2. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
  3. 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 610
  4. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 429
  5. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 421
  6. 2023FireAct: Toward Language Agent Fine-tuningcited by 256
  7. 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 179
  8. 2024Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interactioncited by 170
  9. 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 162
  10. 2024Empowering Biomedical Discovery with AI Agentscited by 118
  11. 2024Navigating the Risks: A Survey of Security, Privacy, and Ethics Threats in LLM-Based Agentscited by 65
  12. 2024Uncertainty of Thoughts: Uncertainty-Aware Planning Enhances Information Seeking in Large Language Modelscited by 39
38 more
  1. 2024Graph-enhanced Large Language Models in Asynchronous Plan Reasoningcited by 37
  2. 2024Capabilities of Large Language Models in Control Engineering: A Benchmark Study on GPT-4, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini 1.0 Ultracited by 37
  3. 2024Agent-Oriented Planning in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 36
  4. 2024LaMMA-P: Generalizable Multi-Agent Long-Horizon Task Allocation and Planning with LM-Driven PDDL Plannercited by 32
  5. 2023LLMs as Hackers: Autonomous Linux Privilege Escalation Attackscited by 27
  6. 2023Mathematical Language Models: A Surveycited by 24
  7. 2023LLMind: Orchestrating AI and IoT with LLM for Complex Task Executioncited by 24
  8. 2023Conformal Temporal Logic Planning using Large Language Modelscited by 21
  9. 2024Leveraging Environment Interaction for Automated PDDL Translation and Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 17
  10. 2025HyperTree Planning: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Hierarchical Thinkingcited by 14
  11. 2024Benchmarking the Capabilities of Large Language Models in Transportation System Engineering: Accuracy, Consistency, and Reasoning Behaviorscited by 13
  12. 2024A Human-Like Reasoning Framework for Multi-Phases Planning Task with Large Language Modelscited by 12
  13. 2025A Survey on Mathematical Reasoning and Optimization with Large Language Modelscited by 12
  14. 2025SOP-Agent: Empower General Purpose AI Agent with Domain-Specific SOPscited by 11
  15. 2024Professional Agents -- Evolving Large Language Models into Autonomous Experts with Human-Level Competenciescited by 9
  16. 2024Practical Considerations for Agentic LLM Systemscited by 9
  17. 2025Large Language Models Often Say One Thing and Do Anothercited by 8
  18. 2024Integrating Planning into Single-Turn Long-Form Text Generationcited by 7
  19. 2025Adaptive Domain Modeling with Language Models: A Multi-Agent Approach to Task Planningcited by 6
  20. 2024Equitable Access to Justice: Logical LLMs Show Promisecited by 5
  21. 2026Deep Tabular Research via Continual Experience-Driven Executioncited by 5
  22. 2024A Study on Training and Developing Large Language Models for Behavior Tree Generationcited by 4
  23. 2024GRS-QA -- Graph Reasoning-Structured Question Answering Datasetcited by 4
  24. 2025Tru-POMDP: Task Planning Under Uncertainty via Tree of Hypotheses and Open-Ended POMDPscited by 4
  25. 2026TAPE: Tool-Guided Adaptive Planning and Constrained Execution in Language Model Agentscited by 4
  26. 2024FASTNav: Fine-tuned Adaptive Small-language-models Trained for Multi-point Robot Navigationcited by 3
  27. 2024Position Paper: Agent AI Towards a Holistic Intelligencecited by 2
  28. 2024DANA: Domain-Aware Neurosymbolic Agents for Consistency and Accuracycited by 2
  29. 2024Aligning LLM+PDDL Symbolic Plans with Human Objective Specifications through Evolutionary Algorithm Guidancecited by 2
  30. 2025Strategy-Augmented Planning for Large Language Models via Opponent Exploitationcited by 2
  31. 2025L3M+P: Lifelong Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 2
  32. 2025Empowering Real-World: A Survey on the Technology, Practice, and Evaluation of LLM-driven Industry Agentscited by 2
  33. 2026EmboTeam: Grounding LLM Reasoning into Reactive Behavior Trees via PDDL for Embodied Multi-Robot Collaborationcited by 2
  34. 2024Large Language Models, and LLM-Based Agents, Should Be Used to Enhance the Digital Public Spherecited by 1
  35. 2024One STEP at a time: Language Agents are Stepwise Plannerscited by 1
  36. 2025SDA-PLANNER: State-Dependency Aware Adaptive Planner for Embodied Task Planningcited by 1
  37. 2026LAP: A Language-Aware Planning Model For Procedure Planning In Instructional Videoscited by 1
  38. 2026Novelty Adaptation Through Hybrid Large Language Model (LLM)-Symbolic Planning and LLM-guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 1

50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Models
  2. 2025Constrained Natural Language Action Planning for Resilient Embodied Systems
  3. 2026From Language to Action: Can LLM-Based Agents Be Used for Embodied Robot Cognition?
  4. 2025Can LLM-Reasoning Models Replace Classical Planning? A Benchmark Study
  5. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Models
  6. 2024Grounding LLMs For Robot Task Planning Using Closed-loop State Feedback
  7. 2025Learning When to Plan: Efficiently Allocating Test-Time Compute for LLM Agents
  8. 2025Plan Verification for LLM-Based Embodied Task Completion Agents