mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Can LLM-Reasoning Models Replace Classical Planning? A Benchmark Study

arXiv 2507.23589 ↗First posted 31 Jul 2025cs.RO cs.AIcited by 8

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in Large Language Models have sparked interest in their potential for robotic task planning. While these models demonstrate strong generative capabilities, their effectiveness in producing structured and executable plans remains uncertain. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of a broad spectrum of current state of the art language models, each directly prompted using Planning Domain Definition Language domain and problem files, and compares their planning performance with the Fast Downward planner across a variety of benchmarks. In addition to measuring success rates, we assess how faithfully the generated plans translate into sequences of actions that can actually be executed, identifying both strengths and limitations of using these models in this setting. Our findings show that while the models perform well on simpler planning tasks, they continue to struggle with more complex scenarios that require precise resource management, consistent state tracking, and strict constraint compliance. These results underscore fundamental challenges in applying language models to robotic planning in real world environments. By outlining the gaps that emerge during execution, we aim to guide future research toward combined approaches that integrate language models with classical planners in order to enhance the reliability and scalability of planning in autonomous robotics.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 12 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jul 2025.

Builds on

12 of 39 references.

References · 12

  1. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
  2. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
  3. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 501
  4. 2024NATURAL PLAN: Benchmarking LLMs on Natural Language Planningcited by 128
  5. 2024LLMs Still Can't Plan; Can LRMs? A Preliminary Evaluation of OpenAI's o1 on PlanBenchcited by 94
  6. 2024AgentGen: Enhancing Planning Abilities for Large Language Model based Agent via Environment and Task Generationcited by 83
  7. 2024Planetarium: A Rigorous Benchmark for Translating Text to Structured Planning Languagescited by 33
  8. 2023Automating the Generation of Prompts for LLM-based Action Choice in PDDL Planningcited by 24
  9. 2024NL2Plan: Robust LLM-Driven Planning from Minimal Text Descriptionscited by 22
  10. 2024Can We Rely on LLM Agents to Draft Long-Horizon Plans? Let's Take TravelPlanner as an Examplecited by 22
  11. 2024Fast and Accurate Task Planning using Neuro-Symbolic Language Models and Multi-level Goal Decompositioncited by 14
  12. 2024Open Grounded Planning: Challenges and Benchmark Constructioncited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 8.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025A Systematic Study of Large Language Models for Task and Motion Planning With PDDLStream
  2. 2025Using Language Models as Closed-Loop High-Level Planners for Robotics Applications: A Brief Overview and Benchmarks
  3. 2023Translating Natural Language to Planning Goals with Large-Language Models
  4. 2026Agentic LLM Planning via Step-Wise PDDL Simulation: An Empirical Characterisation
  5. 2025One Demo Is All It Takes: Planning Domain Derivation with LLMs from A Single Demonstration
  6. 2025Think Small, Plan Smart: Minimalist Symbolic Abstraction and Heuristic Subspace Search for LLM-Guided Task Planning
  7. 2025Large Language Models for Planning: A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey
  8. 2025Constrained Natural Language Action Planning for Resilient Embodied Systems