mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MiVOLO: Multi-input Transformer for Age and Gender Estimation

arXiv 2307.04616 ↗First posted 10 Jul 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 41

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Abstract (arXiv)

Age and gender recognition in the wild is a highly challenging task: apart from the variability of conditions, pose complexities, and varying image quality, there are cases where the face is partially or completely occluded. We present MiVOLO (Multi Input VOLO), a straightforward approach for age and gender estimation using the latest vision transformer. Our method integrates both tasks into a unified dual input/output model, leveraging not only facial information but also person image data. This improves the generalization ability of our model and enables it to deliver satisfactory results even when the face is not visible in the image. To evaluate our proposed model, we conduct experiments on four popular benchmarks and achieve state-of-the-art performance, while demonstrating real-time processing capabilities. Additionally, we introduce a novel benchmark based on images from the Open Images Dataset. The ground truth annotations for this benchmark have been meticulously generated by human annotators, resulting in high accuracy answers due to the smart aggregation of votes. Furthermore, we compare our model's age recognition performance with human-level accuracy and demonstrate that it significantly outperforms humans across a majority of age ranges. Finally, we grant public access to our models, along with the code for validation and inference. In addition, we provide extra annotations for used datasets and introduce our new benchmark.

Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2023.

Builds on

20 of 46 references.

References · 20

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  2. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  3. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  4. 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
  5. 2017Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semanticscited by 1,345
  6. 2021Going deeper with Image Transformerscited by 759
  7. 2017Age Progression/Regression by Conditional Adversarial Autoencodercited by 426
  8. 2021XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformerscited by 335
  9. 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
  10. 2021VOLO: Vision Outlooker for Visual Recognitioncited by 164
  11. 2021Delving into Deep Imbalanced Regressioncited by 157
  12. 2019Rank consistent ordinal regression for neural networks with application to age estimationcited by 132
8 more
  1. 2022Moving Window Regression: A Novel Approach to Ordinal Regressioncited by 44
  2. 2021FP-Age: Leveraging Face Parsing Attention for Facial Age Estimation in the Wildcited by 20
  3. 2018Fine-Grained Age Estimation in the wild with Attention LSTM Networkscited by 18
  4. 2020Investigating Bias in Deep Face Analysis: The KANFace Dataset and Empirical Studycited by 18
  5. 2020Deep Ordinal Regression with Label Diversitycited by 17
  6. 2020Age and Gender Prediction From Face Images Using Attentional Convolutional Networkcited by 6
  7. 2020Deep Ordinal Regression using Optimal Transport Loss and Unimodal Output Probabilitiescited by 5
  8. 2021Generalizing MLPs With Dropouts, Batch Normalization, and Skip Connectionscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 11; 2025: 19; 2026: 10.

41 papers.

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  1. 2024FaceXFormer: A Unified Transformer for Facial Analysiscited by 34
  2. 2024Face-MLLM: A Large Face Perception Modelcited by 11
  3. 2024Beyond Specialization: Assessing the Capabilities of MLLMs in Age and Gender Estimationcited by 9
  4. 2024Image-Perfect Imperfections: Safety, Bias, and Authenticity in the Shadow of Text-To-Image Model Evolutioncited by 7
  5. 2025FaVChat: Hierarchical Prompt-Query Guided Facial Video Understanding with Data-Efficient GRPOcited by 6
  6. 2026Out of the box age estimation through facial imagery: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Vision-Language Models vs. out-of-the-box Traditional Architecturescited by 5
  7. 2023Identifying Drivers of Predictive Aleatoric Uncertaintycited by 4
  8. 2024Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Demographic Inference with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 4
  9. 2025Do Existing Testing Tools Really Uncover Gender Bias in Text-to-Image Models?cited by 4
  10. 2025On the rankability of visual embeddingscited by 4
  11. 2024Human Pose Descriptions and Subject-Focused Attention for Improved Zero-Shot Transfer in Human-Centric Classification Taskscited by 3
  12. 2024HaGRIDv2: 1M Images for Static and Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognitioncited by 3
29 more
  1. 2024GroupFace: Imbalanced Age Estimation Based on Multi-hop Attention Graph Convolutional Network and Group-aware Margin Optimizationcited by 3
  2. 2025From Cradle to Cane: A Two-Pass Framework for High-Fidelity Lifespan Face Agingcited by 3
  3. 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  4. 2025Towards Metric-Aware Multi-Person Mesh Recovery by Jointly Optimizing Human Crowd in Camera Spacecited by 3
  5. 2024Ranking-aware adapter for text-driven image ordering with CLIPcited by 2
  6. 2025FaceInsight: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Face Perceptioncited by 2
  7. 2025Logos as a Well-Tempered Pre-train for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 2
  8. 2025A Manually Annotated Image-Caption Dataset for Detecting Children in the Wildcited by 2
  9. 2025Underage Detection through a Multi-Task and MultiAge Approach for Screening Minors in Unconstrained Imagerycited by 2
  10. 2026VIBE: Visual Instruction Based Editorcited by 2
  11. 2024Enhancing User-Centric Privacy Protection: An Interactive Framework through Diffusion Models and Machine Unlearningcited by 1
  12. 2025LRA-GNN: Latent Relation-Aware Graph Neural Network with Initial and Dynamic Residual for Facial Age Estimationcited by 1
  13. 2025Evaluating Facial Expression Recognition Datasets for Deep Learning: A Benchmark Study with Novel Similarity Metricscited by 1
  14. 2025ExpertGen: Training-Free Expert Guidance for Controllable Text-to-Face Generationcited by 1
  15. 2025Overcoming Occlusions in the Wild: A Multi-Task Age Head Approach to Age Estimationcited by 1
  16. 2026Evaluating Epistemic Uncertainty: Beyond OOD Detection and Active Learningcited by 1
  17. 2024Bukva: Russian Sign Language Alphabetcited by 0
  18. 2025DIPSER: A Dataset for In-Person Student Engagement Recognition in the Wildcited by 0
  19. 2025Foundation Artificial Intelligence Models for Health Recognition Using Face Photographs (FAHR-Face)cited by 0
  20. 2025Bridging the gap in FER: addressing age bias in deep learningcited by 0
  21. 2025DiffClean: Diffusion-based Makeup Removal for Accurate Age Estimationcited by 0
  22. 2025Integrating ConvNeXt and Vision Transformers for Enhancing Facial Age Estimationcited by 0
  23. 2026Can a Teenager Fool an AI? Evaluating Low-Cost Cosmetic Attacks on Age Estimation Systemscited by 0
  24. 2026A Backbone Benchmarking Study on Self-supervised Learning as a Auxiliary Task with Texture-based Local Descriptors for Face Analysiscited by 0
  25. 2026When a Zero-Shooter Cheats: Improving Age Estimation via Activation Steeringcited by 0
  26. 2026Self-Review Reinforcement Learning (SRRL) with Cross-Episode Memory and Policy Distillationcited by 0
  27. 2026Face Age Verification Vulnerabilities Under Simple Appearance Manipulationscited by 0
  28. 2026Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Combating Child Labour: A Real-Time Edge Vision Pipeline for Child Detection and Age Estimationcited by 0
  29. 2026Facial Age Estimation for Age Fraud Detection in National ID Systemscited by 0