mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Hierarchical Integration Diffusion Model for Realistic Image Deblurring

arXiv 2305.12966 ↗First posted 22 May 2023cs.CVcited by 87

On the map: Diffusion models → Inverse problems and image restoration

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently been introduced in image deblurring and exhibited promising performance, particularly in terms of details reconstruction. However, the diffusion model requires a large number of inference iterations to recover the clean image from pure Gaussian noise, which consumes massive computational resources. Moreover, the distribution synthesized by the diffusion model is often misaligned with the target results, leading to restrictions in distortion-based metrics. To address the above issues, we propose the Hierarchical Integration Diffusion Model (HI-Diff), for realistic image deblurring. Specifically, we perform the DM in a highly compacted latent space to generate the prior feature for the deblurring process. The deblurring process is implemented by a regression-based method to obtain better distortion accuracy. Meanwhile, the highly compact latent space ensures the efficiency of the DM. Furthermore, we design the hierarchical integration module to fuse the prior into the regression-based model from multiple scales, enabling better generalization in complex blurry scenarios. Comprehensive experiments on synthetic and real-world blur datasets demonstrate that our HI-Diff outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/zhengchen1999/HI-Diff.

Key facts. Cited by 87 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Inverse problems and image restoration, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 40 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.

Builds on

40 of 56 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Inversion by Direct Iteration: An Alternative to Denoising Diffusion for Image Restoration20 Mar
  2. 2023DiffIR: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Restoration16 Mar
  3. 2022Zero-Shot Image Restoration Using Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Model1 Dec
  4. 2022JPEG Artifact Correction using Denoising Diffusion Restoration Models23 Sep
  5. 2022Denoising Diffusion Restoration Models27 Jan
  6. 2021Deblurring via Stochastic Refinement5 Dec
  7. 2021SRDiff: Single Image Super-Resolution with Diffusion Probabilistic Models30 Apr

Other references · 33

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  5. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  6. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  7. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  8. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  9. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  10. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  11. 2016Density estimation using Real NVPcited by 2,029
  12. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
21 more
  1. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
  2. 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
  3. 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 813
  4. 2016Deep Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network for Dynamic Scene Deblurringcited by 722
  5. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  6. 2017DeblurGAN: Blind Motion Deblurring Using Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 366
  7. 2019DeblurGAN-v2: Deblurring (Orders-of-Magnitude) Faster and Bettercited by 361
  8. 2018Scale-recurrent Network for Deep Image Deblurringcited by 332
  9. 2021Rethinking Coarse-to-Fine Approach in Single Image Deblurringcited by 324
  10. 2021HINet: Half Instance Normalization Network for Image Restorationcited by 236
  11. 2019Deep Stacked Hierarchical Multi-patch Network for Image Deblurringcited by 205
  12. 2020Deblurring by Realistic Blurringcited by 187
  13. 2020Human-Aware Motion Deblurringcited by 174
  14. 2022Efficient Frequency Domain-based Transformers for High-Quality Image Deblurringcited by 164
  15. 2022Stripformer: Strip Transformer for Fast Image Deblurringcited by 139
  16. 2020Defocus Deblurring Using Dual-Pixel Datacited by 138
  17. 2020Spatially-Attentive Patch-Hierarchical Network for Adaptive Motion Deblurringcited by 119
  18. 2019Multi-Temporal Recurrent Neural Networks For Progressive Non-Uniform Single Image Deblurring With Incremental Temporal Trainingcited by 112
  19. 2021Spatially-Adaptive Image Restoration using Distortion-Guided Networkscited by 77
  20. 2014Learning to Deblurcited by 66
  21. 2021BANet: Blur-aware Attention Networks for Dynamic Scene Deblurringcited by 44

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 9; 2024: 28; 2025: 29; 2026: 21.

87 papers.

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  1. 2024Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wildcited by 281
  2. 2024Diffusion Model-Based Image Editing: A Surveycited by 212
  3. 2023Diffusion Models for Image Restoration and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 108
  4. 2023Intelligent Grimm -- Open-ended Visual Storytelling via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 76
  5. 2024Diffusion Models in Low-Level Vision: A Surveycited by 73
  6. 2023Reti-Diff: Illumination Degradation Image Restoration with Retinex-based Latent Diffusion Modelcited by 69
  7. 2023ConsistNet: Enforcing 3D Consistency for Multi-view Images Diffusioncited by 65
  8. 2024Diffusion Models, Image Super-Resolution And Everything: A Surveycited by 63
  9. 2024Perceive-IR: Learning to Perceive Degradation Better for All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 60
  10. 2024A Survey on All-in-One Image Restoration: Taxonomy, Evaluation and Future Trendscited by 58
  11. 2024An Intelligent Agentic System for Complex Image Restoration Problemscited by 41
  12. 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
38 more
  1. 2025Vision-Language Gradient Descent-driven All-in-One Deep Unfolding Networkscited by 37
  2. 2024Rethinking Diffusion Model for Multi-Contrast MRI Super-Resolutioncited by 29
  3. 2024BetterDepth: Plug-and-Play Diffusion Refiner for Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 28
  4. 2023ID-Blau: Image Deblurring by Implicit Diffusion-based reBLurring AUgmentationcited by 20
  5. 2024Motion-adaptive Separable Collaborative Filters for Blind Motion Deblurringcited by 20
  6. 2024Binarized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
  7. 2025BARD-GS: Blur-Aware Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes via Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
  8. 2025PolarFree: Polarization-based Reflection-free Imagingcited by 18
  9. 2024CascadedGaze: Efficiency in Global Context Extraction for Image Restorationcited by 16
  10. 2024Generating Content for HDR Deghosting from Frequency Viewcited by 14
  11. 2025DiET-GS: Diffusion Prior and Event Stream-Assisted Motion Deblurring 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 14
  12. 2024Overcoming False Illusions in Real-World Face Restoration with Multi-Modal Guided Diffusion Modelcited by 12
  13. 2024Rethinking Video Deblurring with Wavelet-Aware Dynamic Transformer and Diffusion Modelcited by 11
  14. 2025Frequency Domain-Based Diffusion Model for Unpaired Image Dehazingcited by 11
  15. 2025One-Step Diffusion Model for Image Motion-Deblurringcited by 9
  16. 2023Generative AIBIM: An automatic and intelligent structural design pipeline integrating BIM and generative AIcited by 8
  17. 2025DeblurDiff: Real-World Image Deblurring with Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  18. 2025Acquire and then Adapt: Squeezing out Text-to-Image Model for Image Restorationcited by 8
  19. 2025Unleashing the Potential of the Semantic Latent Space in Diffusion Models for Image Dehazingcited by 8
  20. 2023Latent Diffusion Prior Enhanced Deep Unfolding for Snapshot Spectral Compressive Imagingcited by 7
  21. 2025TaxaDiffusion: Progressively Trained Diffusion Model for Fine-Grained Species Generationcited by 7
  22. 2025EvoIR: Towards All-in-One Image Restoration via Evolutionary Frequency Modulationcited by 7
  23. 2024Prompt Tuning with Diffusion for Few-Shot Pre-trained Policy Generalizationcited by 6
  24. 2023Conditional Variational Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  25. 2025HAODiff: Human-Aware One-Step Diffusion via Dual-Prompt Guidancecited by 5
  26. 2025Kernel Density Steering: Inference-Time Scaling via Mode Seeking for Image Restorationcited by 5
  27. 2025Enhancing Diffusion Model Stability for Image Restoration via Gradient Managementcited by 5
  28. 2025BlurDM: A Blur Diffusion Model for Image Deblurringcited by 5
  29. 2026QualiTeacher: Quality-Conditioned Pseudo-Labeling for Real-World Image Restorationcited by 5
  30. 2024RaFE: Generative Radiance Fields Restorationcited by 4
  31. 2024Deep Joint Unrolling for Deblurring and Low-Light Image Enhancement (JUDE)cited by 4
  32. 2025FideDiff: Efficient Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Image Motion Deblurringcited by 4
  33. 2025ClusIR: Towards Cluster-Guided All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 4
  34. 2024LIPT: Latency-aware Image Processing Transformercited by 3
  35. 2025EventDiff: A Unified and Efficient Diffusion Model Framework for Event-based Video Frame Interpolationcited by 3
  36. 2025Fast and Accurate Image Restoration and Generation with Rank Enhanced Linear Attentioncited by 3
  37. 2025TreeQ: Pushing the Quantization Boundary of Diffusion Transformer via Tree-Structured Mixed-Precision Searchcited by 3
  38. 2025Generative Refocusing: Flexible Defocus Control from a Single Imagecited by 3

50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)

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  1. 2022Multiscale Structure Guided Diffusion for Image Deblurring
  2. 2024DIVD: Deblurring with Improved Video Diffusion Model
  3. 2025Unpaired Deblurring via Decoupled Diffusion Model
  4. 2024Taming Diffusion Models for Image Restoration: A Review
  5. 2023A Unified Conditional Framework for Diffusion-based Image Restoration
  6. 2022Progressive Deblurring of Diffusion Models for Coarse-to-Fine Image Synthesis
  7. 2024Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Restoration by Residual Shifting
  8. 2023Residual Denoising Diffusion Models