Prompt Tuning with Diffusion for Few-Shot Pre-trained Policy Generalization
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Diffusion and flow policies for offline RL
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods harness previous experiences to derive an optimal policy, forming the foundation for pre-trained large-scale models (PLMs). When encountering tasks not seen before, PLMs often utilize several expert trajectories as prompts to expedite their adaptation to new requirements. Though a range of prompt-tuning methods have been proposed to enhance the quality of prompts, these methods often face optimization restrictions due to prompt initialization, which can significantly constrain the exploration domain and potentially lead to suboptimal solutions. To eliminate the reliance on the initial prompt, we shift our perspective towards the generative model, framing the prompt-tuning process as a form of conditional generative modeling, where prompts are generated from random noise. Our innovation, the Prompt Diffuser, leverages a conditional diffusion model to produce prompts of exceptional quality. Central to our framework is the approach to trajectory reconstruction and the meticulous integration of downstream task guidance during the training phase. Further experimental results underscore the potency of the Prompt Diffuser as a robust and effective tool for the prompt-tuning process, demonstrating strong performance in the meta-RL tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for offline RL, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 43 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2024.
Builds on
43 of 45 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2023MetaDiffuser: Diffusion Model as Conditional Planner for Offline Meta-RL31 May
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Imitation Learning using Score-based Diffusion Policies5 Apr
- 2022Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision-Making?28 Nov
- 2022Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning12 Aug
Other references · 39
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,885
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,288
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,915
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,795
- 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,761
- 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,417
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,333
27 more
- 2021Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2,281
- 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,234
- 2019Similarity of Neural Network Representations Revisitedcited by 1,755
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,546
- 2022Conditional Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,433
- 2020Gradient Surgery for Multi-Task Learningcited by 1,256
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,204
- 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,061
- 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,027
- 2022A Generalist Agentcited by 808
- 2023Imitating Human Behaviour with Diffusion Modelscited by 263
- 2021PPT: Pre-trained Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Learningcited by 232
- 2022Multi-Game Decision Transformerscited by 214
- 2023Diverse Data Augmentation with Diffusions for Effective Test-time Prompt Tuningcited by 154
- 2022Prompting Decision Transformer for Few-Shot Policy Generalizationcited by 146
- 2023Diffusion Model is an Effective Planner and Data Synthesizer for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learningcited by 115
- 2020Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning with Advantage Weightingcited by 93
- 2023Hierarchical Integration Diffusion Model for Realistic Image Deblurringcited by 88
- 2023Towards Faster Non-Asymptotic Convergence for Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 85
- 2023Intelligent Grimm -- Open-ended Visual Storytelling via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 77
- 2024Learning Multi-Agent Communication from Graph Modeling Perspectivecited by 48
- 2022On Transforming Reinforcement Learning by Transformer: The Development Trajectorycited by 36
- 2023Hyper-Decision Transformer for Efficient Online Policy Adaptationcited by 33
- 2024Q-value Regularized Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
- 2023Graph Decision Transformercited by 20
- 2023Prompt-Tuning Decision Transformer with Preference Rankingcited by 19
- 2024HarmoDT: Harmony Multi-Task Decision Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2025Mechanistic Finetuning of Vision-Language-Action Models via Few-Shot Demonstrationscited by 15
- 2025Prompt Tuning Decision Transformers with Structured and Scalable Banditscited by 2
- 2025Analytic Energy-Guided Policy Optimization for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2024Continual Task Learning through Adaptive Policy Self-Compositioncited by 1
- 2025Prompt-Tuning Bandits: Enabling Few-Shot Generalization for Efficient Multi-Task Offline RLcited by 0
- 2026Alignment-Guided Flow Transformer for Efficient Vision-Language-Action Policy Learningcited by 0
- 2026Alignment-Guided Flow Transformer for Efficient Vision-Language-Action Policy Learning28 Sep 2026
- 2025Mechanistic Finetuning of Vision-Language-Action Models via Few-Shot Demonstrations27 Nov 2025
- 2025Analytic Energy-Guided Policy Optimization for Offline Reinforcement Learning3 May 2025
- 2025Prompt-Tuning Bandits: Enabling Few-Shot Generalization for Efficient Multi-Task Offline RL10 Feb 2025
- 2025Prompt Tuning Decision Transformers with Structured and Scalable Bandits7 Feb 2025
- 2024Continual Task Learning through Adaptive Policy Self-Composition18 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025LLM-Driven Policy Diffusion: Enhancing Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Prior-Guided Diffusion Planning for Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2025PromptLoop: Plug-and-Play Prompt Refinement via Latent Feedback for Diffusion Model Alignment
- 2024Simple Hierarchical Planning with Diffusion
- 2024Diffusion Models as Optimizers for Efficient Planning in Offline RL
- 2024Pre-trained Language Models Improve the Few-shot Prompt Ability of Decision Transformer
- 2024Learning from Random Demonstrations: Offline Reinforcement Learning with Importance-Sampled Diffusion Models
- 2022Offline Reinforcement Learning via High-Fidelity Generative Behavior Modeling