Self-restrained Triplet Loss for Accurate Masked Face Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Using the face as a biometric identity trait is motivated by the contactless nature of the capture process and the high accuracy of the recognition algorithms. After the current COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has been imposed in public places to keep the pandemic under control. However, face occlusion due to wearing a mask presents an emerging challenge for face recognition systems. In this paper, we present a solution to improve masked face recognition performance. Specifically, we propose the Embedding Unmasking Model (EUM) operated on top of existing face recognition models. We also propose a novel loss function, the Self-restrained Triplet (SRT), which enabled the EUM to produce embeddings similar to these of unmasked faces of the same identities. The achieved evaluation results on three face recognition models, two real masked datasets, and two synthetically generated masked face datasets proved that our proposed approach significantly improves the performance in most experimental settings.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2021.
Builds on
14 of 35 references.
References · 14
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2017VGGFace2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and agecited by 911
- 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
- 2016MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognitioncited by 621
- 2018MobileFaceNets: Efficient CNNs for Accurate Real-Time Face Verification on Mobile Devicescited by 180
- 2019Occlusion Robust Face Recognition Based on Mask Learning with PairwiseDifferential Siamese Networkcited by 51
- 2020Masked Face Recognition for Secure Authenticationcited by 47
- 2020The Effect of Wearing a Mask on Face Recognition Performance: an Exploratory Studycited by 26
- 2014Nuclear Norm based Matrix Regression with Applications to Face Recognition with Occlusion and Illumination Changescited by 19
2 more
- 2016Grid Loss: Detecting Occluded Facescited by 17
- 2019Triplet Distillation for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 10; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
32 papers.
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- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2024Facilitating Multi-turn Function Calling for LLMs via Compositional Instruction Tuningcited by 40
- 2021MixFaceNets: Extremely Efficient Face Recognition Networkscited by 36
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
- 2021Robust Physical-World Attacks on Face Recognitioncited by 26
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competitioncited by 23
- 2022Fairness in Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 13
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 10
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
- 2021Mask-invariant Face Recognition through Template-level Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
- 2022Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Surveycited by 9
20 more
- 2021My Eyes Are Up Here: Promoting Focus on Uncovered Regions in Masked Face Recognitioncited by 7
- 2021The Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Face Image Qualitycited by 7
- 2022OCFR 2022: Competition on Occluded Face Recognition From Synthetically Generated Structure-Aware Occlusionscited by 7
- 2022Towards Explaining Demographic Bias through the Eyes of Face Recognition Modelscited by 7
- 2023EFaR 2023: Efficient Face Recognition Competitioncited by 7
- 2022A Survey on Masked Facial Detection Methods and Datasets for Fighting Against COVID-19cited by 5
- 2022Octuplet Loss: Make Face Recognition Robust to Image Resolutioncited by 5
- 2024A Survey on Drowsiness Detection -- Modern Applications and Methodscited by 4
- 2021Prototype Memory for Large-scale Face Representation Learningcited by 3
- 2022A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Eracited by 3
- 2022Masked Faces with Faced Maskscited by 2
- 2024TetraLoss: Improving the Robustness of Face Recognition against Morphing Attackscited by 2
- 2023SMC-NCA: Semantic-guided Multi-level Contrast for Semi-supervised Temporal Action Segmentationcited by 1
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmaskingcited by 1
- 2024Local and Global Feature Attention Fusion Network for Face Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022Metric Learning as a Service with Covariance Embeddingcited by 0
- 2025Reconciling Attribute and Structural Anomalies for Improved Graph Anomaly Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Masked Face Recognition under Different Backbonescited by 0
- 2026Maintaining Difficulty: A Margin Scheduler for Triplet Loss in Siamese Networks Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Attention-Guided Efficientnet Architecture For Precise Criminal Identification in Surveillance Imagescited by 0
- 2026Attention-Guided Efficientnet Architecture For Precise Criminal Identification in Surveillance Images3 Jul 2026
- 2026Maintaining Difficulty: A Margin Scheduler for Triplet Loss in Siamese Networks Training27 Mar 2026
- 2026Masked Face Recognition under Different Backbones23 Jan 2026
- 2025Reconciling Attribute and Structural Anomalies for Improved Graph Anomaly Detection30 Jun 2025
- 2024Local and Global Feature Attention Fusion Network for Face Recognition25 Nov 2024
- 2024Facilitating Multi-turn Function Calling for LLMs via Compositional Instruction Tuning16 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey on Drowsiness Detection -- Modern Applications and Methods23 Aug 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmasking9 May 2024
- 2024TetraLoss: Improving the Robustness of Face Recognition against Morphing Attacks21 Jan 2024
- 2023SMC-NCA: Semantic-guided Multi-level Contrast for Semi-supervised Temporal Action Segmentation19 Dec 2023
- 2023EFaR 2023: Efficient Face Recognition Competition8 Aug 2023
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognition30 Apr 2023
20 more
- 2022Metric Learning as a Service with Covariance Embedding28 Nov 2022
- 2022A Survey on Computer Vision based Human Analysis in the COVID-19 Era7 Nov 2022
- 2022Fairness in Face Presentation Attack Detection19 Sep 2022
- 2022Towards Explaining Demographic Bias through the Eyes of Face Recognition Models29 Aug 2022
- 2022OCFR 2022: Competition on Occluded Face Recognition From Synthetically Generated Structure-Aware Occlusions4 Aug 2022
- 2022Octuplet Loss: Make Face Recognition Robust to Image Resolution14 Jul 2022
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Data21 Jun 2022
- 2022Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Survey29 Mar 2022
- 2022Masked Faces with Faced Masks17 Jan 2022
- 2022A Survey on Masked Facial Detection Methods and Datasets for Fighting Against COVID-1913 Jan 2022
- 2021Mask-invariant Face Recognition through Template-level Knowledge Distillation10 Dec 2021
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofing24 Nov 2021
- 2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detection8 Nov 2021
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognition28 Oct 2021
- 2021The Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Face Image Quality21 Oct 2021
- 2021Robust Physical-World Attacks on Face Recognition20 Sep 2021
- 2021My Eyes Are Up Here: Promoting Focus on Uncovered Regions in Masked Face Recognition2 Aug 2021
- 2021MixFaceNets: Extremely Efficient Face Recognition Networks27 Jul 2021
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competition29 Jun 2021
- 2021Prototype Memory for Large-scale Face Representation Learning5 May 2021
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2021MixFaceNets: Extremely Efficient Face Recognition Networkscited by 36
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
- 2021Robust Physical-World Attacks on Face Recognitioncited by 26
- 2021MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competitioncited by 23
- 2022Fairness in Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 13
- 2021FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 10
- 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
- 2021Mask-invariant Face Recognition through Template-level Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
- 2022Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Surveycited by 9
- 2021My Eyes Are Up Here: Promoting Focus on Uncovered Regions in Masked Face Recognitioncited by 7
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026Attention-Guided Efficientnet Architecture For Precise Criminal Identification in Surveillance Images3 Jul 2026
- 2026Maintaining Difficulty: A Margin Scheduler for Triplet Loss in Siamese Networks Training27 Mar 2026
- 2026Masked Face Recognition under Different Backbones23 Jan 2026
- 2025Reconciling Attribute and Structural Anomalies for Improved Graph Anomaly Detection30 Jun 2025
- 2024Local and Global Feature Attention Fusion Network for Face Recognition25 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Drowsiness Detection -- Modern Applications and Methods23 Aug 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Masked Faces: Recognition, Detection, and Unmasking9 May 2024
- 2024TetraLoss: Improving the Robustness of Face Recognition against Morphing Attacks21 Jan 2024
- 2023SMC-NCA: Semantic-guided Multi-level Contrast for Semi-supervised Temporal Action Segmentation19 Dec 2023
- 2023EFaR 2023: Efficient Face Recognition Competition8 Aug 2023
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognition30 Apr 2023
- 2022Metric Learning as a Service with Covariance Embedding28 Nov 2022
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)