Contrastive Language, Action, and State Pre-training for Robot Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we introduce a method for unifying language, action, and state information in a shared embedding space to facilitate a range of downstream tasks in robot learning. Our method, Contrastive Language, Action, and State Pre-training (CLASP), extends the CLIP formulation by incorporating distributional learning, capturing the inherent complexities and one-to-many relationships in behaviour-text alignment. By employing distributional outputs for both text and behaviour encoders, our model effectively associates diverse textual commands with a single behaviour and vice-versa. We demonstrate the utility of our method for the following downstream tasks: zero-shot text-behaviour retrieval, captioning unseen robot behaviours, and learning a behaviour prior for language-conditioned reinforcement learning. Our distributional encoders exhibit superior retrieval and captioning performance on unseen datasets, and the ability to generate meaningful exploratory behaviours from textual commands, capturing the intricate relationships between language, action, and state. This work represents an initial step towards developing a unified pre-trained model for robotics, with the potential to generalise to a broad range of downstream tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2023.
Builds on
29 of 36 references.
References · 29
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17 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2023SayPlan: Grounding Large Language Models using 3D Scene Graphs for Scalable Robot Task Planningcited by 289
- 2024Multimodal Diffusion Transformer: Learning Versatile Behavior from Multimodal Goalscited by 131
- 2025Contrastive Representation Regularization for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 16
- 2023UniTeam: Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation Challengecited by 15
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Datasetcited by 13
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Language-Guided Abstractioncited by 11
- 2023Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AIcited by 8
- 2023Language-Conditioned Semantic Search-Based Policy for Robotic Manipulation Taskscited by 5
- 2024Natural Language as Policies: Reasoning for Coordinate-Level Embodied Control with LLMscited by 4
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Datasetcited by 3
- 2025Grounding Language Models with Semantic Digital Twins for Robotic Planningcited by 2
- 2026FOCA: Future-Oriented Conditioning for Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Adaptationcited by 2
- 2026FOCA: Future-Oriented Conditioning for Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Adaptation18 Jun 2026
- 2026TeNet: Text-to-Network for Compact Policy Synthesis22 Jan 2026
- 2025Contrastive Representation Regularization for Vision-Language-Action Models2 Oct 2025
- 2025DesignCLIP: Multimodal Learning with CLIP for Design Patent Understanding21 Aug 2025
- 2025Grounding Language Models with Semantic Digital Twins for Robotic Planning19 Jun 2025
- 2024STEVE-Audio: Expanding the Goal Conditioning Modalities of Embodied Agents in Minecraft1 Dec 2024
- 2024Multimodal Diffusion Transformer: Learning Versatile Behavior from Multimodal Goals8 Jul 2024
- 2024Natural Language as Policies: Reasoning for Coordinate-Level Embodied Control with LLMs20 Mar 2024
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Language-Guided Abstraction5 Feb 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Dataset29 Jan 2024
- 2023Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AI17 Dec 2023
- 2023UniTeam: Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation Challenge14 Dec 2023
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Datasetcited by 13
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Language-Guided Abstractioncited by 11
- 2023Language-Conditioned Semantic Search-Based Policy for Robotic Manipulation Taskscited by 5
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Datasetcited by 3
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Language-Guided Abstraction5 Feb 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Dataset29 Jan 2024
- 2023Language-Conditioned Semantic Search-Based Policy for Robotic Manipulation Tasks10 Dec 2023
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Dataset15 Jun 2023
- 2023SayPlan: Grounding Large Language Models using 3D Scene Graphs for Scalable Robot Task Planningcited by 289
- 2023UniTeam: Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation Challengecited by 15
- 2023Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AIcited by 8
- 2025Grounding Language Models with Semantic Digital Twins for Robotic Planningcited by 2
- 2025DesignCLIP: Multimodal Learning with CLIP for Design Patent Understandingcited by 0
- 2026TeNet: Text-to-Network for Compact Policy Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026TeNet: Text-to-Network for Compact Policy Synthesis22 Jan 2026
- 2025DesignCLIP: Multimodal Learning with CLIP for Design Patent Understanding21 Aug 2025
- 2025Grounding Language Models with Semantic Digital Twins for Robotic Planning19 Jun 2025
- 2023Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AI17 Dec 2023
- 2023UniTeam: Open Vocabulary Mobile Manipulation Challenge14 Dec 2023
- 2023SayPlan: Grounding Large Language Models using 3D Scene Graphs for Scalable Robot Task Planning12 Jul 2023