mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Towards Unified Scene Text Spotting based on Sequence Generation

arXiv 2304.03435 ↗First posted 7 Apr 2023cs.CVcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

Sequence generation models have recently made significant progress in unifying various vision tasks. Although some auto-regressive models have demonstrated promising results in end-to-end text spotting, they use specific detection formats while ignoring various text shapes and are limited in the maximum number of text instances that can be detected. To overcome these limitations, we propose a UNIfied scene Text Spotter, called UNITS. Our model unifies various detection formats, including quadrilaterals and polygons, allowing it to detect text in arbitrary shapes. Additionally, we apply starting-point prompting to enable the model to extract texts from an arbitrary starting point, thereby extracting more texts beyond the number of instances it was trained on. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Further analysis shows that UNITS can extract a larger number of texts than it was trained on. We provide the code for our method at https://github.com/clovaai/units.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2023.

Builds on

36 of 43 references.

References · 36

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  4. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  5. 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
  6. 2015An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognitioncited by 519
  7. 2021VLMo: Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training with Mixture-of-Modality-Expertscited by 424
  8. 2022Unified-IO: A Unified Model for Vision, Language, and Multi-Modal Taskscited by 420
  9. 2021Pix2seq: A Language Modeling Framework for Object Detectioncited by 345
  10. 2019Character Region Awareness for Text Detectioncited by 273
  11. 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
  12. 2019Real-time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarizationcited by 212
24 more
  1. 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
  2. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
  3. 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
  4. 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
  5. 2022A Unified Sequence Interface for Vision Taskscited by 152
  6. 2021UniTAB: Unifying Text and Box Outputs for Grounded Vision-Language Modelingcited by 122
  7. 2016TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Networkcited by 119
  8. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  9. 2020Mask TextSpotter v3: Segmentation Proposal Network for Robust Scene Text Spottingcited by 114
  10. 2018FOTS: Fast Oriented Text Spotting with a Unified Networkcited by 109
  11. 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
  12. 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
  13. 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognitioncited by 70
  14. 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
  15. 2019Rosetta: Large scale system for text detection and recognition in imagescited by 69
  16. 2020MANGO: A Mask Attention Guided One-Stage Scene Text Spottercited by 51
  17. 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
  18. 2019STEFANN: Scene Text Editor using Font Adaptive Neural Networkcited by 46
  19. 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
  20. 2020Character Region Attention For Text Spottingcited by 42
  21. 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformercited by 41
  22. 2022VL-BEiT: Generative Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 39
  23. 2022GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spottingcited by 34
  24. 2022DEER: Detection-agnostic End-to-End Recognizer for Scene Text Spottingcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 14; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.

27 papers.

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  1. 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
  2. 2024DocVLM: Make Your VLM an Efficient Readercited by 27
  3. 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 22
  4. 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Trainingcited by 11
  5. 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
  6. 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
  7. 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
  8. 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spottingcited by 7
  9. 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Mapscited by 7
  10. 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spottingcited by 5
  11. 2024Lane2Seq: Towards Unified Lane Detection via Sequence Generationcited by 5
  12. 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learningcited by 4
15 more
  1. 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spottingcited by 4
  2. 2023SCOB: Universal Text Understanding via Character-wise Supervised Contrastive Learning with Online Text Rendering for Bridging Domain Gapcited by 3
  3. 2024CREPE: Coordinate-Aware End-to-End Document Parsercited by 3
  4. 2024Watermark Text Pattern Spotting in Document Imagescited by 2
  5. 2024Towards Unified Multi-granularity Text Detection with Interactive Attentioncited by 2
  6. 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Formscited by 2
  7. 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidancecited by 2
  8. 2025PILOT: A Promptable Interleaved Layout-aware OCR Transformercited by 2
  9. 2023Progressive Evolution from Single-Point to Polygon for Scene Textcited by 1
  10. 2026TextBoost: Boosting Scene Text Fidelity in Ultra-low Bitrate Image Compressioncited by 1
  11. 2024Hybrid Primal Sketch: Combining Analogy, Qualitative Representations, and Computer Vision for Scene Understandingcited by 0
  12. 2026PositionOCR: Augmenting Positional Awareness in Multi-Modal Models via Hybrid Specialist Integrationcited by 0
  13. 2026TableSeq: Unified Generation of Structure, Content, and Layoutcited by 0
  14. 2026SupGRPO: Enhancing GRPO with Matching-based Online SFT for Text Spottingcited by 0
  15. 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spottingcited by 0