Towards Unified Scene Text Spotting based on Sequence Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Sequence generation models have recently made significant progress in unifying various vision tasks. Although some auto-regressive models have demonstrated promising results in end-to-end text spotting, they use specific detection formats while ignoring various text shapes and are limited in the maximum number of text instances that can be detected. To overcome these limitations, we propose a UNIfied scene Text Spotter, called UNITS. Our model unifies various detection formats, including quadrilaterals and polygons, allowing it to detect text in arbitrary shapes. Additionally, we apply starting-point prompting to enable the model to extract texts from an arbitrary starting point, thereby extracting more texts beyond the number of instances it was trained on. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Further analysis shows that UNITS can extract a larger number of texts than it was trained on. We provide the code for our method at https://github.com/clovaai/units.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2023.
Builds on
36 of 43 references.
References · 36
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
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- 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
- 2019Real-time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarizationcited by 212
24 more
- 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
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- 2022A Unified Sequence Interface for Vision Taskscited by 152
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- 2020Mask TextSpotter v3: Segmentation Proposal Network for Robust Scene Text Spottingcited by 114
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- 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
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- 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformercited by 41
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 14; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
- 2024DocVLM: Make Your VLM an Efficient Readercited by 27
- 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 22
- 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Trainingcited by 11
- 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
- 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spottingcited by 7
- 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Mapscited by 7
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spottingcited by 5
- 2024Lane2Seq: Towards Unified Lane Detection via Sequence Generationcited by 5
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learningcited by 4
15 more
- 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spottingcited by 4
- 2023SCOB: Universal Text Understanding via Character-wise Supervised Contrastive Learning with Online Text Rendering for Bridging Domain Gapcited by 3
- 2024CREPE: Coordinate-Aware End-to-End Document Parsercited by 3
- 2024Watermark Text Pattern Spotting in Document Imagescited by 2
- 2024Towards Unified Multi-granularity Text Detection with Interactive Attentioncited by 2
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Formscited by 2
- 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidancecited by 2
- 2025PILOT: A Promptable Interleaved Layout-aware OCR Transformercited by 2
- 2023Progressive Evolution from Single-Point to Polygon for Scene Textcited by 1
- 2026TextBoost: Boosting Scene Text Fidelity in Ultra-low Bitrate Image Compressioncited by 1
- 2024Hybrid Primal Sketch: Combining Analogy, Qualitative Representations, and Computer Vision for Scene Understandingcited by 0
- 2026PositionOCR: Augmenting Positional Awareness in Multi-Modal Models via Hybrid Specialist Integrationcited by 0
- 2026TableSeq: Unified Generation of Structure, Content, and Layoutcited by 0
- 2026SupGRPO: Enhancing GRPO with Matching-based Online SFT for Text Spottingcited by 0
- 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spottingcited by 0
- 2026MEVL-STP: Multi-Encoder and Vision Language Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Scene Text Spotting23 Sep 2026
- 2026SupGRPO: Enhancing GRPO with Matching-based Online SFT for Text Spotting7 Sep 2026
- 2026TableSeq: Unified Generation of Structure, Content, and Layout17 Apr 2026
- 2026TextBoost: Boosting Scene Text Fidelity in Ultra-low Bitrate Image Compression4 Mar 2026
- 2026PositionOCR: Augmenting Positional Awareness in Multi-Modal Models via Hybrid Specialist Integration22 Feb 2026
- 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spotting8 Nov 2025
- 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Maps17 Jun 2025
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learning5 Apr 2025
- 2025PILOT: A Promptable Interleaved Layout-aware OCR Transformer4 Apr 2025
- 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Models22 Feb 2025
- 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spotting20 Dec 2024
- 2024DocVLM: Make Your VLM an Efficient Reader11 Dec 2024
15 more
- 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidance22 Nov 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Training1 Aug 2024
- 2024Hybrid Primal Sketch: Combining Analogy, Qualitative Representations, and Computer Vision for Scene Understanding5 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Unified Multi-granularity Text Detection with Interactive Attention30 May 2024
- 2024CREPE: Coordinate-Aware End-to-End Document Parser1 May 2024
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spotting6 Apr 2024
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognition28 Mar 2024
- 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spotting1 Mar 2024
- 2024Lane2Seq: Towards Unified Lane Detection via Sequence Generation27 Feb 2024
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spotting15 Jan 2024
- 2024Watermark Text Pattern Spotting in Document Images10 Jan 2024
- 2023Progressive Evolution from Single-Point to Polygon for Scene Text21 Dec 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysis25 Oct 2023
- 2023SCOB: Universal Text Understanding via Character-wise Supervised Contrastive Learning with Online Text Rendering for Bridging Domain Gap21 Sep 2023
- 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidance22 Nov 2024
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
- 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Trainingcited by 11
- 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
- 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spottingcited by 7
- 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Mapscited by 7
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spottingcited by 5
- 2024Lane2Seq: Towards Unified Lane Detection via Sequence Generationcited by 5
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learningcited by 4
- 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spottingcited by 4
- 2023SCOB: Universal Text Understanding via Character-wise Supervised Contrastive Learning with Online Text Rendering for Bridging Domain Gapcited by 3
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026TableSeq: Unified Generation of Structure, Content, and Layout17 Apr 2026
- 2026TextBoost: Boosting Scene Text Fidelity in Ultra-low Bitrate Image Compression4 Mar 2026
- 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spotting8 Nov 2025
- 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Maps17 Jun 2025
- 2025DocSAM: Unified Document Image Segmentation via Query Decomposition and Heterogeneous Mixed Learning5 Apr 2025
- 2025PILOT: A Promptable Interleaved Layout-aware OCR Transformer4 Apr 2025
- 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spotting20 Dec 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Training1 Aug 2024
- 2024Hybrid Primal Sketch: Combining Analogy, Qualitative Representations, and Computer Vision for Scene Understanding5 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Unified Multi-granularity Text Detection with Interactive Attention30 May 2024
- 2024CREPE: Coordinate-Aware End-to-End Document Parser1 May 2024
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)