PositionOCR: Augmenting Positional Awareness in Multi-Modal Models via Hybrid Specialist Integration
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance in OCR-centric Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, illustrating their capability to process heterogeneous data and exhibit adaptability across varied contexts. However, these MLLMs rely on a Large Language Model (LLM) as the decoder, which is primarily designed for linguistic processing, and thus inherently lacks the positional reasoning required for precise visual tasks, such as text spotting and text grounding. Additionally, the extensive parameters of MLLMs necessitate substantial computational resources and large-scale data for effective training. Conversely, text spotting specialists achieve state-of-the-art coordinate predictions but lack semantic reasoning capabilities. This dichotomy motivates our key research question: Can we synergize the efficiency of specialists with the contextual power of LLMs to create a positionally-accurate MLLM? To overcome these challenges, we introduce PositionOCR, a parameter-efficient hybrid architecture that seamlessly integrates a text spotting model's positional strengths with an LLM's contextual reasoning. Comprising 131M trainable parameters, this framework demonstrates outstanding multi-modal processing capabilities, particularly excelling in tasks such as text grounding and text spotting, consistently surpassing traditional MLLMs.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 66 of its 85 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2026.
Builds on
66 of 85 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Building and better understanding vision-language models: insights and future directions22 Aug
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning29 Apr
Other references · 64
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,696
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
- 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 897
38 more
- 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magiccited by 891
- 2022OFA: Unifying Architectures, Tasks, and Modalities Through a Simple Sequence-to-Sequence Learning Frameworkcited by 742
- 2015Compositional Semantic Parsing on Semi-Structured Tablescited by 509
- 2021InfographicVQAcited by 430
- 2019TabFact: A Large-scale Dataset for Table-based Fact Verificationcited by 425
- 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 400
- 2020TextCaps: a Dataset for Image Captioning with Reading Comprehensioncited by 398
- 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 356
- 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 347
- 2019FUNSD: A Dataset for Form Understanding in Noisy Scanned Documentscited by 345
- 2021Pix2seq: A Language Modeling Framework for Object Detectioncited by 345
- 2018DVQA: Understanding Data Visualizations via Question Answeringcited by 338
- 2019Scene Text Visual Question Answeringcited by 327
- 2021ICDAR2019 Competition on Scanned Receipt OCR and Information Extractioncited by 254
- 2024mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5: Unified Structure Learning for OCR-free Document Understandingcited by 220
- 2024TextMonkey: An OCR-Free Large Multimodal Model for Understanding Documentcited by 173
- 2025MLLMs Know Where to Look: Training-free Perception of Small Visual Details with Multimodal LLMscited by 172
- 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
- 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 167
- 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
- 2022A Unified Sequence Interface for Vision Taskscited by 152
- 2021VisualMRC: Machine Reading Comprehension on Document Imagescited by 150
- 2023UReader: Universal OCR-free Visually-situated Language Understanding with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 143
- 2024TableBench: A Comprehensive and Complex Benchmark for Table Question Answeringcited by 127
- 2023ChartBench: A Benchmark for Complex Visual Reasoning in Chartscited by 116
- 2023DocPedia: Unleashing the Power of Large Multimodal Model in the Frequency Domain for Versatile Document Understandingcited by 106
- 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 105
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
- 2017Detecting Curve Text in the Wild: New Dataset and New Solutioncited by 82
- 2021Kleister: Key Information Extraction Datasets Involving Long Documents with Complex Layoutscited by 82
- 2016A Joint Speaker-Listener-Reinforcer Model for Referring Expressionscited by 74
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
- 2022End-to-end Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurtcited by 73
- 2022Syntax-Aware Network for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognitioncited by 68
- 2024TableVQA-Bench: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark on Multiple Table Domainscited by 68
- 2022Testing the Ability of Language Models to Interpret Figurative Languagecited by 67
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Identifying and Mitigating Position Bias of Multi-image Vision-Language Models
- 2025Evaluating Variance in Visual Question Answering Benchmarks
- 2026When Prompts Become Pixels: Prompt-Region Grounding for Multimodal Reasoning
- 2023Probing the Role of Positional Information in Vision-Language Models
- 2024Order Matters: Exploring Order Sensitivity in Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025When Big Models Train Small Ones: Label-Free Model Parity Alignment for Efficient Visual Question Answering using Small VLMs
- 2026FindIt: A Format-Informed Visual Detection Benchmark for Generalist Multimodal LLMs
- 2023Filling the Image Information Gap for VQA: Prompting Large Language Models to Proactively Ask Questions