DiffuRec: A Diffusion Model for Sequential Recommendation
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion recommenders
Abstract (arXiv)
Mainstream solutions to Sequential Recommendation (SR) represent items with fixed vectors. These vectors have limited capability in capturing items' latent aspects and users' diverse preferences. As a new generative paradigm, Diffusion models have achieved excellent performance in areas like computer vision and natural language processing. To our understanding, its unique merit in representation generation well fits the problem setting of sequential recommendation. In this paper, we make the very first attempt to adapt Diffusion model to SR and propose DiffuRec, for item representation construction and uncertainty injection. Rather than modeling item representations as fixed vectors, we represent them as distributions in DiffuRec, which reflect user's multiple interests and item's various aspects adaptively. In diffusion phase, DiffuRec corrupts the target item embedding into a Gaussian distribution via noise adding, which is further applied for sequential item distribution representation generation and uncertainty injection. Afterward, the item representation is fed into an Approximator for target item representation reconstruction. In reverse phase, based on user's historical interaction behaviors, we reverse a Gaussian noise into the target item representation, then apply a rounding operation for target item prediction. Experiments over four datasets show that DiffuRec outperforms strong baselines by a large margin.
Key facts. Cited by 91 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion recommenders, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 47 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2023.
Builds on
47 of 66 references.
References · 47
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- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,287
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
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- 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
- 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
- 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
- 2018Self-Attentive Sequential Recommendationcited by 1,169
- 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,155
35 more
- 2022Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applicationscited by 1,107
- 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,006
- 2019BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformercited by 952
- 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Imagescited by 924
- 2015Session-based Recommendations with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 685
- 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
- 2017Deep Interest Network for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 541
- 2018Personalized Top-N Sequential Recommendation via Convolutional Sequence Embeddingcited by 473
- 2022DiffuSeq: Sequence to Sequence Text Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 439
- 2018Session-based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networkscited by 312
- 2018Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filteringcited by 308
- 2020Learning Gradient Fields for Shape Generationcited by 245
- 2022DiffusionBERT: Improving Generative Masked Language Models with Diffusion Modelscited by 214
- 2022Continuous diffusion for categorical datacited by 202
- 2022SSD-LM: Semi-autoregressive Simplex-based Diffusion Language Model for Text Generation and Modular Controlcited by 191
- 2017Recurrent Neural Networks with Top-k Gains for Session-based Recommendationscited by 165
- 2022Self-conditioned Embedding Diffusion for Text Generationcited by 114
- 2019Multi-Interest Network with Dynamic Routing for Recommendation at Tmallcited by 113
- 2022Filter-enhanced MLP is All You Need for Sequential Recommendationcited by 96
- 2020Controllable Multi-Interest Framework for Recommendationcited by 92
- 2021Continuous-Time Sequential Recommendation with Temporal Graph Collaborative Transformercited by 69
- 2018Adversarial Personalized Ranking for Recommendationcited by 48
- 2020A Model of Two Tales: Dual Transfer Learning Framework for Improved Long-tail Item Recommendationcited by 38
- 2022Sequential Recommendation via Stochastic Self-Attentioncited by 37
- 2021DA-GCN: A Domain-aware Attentive Graph Convolution Network for Shared-account Cross-domain Sequential Recommendationcited by 34
- 2018Sequential Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filteringcited by 31
- 2021Adversarial and Contrastive Variational Autoencoder for Sequential Recommendationcited by 28
- 2021Modeling Sequences as Distributions with Uncertainty for Sequential Recommendationcited by 22
- 2013Using Temporal Data for Making Recommendationscited by 20
- 2022Re4: Learning to Re-contrast, Re-attend, Re-construct for Multi-interest Recommendationcited by 19
- 2019Future Data Helps Training: Modeling Future Contexts for Session-based Recommendationcited by 16
- 2021Dynamic Memory based Attention Network for Sequential Recommendationcited by 16
- 2022When Multi-Level Meets Multi-Interest: A Multi-Grained Neural Model for Sequential Recommendationcited by 11
- 2021Leveraging Two Types of Global Graph for Sequential Fashion Recommendationcited by 6
- 2022Sequential Recommendation with User Evolving Preference Decompositioncited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 22; 2025: 37; 2026: 22.
91 papers.
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- 2023Generate What You Prefer: Reshaping Sequential Recommendation via Guided Diffusioncited by 72
- 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Datacited by 66
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- 2024Plug-in Diffusion Model for Sequential Recommendationcited by 37
- 2024Denoising Diffusion Recommender Modelcited by 28
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- 2024DimeRec: A Unified Framework for Enhanced Sequential Recommendation via Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 22
- 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Recommender Systemscited by 20
- 2023Discrete Conditional Diffusion for Reranking in Recommendationcited by 19
- 2023Embedding in Recommender Systems: A Surveycited by 19
- 2024Collaborative Filtering Based on Diffusion Models: Unveiling the Potential of High-Order Connectivitycited by 18
- 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigmscited by 17
38 more
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- 2024Graph Representation Learning via Causal Diffusion for Out-of-Distribution Recommendationcited by 11
- 2024Breaking Determinism: Fuzzy Modeling of Sequential Recommendation Using Discrete State Space Diffusion Modelcited by 11
- 2024A Directional Diffusion Graph Transformer for Recommendationcited by 9
- 2024Diffusion-based Contrastive Learning for Sequential Recommendationcited by 9
- 2025Hyperbolic Diffusion Recommender Modelcited by 9
- 2025LLaDA-Rec: Discrete Diffusion for Parallel Semantic ID Generation in Generative Recommendationcited by 9
- 2023LightLM: A Lightweight Deep and Narrow Language Model for Generative Recommendationcited by 8
- 2024Preference Diffusion for Recommendationcited by 8
- 2024Dual Conditional Diffusion Models for Sequential Recommendationcited by 8
- 2025CoMaPOI: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Next POI Prediction Bridging the Gap Between Trajectory and Languagecited by 8
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Generative Diffusion Models for Structured Datacited by 7
- 2025Flow Matching for Collaborative Filteringcited by 7
- 2023RecFusion: A Binomial Diffusion Process for 1D Data for Recommendationcited by 6
- 2024Generate and Instantiate What You Prefer: Text-Guided Diffusion for Sequential Recommendationcited by 6
- 2023Adversarial Item Promotion on Visually-Aware Recommender Systems by Guided Diffusioncited by 5
- 2024How Fair is Your Diffusion Recommender Model?cited by 5
- 2024Bridging User Dynamics: Transforming Sequential Recommendations with Schr"odinger Bridge and Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025Masked Diffusion for Generative Recommendationcited by 5
- 2023Multi-Resolution Diffusion for Privacy-Sensitive Recommender Systemscited by 4
- 2024ToDA: Target-oriented Diffusion Attacker against Recommendation Systemcited by 4
- 2025Addressing Missing Data Issue for Diffusion-based Recommendationcited by 4
- 2025FlowRec: Prior-Informed Flow Matching for Efficient Sequential Recommendation Generationcited by 4
- 2025Diffusion-based Multi-modal Synergy Interest Network for Click-through Rate Predictioncited by 4
- 2025PANTHER: Generative Pretraining Beyond Language for Sequential User Behavior Modelingcited by 4
- 2025Diffusion Models in Recommendation Systems: A Surveycited by 3
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Two-Tower Models: Diffusion-Based Cross-Interaction for Large-Scale Matchingcited by 3
- 2025Unlocking the Power of Diffusion Models in Sequential Recommendation: A Simple and Effective Approachcited by 3
- 2025Fading to Grow: Growing Preference Ratios via Preference Fading Discrete Diffusion for Recommendationcited by 3
- 2024Measuring Recency Bias In Sequential Recommendation Systemscited by 2
- 2024DifFaiRec: Generative Fair Recommender with Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 2
- 2024Meta-DiffuB: A Contextualized Sequence-to-Sequence Text Diffusion Model with Meta-Explorationcited by 2
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- 2025Listwise Preference Alignment Optimization for Tail Item Recommendationcited by 2
- 2025Expert-Guided Diffusion Planner for Auto-Biddingcited by 2
- 2025Generative Models for Synthetic Data: Transforming Data Mining in the GenAI Eracited by 2
- 2025On Efficiency-Effectiveness Trade-off of Diffusion-based Recommenderscited by 2
50 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)
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- 2026Eval4DiRec: A Unified and Systematic Evaluation Framework for Diffusion-based Recommender Systems28 Sep 2026
- 2026GenCAR: Generative Counterfactual Alignment with Risk-Controlled Selection for Out-of-Distribution Recommendation2 Sep 2026
- 2026Preference Flow Matching with Spectral Factorization for Micro-video Recommendation27 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Item-based Collaborative Structures via Noise Rescheduling in Diffusion for Generative Recommendation24 Aug 2026
- 2026Residual Dominance as a Structural Account of Last-Item Reliance in Causal Self-Attention Recommenders14 Aug 2026
- 2026Escaping the Euclidean Void: Manifold-Informed Flow Matching for Sequential Recommendation26 Jul 2026
- 2026MGDiff: Multi-Interest Sequence Recommendation with Masking GNN-Guided Diffusion30 Jun 2026
- 2026FlowTime: Towards Continuous Generative Watch Time Prediction via Flow-based Personalized Priors31 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion16 Apr 2026
- 2026TME-PSR: Time-aware, Multi-interest, and Explanation Personalization for Sequential Recommendation10 Apr 2026
- 2026FAVE: Flow-based Average Velocity Establishment for Sequential Recommendation6 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026VLM2Rec: Resolving Modality Collapse in Vision-Language Model Embedders for Multimodal Sequential Recommendation18 Mar 2026
- 2026Debiasing Sequential Recommendation with Time-aware Inverse Propensity Scoring5 Mar 2026
- 2026Fairness Begins with State: Purifying Latent Preferences for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Interactive Recommendation4 Mar 2026
- 2026MealRec: Multi-granularity Sequential Modeling via Hierarchical Diffusion Models for Micro-Video Recommendation2 Mar 2026
- 2026From Agnostic to Specific: Latent Preference Diffusion for Multi-Behavior Sequential Recommendation26 Feb 2026
- 2026Give Users the Wheel: Towards Promptable Recommendation Paradigm21 Feb 2026
- 2026DenoiseRank: Learning to Rank by Diffusion Models17 Feb 2026
- 2026ADS-POI: Agentic Spatiotemporal State Decomposition for Next Point-of-Interest Recommendation10 Feb 2026
- 2026Sequence Diffusion Model for Temporal Link Prediction in Continuous-Time Dynamic Graph30 Jan 2026
- 2026Masked Diffusion Generative Recommendation27 Jan 2026
- 2025MDiffFR: Modality-Guided Diffusion Generation for Cold-start Items in Federated Recommendation31 Dec 2025
- 2025QoSDiff: An Implicit Topological Embedding Learning Framework Leveraging Denoising Diffusion and Adversarial Attention for Robust QoS Prediction4 Dec 2025
- 2025Masked Diffusion for Generative Recommendation28 Nov 2025
- 2025When and What to Recommend: Joint Modeling of Timing and Content for Active Sequential Recommendation24 Nov 2025
- 2025Fine-Tuning Diffusion-Based Recommender Systems via Reinforcement Learning with Reward Function Optimization10 Nov 2025
- 2025LLaDA-Rec: Discrete Diffusion for Parallel Semantic ID Generation in Generative Recommendation9 Nov 2025
- 2025Dynamic Population Distribution Aware Human Trajectory Generation with Diffusion Model2 Nov 2025
- 2025Gaussian Mixture Flow Matching with Domain Alignment for Multi-Domain Sequential Recommendation23 Oct 2025
- 2025On Efficiency-Effectiveness Trade-off of Diffusion-based Recommenders20 Oct 2025
- 2025PANTHER: Generative Pretraining Beyond Language for Sequential User Behavior Modeling11 Oct 2025
- 2025Energy-Guided Diffusion Sampling for Long-Term User Behavior Prediction in Reinforcement Learning-based Recommendation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Fading to Grow: Growing Preference Ratios via Preference Fading Discrete Diffusion for Recommendation30 Sep 2025
- 2025Beyond Negative Transfer: Disentangled Preference-Guided Diffusion for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation30 Aug 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based Multi-modal Synergy Interest Network for Click-through Rate Prediction29 Aug 2025
- 2025Generative Models for Synthetic Data: Transforming Data Mining in the GenAI Era27 Aug 2025
- 2025DiffusionGS: Generative Search with Query Conditioned Diffusion in Kuaishou25 Aug 2025
- 2025FlowRec: Prior-Informed Flow Matching for Efficient Sequential Recommendation Generation25 Aug 2025
- 2025Expert-Guided Diffusion Planner for Auto-Bidding12 Aug 2025
- 2025Causal Negative Sampling via Diffusion Model for Out-of-Distribution Recommendation10 Aug 2025
- 2025Align-for-Fusion: Harmonizing Triple Preferences via Dual-oriented Diffusion for Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation7 Aug 2025
- 2025SimDiffRec: Semantic Similarity-Guided Diffusion for Contrastive Sequential Recommendation16 Jul 2025
- 2025Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Sequential Recommendation8 Jul 2025
- 2025Listwise Preference Alignment Optimization for Tail Item Recommendation3 Jul 2025
- 2025Alleviating User-Sensitive bias with Fair Generative Sequential Recommendation Model24 Jun 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Sequel-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Sequential Learning5 Jun 2025
- 2025CoMaPOI: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Next POI Prediction Bridging the Gap Between Trajectory and Language28 May 2025
- 2025Unlocking the Power of Diffusion Models in Sequential Recommendation: A Simple and Effective Approach26 May 2025
- 2025Flow Matching based Sequential Recommender Model22 May 2025
50 newest of 91 All 91 (JSON)
- 2023Generate What You Prefer: Reshaping Sequential Recommendation via Guided Diffusioncited by 72
- 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Datacited by 66
- 2023Diffusion Augmentation for Sequential Recommendationcited by 37
- 2024Plug-in Diffusion Model for Sequential Recommendationcited by 37
- 2024Denoising Diffusion Recommender Modelcited by 28
- 2023Graph Signal Diffusion Model for Collaborative Filteringcited by 25
- 2024DimeRec: A Unified Framework for Enhanced Sequential Recommendation via Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 22
- 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Recommender Systemscited by 20
- 2023Discrete Conditional Diffusion for Reranking in Recommendationcited by 19
- 2024Collaborative Filtering Based on Diffusion Models: Unveiling the Potential of High-Order Connectivitycited by 18
- 2025Distinguished Quantized Guidance for Diffusion-based Sequence Recommendationcited by 13
- 2024A Directional Diffusion Graph Transformer for Recommendationcited by 9
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Eval4DiRec: A Unified and Systematic Evaluation Framework for Diffusion-based Recommender Systems28 Sep 2026
- 2026Preference Flow Matching with Spectral Factorization for Micro-video Recommendation27 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Item-based Collaborative Structures via Noise Rescheduling in Diffusion for Generative Recommendation24 Aug 2026
- 2026Escaping the Euclidean Void: Manifold-Informed Flow Matching for Sequential Recommendation26 Jul 2026
- 2026MGDiff: Multi-Interest Sequence Recommendation with Masking GNN-Guided Diffusion30 Jun 2026
- 2026MealRec: Multi-granularity Sequential Modeling via Hierarchical Diffusion Models for Micro-Video Recommendation2 Mar 2026
- 2026DenoiseRank: Learning to Rank by Diffusion Models17 Feb 2026
- 2026Sequence Diffusion Model for Temporal Link Prediction in Continuous-Time Dynamic Graph30 Jan 2026
- 2026Masked Diffusion Generative Recommendation27 Jan 2026
- 2025MDiffFR: Modality-Guided Diffusion Generation for Cold-start Items in Federated Recommendation31 Dec 2025
- 2025QoSDiff: An Implicit Topological Embedding Learning Framework Leveraging Denoising Diffusion and Adversarial Attention for Robust QoS Prediction4 Dec 2025
- 2025Masked Diffusion for Generative Recommendation28 Nov 2025
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigmscited by 17
- 2025CoMaPOI: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Next POI Prediction Bridging the Gap Between Trajectory and Languagecited by 8
- 2026ADS-POI: Agentic Spatiotemporal State Decomposition for Next Point-of-Interest Recommendationcited by 1
- 2026ADS-POI: Agentic Spatiotemporal State Decomposition for Next Point-of-Interest Recommendation10 Feb 2026
- 2025CoMaPOI: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Next POI Prediction Bridging the Gap Between Trajectory and Language28 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigms23 Apr 2025
- 2023Embedding in Recommender Systems: A Surveycited by 19
- 2024Graph Representation Learning via Causal Diffusion for Out-of-Distribution Recommendationcited by 11
- 2024Breaking Determinism: Fuzzy Modeling of Sequential Recommendation Using Discrete State Space Diffusion Modelcited by 11
- 2025Hyperbolic Diffusion Recommender Modelcited by 9
- 2023LightLM: A Lightweight Deep and Narrow Language Model for Generative Recommendationcited by 8
- 2024Preference Diffusion for Recommendationcited by 8
- 2025Diffusion-based Multi-modal Synergy Interest Network for Click-through Rate Predictioncited by 4
- 2025PANTHER: Generative Pretraining Beyond Language for Sequential User Behavior Modelingcited by 4
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Two-Tower Models: Diffusion-Based Cross-Interaction for Large-Scale Matchingcited by 3
- 2024Measuring Recency Bias In Sequential Recommendation Systemscited by 2
- 2024DifFaiRec: Generative Fair Recommender with Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 2
- 2024Diffusion-Inspired Cold Start with Sufficient Prior in Computerized Adaptive Testingcited by 1
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026FairDiff: Mitigating the Self-Reinforcing Matthew Effect in Diffusion Recommender Models29 Sep 2026
- 2026GenCAR: Generative Counterfactual Alignment with Risk-Controlled Selection for Out-of-Distribution Recommendation2 Sep 2026
- 2026Residual Dominance as a Structural Account of Last-Item Reliance in Causal Self-Attention Recommenders14 Aug 2026
- 2026FlowTime: Towards Continuous Generative Watch Time Prediction via Flow-based Personalized Priors31 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion16 Apr 2026
- 2026TME-PSR: Time-aware, Multi-interest, and Explanation Personalization for Sequential Recommendation10 Apr 2026
- 2026FAVE: Flow-based Average Velocity Establishment for Sequential Recommendation6 Apr 2026
- 2026Debiasing Sequential Recommendation with Time-aware Inverse Propensity Scoring5 Mar 2026
- 2026Fairness Begins with State: Purifying Latent Preferences for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Interactive Recommendation4 Mar 2026
- 2026From Agnostic to Specific: Latent Preference Diffusion for Multi-Behavior Sequential Recommendation26 Feb 2026
- 2025When and What to Recommend: Joint Modeling of Timing and Content for Active Sequential Recommendation24 Nov 2025
- 2025PANTHER: Generative Pretraining Beyond Language for Sequential User Behavior Modeling11 Oct 2025
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
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