TripletTrack: 3D Object Tracking using Triplet Embeddings and LSTM
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D object tracking is a critical task in autonomous driving systems. It plays an essential role for the system's awareness about the surrounding environment. At the same time there is an increasing interest in algorithms for autonomous cars that solely rely on inexpensive sensors, such as cameras. In this paper we investigate the use of triplet embeddings in combination with motion representations for 3D object tracking. We start from an off-the-shelf 3D object detector, and apply a tracking mechanism where objects are matched by an affinity score computed on local object feature embeddings and motion descriptors. The feature embeddings are trained to include information about the visual appearance and monocular 3D object characteristics, while motion descriptors provide a strong representation of object trajectories. We will show that our approach effectively re-identifies objects, and also behaves reliably and accurately in case of occlusions, missed detections and can detect re-appearance across different field of views. Experimental evaluation shows that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art on nuScenes by a large margin. We also obtain competitive results on KITTI.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Oct 2022.
Builds on
45 of 62 references.
References · 45
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- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
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- 2017Random Erasing Data Augmentationcited by 1,235
- 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,143
- 2017In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identificationcited by 784
- 2020HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-Object Trackingcited by 546
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2021FCOS3D: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 444
- 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 277
33 more
- 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 251
- 2020Quasi-Dense Similarity Learning for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 220
- 2019Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 215
- 2021Probabilistic and Geometric Depth: Detecting Objects in Perspectivecited by 190
- 2014Multiple Object Tracking: A Literature Reviewcited by 165
- 2021Learning to Track with Object Permanencecited by 117
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2021SimpleTrack: Understanding and Rethinking 3D Multi-object Trackingcited by 102
- 2021Geometry-based Distance Decomposition for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 83
- 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
- 2021Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Trackingcited by 80
- 2018Joint Monocular 3D Vehicle Detection and Trackingcited by 77
- 2017Tracking The Untrackable: Learning To Track Multiple Cues with Long-Term Dependenciescited by 76
- 2020Probabilistic 3D Multi-Modal, Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 73
- 2020AB3DMOT: A Baseline for 3D Multi-Object Tracking and New Evaluation Metricscited by 63
- 2019Robust Multi-Modality Multi-Object Trackingcited by 56
- 2021DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Trackingcited by 56
- 2019Track to Reconstruct and Reconstruct to Trackcited by 49
- 2015Near-Online Multi-target Tracking with Aggregated Local Flow Descriptorcited by 46
- 2018Beyond Pixels: Leveraging Geometry and Shape Cues for Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 40
- 2020JRMOT: A Real-Time 3D Multi-Object Tracker and a New Large-Scale Datasetcited by 39
- 2021Learnable Online Graph Representations for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 38
- 2018Mono-Camera 3D Multi-Object Tracking Using Deep Learning Detections and PMBM Filteringcited by 32
- 2021Score refinement for confidence-based 3D multi-object trackingcited by 32
- 2019FANTrack: 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Feature Association Networkcited by 28
- 2021Joint Multi-Object Detection and Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
- 2021Track without Appearance: Learn Box and Tracklet Embedding with Local and Global Motion Patterns for Vehicle Trackingcited by 26
- 2018Resource Aware Person Re-identification across Multiple Resolutionscited by 21
- 2019Vehicle Re-Identification: an Efficient Baseline Using Triplet Embeddingcited by 21
- 2021TrackMPNN: A Message Passing Graph Neural Architecture for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 11; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
26 papers.
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- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2023Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 54
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Controlcited by 32
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perceptioncited by 12
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloudcited by 9
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2023Predict to Detect: Prediction-guided 3D Object Detection using Sequential Imagescited by 6
14 more
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Associationcited by 3
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2023DecoderTracker: Decoder-Only Method for Multiple-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarioscited by 2
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correctioncited by 2
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024DeepKalPose: An Enhanced Deep-Learning Kalman Filter for Temporally Consistent Monocular Vehicle Pose Estimationcited by 1
- 2024MonoDETRNext: Next-Generation Accurate and Efficient Monocular 3D Object Detectorcited by 1
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023Visual Perception System for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Modelcited by 0
- 2026MotionSync: Non-Causal Refinement of Causal Tracker for Label-Efficient 3D Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026MotionSync: Non-Causal Refinement of Causal Tracker for Label-Efficient 3D Perception30 Aug 2026
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perception25 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Tracking12 May 2025
- 2025S3MOT: Monocular 3D Object Tracking with Selective State Space Model25 Apr 2025
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Tracking2 Jan 2025
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Driving23 Sep 2024
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2024
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarios31 Jul 2024
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Tracking4 Jun 2024
- 2024MonoDETRNext: Next-Generation Accurate and Efficient Monocular 3D Object Detector24 May 2024
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloud19 May 2024
14 more
- 2024DeepKalPose: An Enhanced Deep-Learning Kalman Filter for Temporally Consistent Monocular Vehicle Pose Estimation25 Apr 2024
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2024
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Driving10 Apr 2024
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Control28 Mar 2024
- 2023DecoderTracker: Decoder-Only Method for Multiple-Object Tracking26 Oct 2023
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Tracking22 Aug 2023
- 2023Predict to Detect: Prediction-guided 3D Object Detection using Sequential Images14 Jun 2023
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2023
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Tracking29 Mar 2023
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Box27 Mar 2023
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perception10 Mar 2023
- 2023Visual Perception System for Autonomous Driving3 Mar 2023
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Association3 Mar 2023
- 2023Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Tracking7 Feb 2023
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2023Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 54
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Controlcited by 32
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perceptioncited by 12
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2023Delving into Motion-Aware Matching for Monocular 3D Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloudcited by 9
- 2023You Only Need Two Detectors to Achieve Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2023Predict to Detect: Prediction-guided 3D Object Detection using Sequential Imagescited by 6
- 20233D Multi-Object Tracking Based on Uncertainty-Guided Data Associationcited by 3
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026MotionSync: Non-Causal Refinement of Causal Tracker for Label-Efficient 3D Perception30 Aug 2026
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perception25 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Accurate State Estimation: Motion Dynamics Kalman Filter for 3D Multi-Object Tracking12 May 2025
- 2025HybridTrack: A Hybrid Approach for Robust Multi-Object Tracking2 Jan 2025
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
- 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Driving23 Sep 2024
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarios31 Jul 2024
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Tracking4 Jun 2024
- 2024MonoDETRNext: Next-Generation Accurate and Efficient Monocular 3D Object Detector24 May 2024
- 2024RobMOT: Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Observational Noise and State Estimation Drift Mitigation on LiDAR PointCloud19 May 2024
- 2024DeepKalPose: An Enhanced Deep-Learning Kalman Filter for Temporally Consistent Monocular Vehicle Pose Estimation25 Apr 2024
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2024
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)