Robust Multi-Modality Multi-Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-sensor perception is crucial to ensure the reliability and accuracy in autonomous driving system, while multi-object tracking (MOT) improves that by tracing sequential movement of dynamic objects. Most current approaches for multi-sensor multi-object tracking are either lack of reliability by tightly relying on a single input source (e.g., center camera), or not accurate enough by fusing the results from multiple sensors in post processing without fully exploiting the inherent information. In this study, we design a generic sensor-agnostic multi-modality MOT framework (mmMOT), where each modality (i.e., sensors) is capable of performing its role independently to preserve reliability, and further improving its accuracy through a novel multi-modality fusion module. Our mmMOT can be trained in an end-to-end manner, enables joint optimization for the base feature extractor of each modality and an adjacency estimator for cross modality. Our mmMOT also makes the first attempt to encode deep representation of point cloud in data association process in MOT. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on the challenging KITTI benchmark and report state-of-the-art performance. Code and models are available at https://github.com/ZwwWayne/mmMOT.
Key facts. Cited by 56 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 17; 2023: 10; 2024: 11; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
56 papers.
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- 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
- 2021Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Trackingcited by 81
- 2021Box-Aware Feature Enhancement for Single Object Tracking on Point Cloudscited by 66
- 2023Single-Model and Any-Modality for Video Object Trackingcited by 65
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 58
- 2021DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Trackingcited by 56
- 20213D Siamese Voxel-to-BEV Tracker for Sparse Point Cloudscited by 54
- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusioncited by 50
- 20223D Siamese Transformer Network for Single Object Tracking on Point Cloudscited by 44
- 2022Understanding and Mitigating Overfitting in Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 40
- 2021Learnable Online Graph Representations for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 38
- 2022DeepFusionMOT: A 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework Based on Camera-LiDAR Fusion with Deep Associationcited by 33
38 more
- 20223D Multi-Object Tracking Using Graph Neural Networks with Cross-Edge Modality Attentioncited by 27
- 2021Joint Multi-Object Detection and Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
- 2022TripletTrack: 3D Object Tracking using Triplet Embeddings and LSTMcited by 26
- 2021Self-Supervised Multi-Object Tracking with Cross-Input Consistencycited by 25
- 2022A Lightweight and Detector-free 3D Single Object Tracker on Point Cloudscited by 23
- 20244D Panoptic Scene Graph Generationcited by 22
- 2021TrackMPNN: A Message Passing Graph Neural Architecture for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Object Tracking with Path Consistencycited by 16
- 2022Proactive Anomaly Detection for Robot Navigation with Multi-Sensor Fusioncited by 15
- 2023Object-Centric Multiple Object Trackingcited by 15
- 2021MTP: Multi-Hypothesis Tracking and Prediction for Reduced Error Propagationcited by 14
- 2022Transformers for Multi-Object Tracking on Point Cloudscited by 14
- 2023TrackFlow: Multi-Object Tracking with Normalizing Flowscited by 13
- 2021Channel Exchanging Networks for Multimodal and Multitask Dense Image Predictioncited by 11
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 11
- 2022SpOT: Spatiotemporal Modeling for 3D Object Trackingcited by 10
- 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Cloudscited by 9
- 2024PNAS-MOT: Multi-Modal Object Tracking with Pareto Neural Architecture Searchcited by 9
- 2022Trajectory Forecasting from Detection with Uncertainty-Aware Motion Encodingcited by 8
- 2022Recent Advances in Embedding Methods for Multi-Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 8
- 2021CFTrack: Center-based Radar and Camera Fusion for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 7
- 2022Sequential Point Clouds: A Surveycited by 6
- 20223DMODT: Attention-Guided Affinities for Joint Detection & Tracking in 3D Point Cloudscited by 6
- 2021Joint 3D Object Detection and Tracking Using Spatio-Temporal Representation of Camera Image and LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 5
- 2024Robust Multimodal 3D Object Detection via Modality-Agnostic Decoding and Proximity-based Modality Ensemblecited by 5
- 2022Interactive Multi-scale Fusion of 2D and 3D Features for Multi-object Trackingcited by 4
- 2023DFR-FastMOT: Detection Failure Resistant Tracker for Fast Multi-Object Tracking Based on Sensor Fusioncited by 4
- 2025Seg2Track-SAM2: SAM2-based Multi-object Tracking and Segmentationcited by 4
- 2022Learning Scene Flow in 3D Point Clouds with Noisy Pseudo Labelscited by 3
- 2024StreamMOTP: Streaming and Unified Framework for Joint 3D Multi-Object Tracking and Trajectory Predictioncited by 3
- 2021(Just) A Spoonful of Refinements Helps the Registration Error Go Downcited by 2
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Datacited by 2
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correctioncited by 2
- 2024Sparse Point Clouds Assisted Learned Image Compressioncited by 2
- 2022MIXER: Multiattribute, Multiway Fusion of Uncertain Pairwise Affinitiescited by 1
- 2023MMF-Track: Multi-modal Multi-level Fusion for 3D Single Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving systemcited by 1
- 2023PointeNet: A Lightweight Framework for Effective and Efficient Point Cloud Analysiscited by 1
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026Native-Domain Cross-Attention for Camera-LiDAR Extrinsic Calibration Under Large Initial Perturbations31 Mar 2026
- 2025Seg2Track-SAM2: SAM2-based Multi-object Tracking and Segmentation15 Sep 2025
- 2025SMTrack: End-to-End Trained Spiking Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking in RGB Videos20 Aug 2025
- 2025FDCT: Frequency-Aware Decomposition and Cross-Modal Token-Alignment for Multi-Sensor Target Classification12 Mar 2025
- 2024Sparse Point Clouds Assisted Learned Image Compression20 Dec 2024
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
- 2024Multi-sensor Learning Enables Information Transfer across Different Sensory Data and Augments Multi-modality Imaging28 Sep 2024
- 2024RegTrack: Simplicity Beneath Complexity in Robust Multi-Modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking1 Sep 2024
- 2024Robust Multimodal 3D Object Detection via Modality-Agnostic Decoding and Proximity-based Modality Ensemble27 Jul 2024
- 2024StreamMOTP: Streaming and Unified Framework for Joint 3D Multi-Object Tracking and Trajectory Prediction28 Jun 2024
- 20244D Panoptic Scene Graph Generation16 May 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
38 more
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Object Tracking with Path Consistency8 Apr 2024
- 2024PNAS-MOT: Multi-Modal Object Tracking with Pareto Neural Architecture Search23 Mar 2024
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Tracking20 Mar 2024
- 2023PointeNet: A Lightweight Framework for Effective and Efficient Point Cloud Analysis20 Dec 2023
- 2023Single-Model and Any-Modality for Video Object Tracking27 Nov 2023
- 2023Object-Centric Multiple Object Tracking1 Sep 2023
- 2023TrackFlow: Multi-Object Tracking with Normalizing Flows22 Aug 2023
- 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Clouds19 Aug 2023
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving system17 Jun 2023
- 2023S3Track: Self-supervised Tracking with Soft Assignment Flow17 May 2023
- 2023MMF-Track: Multi-modal Multi-level Fusion for 3D Single Object Tracking11 May 2023
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review20 Apr 2023
- 2023DFR-FastMOT: Detection Failure Resistant Tracker for Fast Multi-Object Tracking Based on Sensor Fusion28 Feb 2023
- 2022Understanding and Mitigating Overfitting in Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Models4 Nov 2022
- 20223DMODT: Attention-Guided Affinities for Joint Detection & Tracking in 3D Point Clouds1 Nov 2022
- 2022TripletTrack: 3D Object Tracking using Triplet Embeddings and LSTM28 Oct 2022
- 2022MIXER: Multiattribute, Multiway Fusion of Uncertain Pairwise Affinities15 Oct 2022
- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion6 Sep 2022
- 20223D Siamese Transformer Network for Single Object Tracking on Point Clouds25 Jul 2022
- 2022SpOT: Spatiotemporal Modeling for 3D Object Tracking12 Jul 2022
- 2022Transformers for Multi-Object Tracking on Point Clouds31 May 2022
- 2022Recent Advances in Embedding Methods for Multi-Object Tracking: A Survey22 May 2022
- 2022Sequential Point Clouds: A Survey20 Apr 2022
- 2022Proactive Anomaly Detection for Robot Navigation with Multi-Sensor Fusion3 Apr 2022
- 2022Interactive Multi-scale Fusion of 2D and 3D Features for Multi-object Tracking30 Mar 2022
- 2022Learning Scene Flow in 3D Point Clouds with Noisy Pseudo Labels23 Mar 2022
- 20223D Multi-Object Tracking Using Graph Neural Networks with Cross-Edge Modality Attention21 Mar 2022
- 2022A Lightweight and Detector-free 3D Single Object Tracker on Point Clouds8 Mar 2022
- 2022DeepFusionMOT: A 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework Based on Camera-LiDAR Fusion with Deep Association24 Feb 2022
- 2022Trajectory Forecasting from Detection with Uncertainty-Aware Motion Encoding3 Feb 2022
- 2021Joint 3D Object Detection and Tracking Using Spatio-Temporal Representation of Camera Image and LiDAR Point Clouds14 Dec 2021
- 2021Channel Exchanging Networks for Multimodal and Multitask Dense Image Prediction4 Dec 2021
- 2021Self-Supervised Multi-Object Tracking with Cross-Input Consistency10 Nov 2021
- 20213D Siamese Voxel-to-BEV Tracker for Sparse Point Clouds8 Nov 2021
- 2021MTP: Multi-Hypothesis Tracking and Prediction for Reduced Error Propagation18 Oct 2021
- 2021Box-Aware Feature Enhancement for Single Object Tracking on Point Clouds10 Aug 2021
- 2021Joint Multi-Object Detection and Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Driving10 Aug 2021
- 2021(Just) A Spoonful of Refinements Helps the Registration Error Go Down6 Aug 2021
50 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2021EagerMOT: 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Sensor Fusioncited by 83
- 2021Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Trackingcited by 81
- 2021Box-Aware Feature Enhancement for Single Object Tracking on Point Cloudscited by 66
- 2023Single-Model and Any-Modality for Video Object Trackingcited by 65
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 58
- 2021DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Trackingcited by 56
- 20213D Siamese Voxel-to-BEV Tracker for Sparse Point Cloudscited by 54
- 2022CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusioncited by 50
- 20223D Siamese Transformer Network for Single Object Tracking on Point Cloudscited by 44
- 2021Learnable Online Graph Representations for 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 38
- 2022DeepFusionMOT: A 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework Based on Camera-LiDAR Fusion with Deep Associationcited by 33
- 20223D Multi-Object Tracking Using Graph Neural Networks with Cross-Edge Modality Attentioncited by 27
12 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026Native-Domain Cross-Attention for Camera-LiDAR Extrinsic Calibration Under Large Initial Perturbations31 Mar 2026
- 2025Seg2Track-SAM2: SAM2-based Multi-object Tracking and Segmentation15 Sep 2025
- 2025SMTrack: End-to-End Trained Spiking Neural Networks for Multi-Object Tracking in RGB Videos20 Aug 2025
- 2025FDCT: Frequency-Aware Decomposition and Cross-Modal Token-Alignment for Multi-Sensor Target Classification12 Mar 2025
- 2024Sparse Point Clouds Assisted Learned Image Compression20 Dec 2024
- 2024CrossTracker: Robust Multi-modal 3D Multi-Object Tracking via Cross Correction28 Nov 2024
- 2024Multi-sensor Learning Enables Information Transfer across Different Sensory Data and Augments Multi-modality Imaging28 Sep 2024
- 2024Robust Multimodal 3D Object Detection via Modality-Agnostic Decoding and Proximity-based Modality Ensemble27 Jul 2024
- 2024StreamMOTP: Streaming and Unified Framework for Joint 3D Multi-Object Tracking and Trajectory Prediction28 Jun 2024
- 20244D Panoptic Scene Graph Generation16 May 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Object Tracking with Path Consistency8 Apr 2024
12 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)