mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Lifecycle of "Facts": A Survey of Social Bias in Knowledge Graphs

arXiv 2210.03353 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2022cs.CL cs.AI cs.CYcited by 4

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge graphs are increasingly used in a plethora of downstream tasks or in the augmentation of statistical models to improve factuality. However, social biases are engraved in these representations and propagate downstream. We conducted a critical analysis of literature concerning biases at different steps of a knowledge graph lifecycle. We investigated factors introducing bias, as well as the biases that are rendered by knowledge graphs and their embedded versions afterward. Limitations of existing measurement and mitigation strategies are discussed and paths forward are proposed.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2022.

Builds on

49 of 96 references.

References · 49

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,346
  4. 2019A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learningcited by 1,911
  5. 2018Datasheets for Datasetscited by 1,371
  6. 2016Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddingscited by 1,304
  7. 2018Model Cards for Model Reportingcited by 1,068
  8. 2016ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledgecited by 1,065
  9. 2020Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of "Bias" in NLPcited by 951
  10. 2014Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Basescited by 929
  11. 2016Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instrumentscited by 671
  12. 2015Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Taggingcited by 544
37 more
  1. 2019The Woman Worked as a Babysitter: On Biases in Language Generationcited by 540
  2. 2018Gender Bias in Coreference Resolutioncited by 438
  3. 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generationcited by 410
  4. 2019KEPLER: A Unified Model for Knowledge Embedding and Pre-trained Language Representationcited by 356
  5. 2019Measurement and Fairnesscited by 299
  6. 2019Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representationscited by 294
  7. 2019Mitigating Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing: Literature Reviewcited by 287
  8. 2019Measuring Bias in Contextualized Word Representationscited by 275
  9. 2019Lipstick on a Pig: Debiasing Methods Cover up Systematic Gender Biases in Word Embeddings But do not Remove Themcited by 268
  10. 2015A Review of Relational Machine Learning for Knowledge Graphscited by 264
  11. 2021Societal Biases in Language Generation: Progress and Challengescited by 201
  12. 2018Neural Approaches to Conversational AIcited by 164
  13. 2020Intrinsic Bias Metrics Do Not Correlate with Application Biascited by 148
  14. 2021Bias Out-of-the-Box: An Empirical Analysis of Intersectional Occupational Biases in Popular Generative Language Modelscited by 141
  15. 2019Predictive Biases in Natural Language Processing Models: A Conceptual Framework and Overviewcited by 137
  16. 2015Large-scale Simple Question Answering with Memory Networkscited by 127
  17. 2017Cross-lingual Entity Alignment via Joint Attribute-Preserving Embeddingcited by 126
  18. 2020A Survey of Knowledge-Enhanced Text Generationcited by 119
  19. 2021Reduced, Reused and Recycled: The Life of a Dataset in Machine Learning Researchcited by 100
  20. 2021An Empirical Survey of the Effectiveness of Debiasing Techniques for Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 96
  21. 2021A Survey on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processingcited by 89
  22. 2017Semi-supervised sequence tagging with bidirectional language modelscited by 86
  23. 2020CoLAKE: Contextualized Language and Knowledge Embeddingcited by 86
  24. 2019OpenNRE: An Open and Extensible Toolkit for Neural Relation Extractioncited by 62
  25. 2020GenericsKB: A Knowledge Base of Generic Statementscited by 51
  26. 2015It's a Man's Wikipedia? Assessing Gender Inequality in an Online Encyclopediacited by 30
  27. 2021Lawyers are Dishonest? Quantifying Representational Harms in Commonsense Knowledge Resourcescited by 30
  28. 2019Man is to Person as Woman is to Location: Measuring Gender Bias in Named Entity Recognitioncited by 28
  29. 2019Towards Understanding Gender Bias in Relation Extractioncited by 23
  30. 2020Assessing Demographic Bias in Named Entity Recognitioncited by 23
  31. 2022DialoKG: Knowledge-Structure Aware Task-Oriented Dialogue Generationcited by 19
  32. 2019Measuring Social Bias in Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 17
  33. 2020Adversarial Learning for Debiasing Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 16
  34. 2022Knowledge Graph Question Answering Datasets and Their Generalizability: Are They Enough for Future Research?cited by 13
  35. 2020On Robustness and Bias Analysis of BERT-based Relation Extractioncited by 10
  36. 2020Bias in Conversational Search: The Double-Edged Sword of the Personalized Knowledge Graphcited by 10
  37. 2021Towards Automatic Bias Detection in Knowledge Graphscited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 2.

4 papers.

  1. 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
  2. 2025Social Biases in Knowledge Representations of Wikidata separates Global North from Global Southcited by 3
  3. 2023How Contentious Terms About People and Cultures are Used in Linked Open Datacited by 2
  4. 2025Benchmarking Fairness-aware Graph Neural Networks in Knowledge Graphscited by 2