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Large-scale Simple Question Answering with Memory Networks

arXiv 1506.02075 ↗First posted 5 Jun 2015cs.LG cs.CLcited by 127

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Abstract (arXiv)

Training large-scale question answering systems is complicated because training sources usually cover a small portion of the range of possible questions. This paper studies the impact of multitask and transfer learning for simple question answering; a setting for which the reasoning required to answer is quite easy, as long as one can retrieve the correct evidence given a question, which can be difficult in large-scale conditions. To this end, we introduce a new dataset of 100k questions that we use in conjunction with existing benchmarks. We conduct our study within the framework of Memory Networks (Weston et al., 2015) because this perspective allows us to eventually scale up to more complex reasoning, and show that Memory Networks can be successfully trained to achieve excellent performance.

Key facts. Cited by 127 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2015.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 42; 2022: 21; 2023: 16; 2024: 18; 2025: 17; 2026: 13.

127 papers.

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  1. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  2. 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 276
  3. 2023Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphcited by 235
  4. 2021Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Basescited by 107
  5. 2021Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 99
  6. 2021QA Dataset Explosion: A Taxonomy of NLP Resources for Question Answering and Reading Comprehensioncited by 91
  7. 2021RnG-KBQA: Generation Augmented Iterative Ranking for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 86
  8. 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 85
  9. 2021A Survey on Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: Methods, Challenges and Solutionscited by 77
  10. 2023Mitigating Large Language Model Hallucinations via Autonomous Knowledge Graph-based Retrofittingcited by 70
  11. 2021TransferNet: An Effective and Transparent Framework for Multi-hop Question Answering over Relation Graphcited by 60
  12. 2025PathRAG: Pruning Graph-based Retrieval Augmented Generation with Relational Pathscited by 60
38 more
  1. 2024KG-RAG: Bridging the Gap Between Knowledge and Creativitycited by 55
  2. 2024STaRK: Benchmarking LLM Retrieval on Textual and Relational Knowledge Basescited by 53
  3. 2021Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Surveycited by 52
  4. 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 46
  5. 2023Symbol-LLM: Towards Foundational Symbol-centric Interface For Large Language Modelscited by 38
  6. 2025Position: Episodic Memory is the Missing Piece for Long-Term LLM Agentscited by 35
  7. 2021Curriculum-Meta Learning for Order-Robust Continual Relation Extractioncited by 34
  8. 2024SPINACH: SPARQL-Based Information Navigation for Challenging Real-World Questionscited by 27
  9. 2021English Machine Reading Comprehension Datasets: A Surveycited by 26
  10. 2021De-biasing Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognition via Causal Interventioncited by 24
  11. 2022Modern Question Answering Datasets and Benchmarks: A Surveycited by 23
  12. 2025Reasoning of Large Language Models over Knowledge Graphs with Super-Relationscited by 21
  13. 2023An Empirical Study of Pre-trained Language Models in Simple Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 19
  14. 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
  15. 2021Personalized Food Recommendation as Constrained Question Answering over a Large-scale Food Knowledge Graphcited by 17
  16. 2021UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Textcited by 17
  17. 2024Enhancing Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs through Evidence Pattern Retrievalcited by 16
  18. 2021Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graphcited by 14
  19. 2022Knowledge Graph Question Answering Leaderboard: A Community Resource to Prevent a Replication Crisiscited by 14
  20. 2024EffiQA: Efficient Question-Answering with Strategic Multi-Model Collaboration on Knowledge Graphscited by 14
  21. 2024Assessing SPARQL capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 14
  22. 2022Knowledge Graph Question Answering Datasets and Their Generalizability: Are They Enough for Future Research?cited by 13
  23. 2024EWEK-QA: Enhanced Web and Efficient Knowledge Graph Retrieval for Citation-based Question Answering Systemscited by 13
  24. 2021ParaQA: A Question Answering Dataset with Paraphrase Responses for Single-Turn Conversationcited by 12
  25. 2021Manual Evaluation Matters: Reviewing Test Protocols of Distantly Supervised Relation Extractioncited by 12
  26. 2026Agentic Confidence Calibrationcited by 12
  27. 2021End-to-End Entity Resolution and Question Answering Using Differentiable Knowledge Graphscited by 11
  28. 2025How Robust Are Router-LLMs? Analysis of the Fragility of LLM Routing Capabilitiescited by 11
  29. 2023Semantic Parsing for Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphscited by 10
  30. 2023HOT: Higher-Order Dynamic Graph Representation Learning with Efficient Transformerscited by 10
  31. 2021Compositional Generalization in Multilingual Semantic Parsing over Wikidatacited by 9
  32. 2022A Benchmark for Generalizable and Interpretable Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 9
  33. 2022Semantic Structure based Query Graph Prediction for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphcited by 9
  34. 2022ForecastTKGQuestions: A Benchmark for Temporal Question Answering and Forecasting over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 9
  35. 2025Reliable Reasoning Path: Distilling Effective Guidance for LLM Reasoning with Knowledge Graphscited by 9
  36. 2021Grounding Dialogue Systems via Knowledge Graph Aware Decoding with Pre-trained Transformerscited by 8
  37. 2021SYGMA: System for Generalizable Modular Question Answering OverKnowledge Basescited by 8
  38. 2024Enhancing Large Language Models with Pseudo- and Multisource- Knowledge Graphs for Open-ended Question Answeringcited by 8

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