It's a Man's Wikipedia? Assessing Gender Inequality in an Online Encyclopedia
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Abstract (arXiv)
Wikipedia is a community-created encyclopedia that contains information about notable people from different countries, epochs and disciplines and aims to document the world's knowledge from a neutral point of view. However, the narrow diversity of the Wikipedia editor community has the potential to introduce systemic biases such as gender biases into the content of Wikipedia. In this paper we aim to tackle a sub problem of this larger challenge by presenting and applying a computational method for assessing gender bias on Wikipedia along multiple dimensions. We find that while women on Wikipedia are covered and featured well in many Wikipedia language editions, the way women are portrayed starkly differs from the way men are portrayed. We hope our work contributes to increasing awareness about gender biases online, and in particular to raising attention to the different levels in which gender biases can manifest themselves on the web.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 6; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generationcited by 412
- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 117
- 2022Whose Language Counts as High Quality? Measuring Language Ideologies in Text Data Selectioncited by 53
- 2022Datasheet for the Pilecited by 43
- 2023Social Bias Probing: Fairness Benchmarking for Language Modelscited by 32
- 2021Reliability Testing for Natural Language Processing Systemscited by 25
- 2021Reusable Templates and Guides For Documenting Datasets and Models for Natural Language Processing and Generation: A Case Study of the HuggingFace and GEM Data and Model Cardscited by 24
- 2022Under the Morphosyntactic Lens: A Multifaceted Evaluation of Gender Bias in Speech Translationcited by 23
- 2021SynthBio: A Case Study in Human-AI Collaborative Curation of Text Datasetscited by 18
- 2023Bias in News Summarization: Measures, Pitfalls and Corporacited by 18
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Modelscited by 15
- 2024From Transparency to Accountability and Back: A Discussion of Access and Evidence in AI Auditingcited by 15
18 more
- 2023Evaluating the Fairness of Discriminative Foundation Models in Computer Visioncited by 12
- 2024Locating Information Gaps and Narrative Inconsistencies Across Languages: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals on Wikipediacited by 10
- 2021Social Norm Bias: Residual Harms of Fairness-Aware Algorithmscited by 6
- 2021Quantifying Gender Biases Towards Politicians on Redditcited by 5
- 2023How Prevalent is Gender Bias in ChatGPT? -- Exploring German and English ChatGPT Responsescited by 5
- 2024How far can bias go? Tracing bias from pretraining data to alignmentcited by 5
- 2022The Lifecycle of "Facts": A Survey of Social Bias in Knowledge Graphscited by 4
- 2024Are Female Carpenters like Blue Bananas? A Corpus Investigation of Occupation Gender Typicalitycited by 3
- 2025Social Biases in Knowledge Representations of Wikidata separates Global North from Global Southcited by 3
- 2023Diversity matters: Robustness of bias measurements in Wikidatacited by 2
- 2026Is Grokipedia Right-Leaning? Comparing Political Framing in Wikipedia and Grokipedia on Controversial Topicscited by 1
- 2021Bias in Knowledge Graphs -- an Empirical Study with Movie Recommendation and Different Language Editions of DBpediacited by 0
- 2022Towards Lexical Gender Inference: A Scalable Methodology using Online Databasescited by 0
- 2022Identifying gender bias in blockbuster movies through the lens of machine learningcited by 0
- 2023Toxic comments reduce the activity of volunteer editors on Wikipediacited by 0
- 2023How-to Guides for Specific Audiences: A Corpus and Initial Findingscited by 0
- 2024A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languagescited by 0
- 2025Fair Play in the Newsroom: Actor-Based Filtering Gender Discrimination in Text Corporacited by 0
- 2026Is Grokipedia Right-Leaning? Comparing Political Framing in Wikipedia and Grokipedia on Controversial Topics21 Jan 2026
- 2025Fair Play in the Newsroom: Actor-Based Filtering Gender Discrimination in Text Corpora7 Aug 2025
- 2025Social Biases in Knowledge Representations of Wikidata separates Global North from Global South5 May 2025
- 2024How far can bias go? Tracing bias from pretraining data to alignment28 Nov 2024
- 2024From Transparency to Accountability and Back: A Discussion of Access and Evidence in AI Auditing7 Oct 2024
- 2024Locating Information Gaps and Narrative Inconsistencies Across Languages: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals on Wikipedia5 Oct 2024
- 2024Are Female Carpenters like Blue Bananas? A Corpus Investigation of Occupation Gender Typicality6 Aug 2024
- 2024A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languages27 Mar 2024
- 2023Social Bias Probing: Fairness Benchmarking for Language Models15 Nov 2023
- 2023Evaluating the Fairness of Discriminative Foundation Models in Computer Vision18 Oct 2023
- 2023How Prevalent is Gender Bias in ChatGPT? -- Exploring German and English ChatGPT Responses21 Sep 2023
- 2023How-to Guides for Specific Audiences: A Corpus and Initial Findings21 Sep 2023
18 more
- 2023Bias in News Summarization: Measures, Pitfalls and Corpora14 Sep 2023
- 2023Toxic comments reduce the activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia26 Apr 2023
- 2023Diversity matters: Robustness of bias measurements in Wikidata27 Feb 2023
- 2022Identifying gender bias in blockbuster movies through the lens of machine learning21 Nov 2022
- 2022The Lifecycle of "Facts": A Survey of Social Bias in Knowledge Graphs7 Oct 2022
- 2022Towards Lexical Gender Inference: A Scalable Methodology using Online Databases28 Jun 2022
- 2022Under the Morphosyntactic Lens: A Multifaceted Evaluation of Gender Bias in Speech Translation18 Mar 2022
- 2022Whose Language Counts as High Quality? Measuring Language Ideologies in Text Data Selection25 Jan 2022
- 2022Datasheet for the Pile13 Jan 2022
- 2021Quantifying Gender Biases Towards Politicians on Reddit22 Dec 2021
- 2021SynthBio: A Case Study in Human-AI Collaborative Curation of Text Datasets11 Nov 2021
- 2021Social Norm Bias: Residual Harms of Fairness-Aware Algorithms25 Aug 2021
- 2021Reusable Templates and Guides For Documenting Datasets and Models for Natural Language Processing and Generation: A Case Study of the HuggingFace and GEM Data and Model Cards16 Aug 2021
- 2021Reliability Testing for Natural Language Processing Systems6 May 2021
- 2021Bias in Knowledge Graphs -- an Empirical Study with Movie Recommendation and Different Language Editions of DBpedia3 May 2021
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Models15 Apr 2021
- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translation13 Apr 2021
- 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generation27 Jan 2021
- 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generationcited by 412
- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 117
- 2022Whose Language Counts as High Quality? Measuring Language Ideologies in Text Data Selectioncited by 53
- 2022Datasheet for the Pilecited by 43
- 2023Social Bias Probing: Fairness Benchmarking for Language Modelscited by 32
- 2021Reliability Testing for Natural Language Processing Systemscited by 25
- 2021Reusable Templates and Guides For Documenting Datasets and Models for Natural Language Processing and Generation: A Case Study of the HuggingFace and GEM Data and Model Cardscited by 24
- 2022Under the Morphosyntactic Lens: A Multifaceted Evaluation of Gender Bias in Speech Translationcited by 23
- 2021SynthBio: A Case Study in Human-AI Collaborative Curation of Text Datasetscited by 18
- 2023Bias in News Summarization: Measures, Pitfalls and Corporacited by 18
- 2021Quantifying Gender Bias Towards Politicians in Cross-Lingual Language Modelscited by 15
- 2024From Transparency to Accountability and Back: A Discussion of Access and Evidence in AI Auditingcited by 15
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026Is Grokipedia Right-Leaning? Comparing Political Framing in Wikipedia and Grokipedia on Controversial Topics21 Jan 2026
- 2025Fair Play in the Newsroom: Actor-Based Filtering Gender Discrimination in Text Corpora7 Aug 2025
- 2025Social Biases in Knowledge Representations of Wikidata separates Global North from Global South5 May 2025
- 2024How far can bias go? Tracing bias from pretraining data to alignment28 Nov 2024
- 2024From Transparency to Accountability and Back: A Discussion of Access and Evidence in AI Auditing7 Oct 2024
- 2024Locating Information Gaps and Narrative Inconsistencies Across Languages: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals on Wikipedia5 Oct 2024
- 2024Are Female Carpenters like Blue Bananas? A Corpus Investigation of Occupation Gender Typicality6 Aug 2024
- 2024A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languages27 Mar 2024
- 2023Social Bias Probing: Fairness Benchmarking for Language Models15 Nov 2023
- 2023Evaluating the Fairness of Discriminative Foundation Models in Computer Vision18 Oct 2023
- 2023How Prevalent is Gender Bias in ChatGPT? -- Exploring German and English ChatGPT Responses21 Sep 2023
- 2023How-to Guides for Specific Audiences: A Corpus and Initial Findings21 Sep 2023
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)