Embracing Consistency: A One-Stage Approach for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding
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Abstract (arXiv)
Spatio-Temporal video grounding (STVG) focuses on retrieving the spatio-temporal tube of a specific object depicted by a free-form textual expression. Existing approaches mainly treat this complicated task as a parallel frame-grounding problem and thus suffer from two types of inconsistency drawbacks: feature alignment inconsistency and prediction inconsistency. In this paper, we present an end-to-end one-stage framework, termed Spatio-Temporal Consistency-Aware Transformer (STCAT), to alleviate these issues. Specially, we introduce a novel multi-modal template as the global objective to address this task, which explicitly constricts the grounding region and associates the predictions among all video frames. Moreover, to generate the above template under sufficient video-textual perception, an encoder-decoder architecture is proposed for effective global context modeling. Thanks to these critical designs, STCAT enjoys more consistent cross-modal feature alignment and tube prediction without reliance on any pre-trained object detectors. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-arts with clear margins on two challenging video benchmarks (VidSTG and HC-STVG), illustrating the superiority of the proposed framework to better understanding the association between vision and natural language. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/jy0205/STCAT.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2022.
Builds on
47 of 54 references.
References · 47
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 18; 2026: 12.
40 papers.
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- 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoningcited by 152
- 2024Context-Guided Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 45
- 2025Open-o3-Video: Grounded Video Reasoning with Explicit Spatio-Temporal Evidencecited by 43
- 2023Video-GroundingDINO: Towards Open-Vocabulary Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 32
- 2025SpaceVLLM: Endowing Multimodal Large Language Model with Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding Capabilitycited by 28
- 2022Vision+X: A Survey on Multimodal Learning in the Light of Datacited by 22
- 2023Single-Stage Visual Query Localization in Egocentric Videoscited by 20
- 2025Knowing Your Target: Target-Aware Transformer Makes Better Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 17
- 2024Text-controlled Motion Mamba: Text-Instructed Temporal Grounding of Human Motioncited by 16
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalistcited by 15
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language modelscited by 13
- 2025Cross-modal Causal Relation Alignment for Video Question Groundingcited by 12
28 more
- 2025STPro: Spatial and Temporal Progressive Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 11
- 2025Fine-grained Spatiotemporal Grounding on Egocentric Videoscited by 11
- 2023What, when, and where? -- Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Grounding in Untrimmed Multi-Action Videos from Narrated Instructionscited by 10
- 2023Dense Video Object Captioning from Disjoint Supervisioncited by 10
- 2025Contextual Self-paced Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 10
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Multimodal LLMs for Zero-Shot Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 9
- 2025OmniSTVG: Toward Spatio-Temporal Omni-Object Video Groundingcited by 7
- 2025Large-scale Pre-training for Grounded Video Caption Generationcited by 5
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarioscited by 4
- 2024Described Spatial-Temporal Video Detectioncited by 3
- 2026Bridging Time and Space: Decoupled Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Video Groundingcited by 3
- 2025Image-to-Video Transfer Learning based on Image-Language Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 2
- 2026Towards Long-Form Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 2
- 2025TubeRMC: Tube-conditioned Reconstruction with Mutual Constraints for Weakly-supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 1
- 2025Detector-Empowered Video Large Language Model for Efficient Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 1
- 2024Grounded Video Caption Generationcited by 0
- 2025VideoGEM: Training-free Action Grounding in Videoscited by 0
- 2025Track and Caption Any Motion: Open-Vocabulary Spatiotemporal Captioning via Trajectory-Conditioned Generationcited by 0
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Unlocking the Potential of Grounding DINO in Videos: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Limited-Data Spatial-Temporal Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Subjective Portrait Region Cropping in Landscape Videos with Temporal Annotation Smoothingcited by 0
- 2026VISTA: Video Interaction Spatio-Temporal Analysis Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026Knowledge-Preserved Model Tuning in Null-Space for Robust Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 0
- 2026Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Visual Grounding for Remote Sensing Images and Videoscited by 0
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verificationcited by 0
- 2026ScanFocus: A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 0
- 2026RefineRank: Joint Box Refinement and Ranking for Surgical Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 0
- 2026Pocket-STVG: lightweight architecture for Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 0
- 2026Pocket-STVG: lightweight architecture for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding25 Sep 2026
- 2026RefineRank: Joint Box Refinement and Ranking for Surgical Spatio-Temporal Grounding25 Aug 2026
- 2026ScanFocus: A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding15 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verification27 Jun 2026
- 2026Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Visual Grounding for Remote Sensing Images and Videos15 Jun 2026
- 2026Knowledge-Preserved Model Tuning in Null-Space for Robust Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding2 Jun 2026
- 2026VISTA: Video Interaction Spatio-Temporal Analysis Benchmark2 May 2026
- 2026Subjective Portrait Region Cropping in Landscape Videos with Temporal Annotation Smoothing27 Apr 2026
- 2026Unlocking the Potential of Grounding DINO in Videos: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Limited-Data Spatial-Temporal Localization14 Apr 2026
- 2026Bridging Time and Space: Decoupled Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Video Grounding9 Apr 2026
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wild15 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Long-Form Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding26 Feb 2026
28 more
- 2025Track and Caption Any Motion: Open-Vocabulary Spatiotemporal Captioning via Trajectory-Conditioned Generation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Detector-Empowered Video Large Language Model for Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding7 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarios21 Nov 2025
- 2025TubeRMC: Tube-conditioned Reconstruction with Mutual Constraints for Weakly-supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding13 Nov 2025
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalist11 Nov 2025
- 2025Open-o3-Video: Grounded Video Reasoning with Explicit Spatio-Temporal Evidence23 Oct 2025
- 2025Image-to-Video Transfer Learning based on Image-Language Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey12 Oct 2025
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Multimodal LLMs for Zero-Shot Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding18 Sep 2025
- 2025Fine-grained Spatiotemporal Grounding on Egocentric Videos1 Aug 2025
- 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoning2 Apr 2025
- 2025VideoGEM: Training-free Action Grounding in Videos26 Mar 2025
- 2025SpaceVLLM: Endowing Multimodal Large Language Model with Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding Capability18 Mar 2025
- 2025Large-scale Pre-training for Grounded Video Caption Generation13 Mar 2025
- 2025OmniSTVG: Toward Spatio-Temporal Omni-Object Video Grounding13 Mar 2025
- 2025Cross-modal Causal Relation Alignment for Video Question Grounding5 Mar 2025
- 2025STPro: Spatial and Temporal Progressive Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Grounding28 Feb 2025
- 2025Knowing Your Target: Target-Aware Transformer Makes Better Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding16 Feb 2025
- 2025Contextual Self-paced Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding28 Jan 2025
- 2024Grounded Video Caption Generation12 Nov 2024
- 2024Described Spatial-Temporal Video Detection8 Jul 2024
- 2024Text-controlled Motion Mamba: Text-Instructed Temporal Grounding of Human Motion17 Apr 2024
- 2024Context-Guided Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding3 Jan 2024
- 2023Video-GroundingDINO: Towards Open-Vocabulary Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding31 Dec 2023
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language models30 Jun 2023
- 2023Dense Video Object Captioning from Disjoint Supervision20 Jun 2023
- 2023Single-Stage Visual Query Localization in Egocentric Videos15 Jun 2023
- 2023What, when, and where? -- Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Grounding in Untrimmed Multi-Action Videos from Narrated Instructions29 Mar 2023
- 2022Vision+X: A Survey on Multimodal Learning in the Light of Data5 Oct 2022
- 2025SpaceVLLM: Endowing Multimodal Large Language Model with Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding Capabilitycited by 28
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Multimodal LLMs for Zero-Shot Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 9
- 2026Bridging Time and Space: Decoupled Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Video Groundingcited by 3
- 2025Detector-Empowered Video Large Language Model for Efficient Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 1
- 2025VideoGEM: Training-free Action Grounding in Videoscited by 0
- 2026VISTA: Video Interaction Spatio-Temporal Analysis Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026RefineRank: Joint Box Refinement and Ranking for Surgical Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 0
- 2026RefineRank: Joint Box Refinement and Ranking for Surgical Spatio-Temporal Grounding25 Aug 2026
- 2026VISTA: Video Interaction Spatio-Temporal Analysis Benchmark2 May 2026
- 2026Bridging Time and Space: Decoupled Spatio-Temporal Alignment for Video Grounding9 Apr 2026
- 2025Detector-Empowered Video Large Language Model for Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding7 Dec 2025
- 2025Unleashing the Potential of Multimodal LLMs for Zero-Shot Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding18 Sep 2025
- 2025VideoGEM: Training-free Action Grounding in Videos26 Mar 2025
- 2025SpaceVLLM: Endowing Multimodal Large Language Model with Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding Capability18 Mar 2025
- 2024Context-Guided Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 45
- 2023Video-GroundingDINO: Towards Open-Vocabulary Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 32
- 2022Vision+X: A Survey on Multimodal Learning in the Light of Datacited by 22
- 2023Single-Stage Visual Query Localization in Egocentric Videoscited by 20
- 2025Knowing Your Target: Target-Aware Transformer Makes Better Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 17
- 2025Cross-modal Causal Relation Alignment for Video Question Groundingcited by 12
- 2025STPro: Spatial and Temporal Progressive Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Groundingcited by 11
- 2025Fine-grained Spatiotemporal Grounding on Egocentric Videoscited by 11
- 2023What, when, and where? -- Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Grounding in Untrimmed Multi-Action Videos from Narrated Instructionscited by 10
- 2023Dense Video Object Captioning from Disjoint Supervisioncited by 10
- 2025Contextual Self-paced Learning for Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 10
- 2025OmniSTVG: Toward Spatio-Temporal Omni-Object Video Groundingcited by 7
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026Pocket-STVG: lightweight architecture for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding25 Sep 2026
- 2026ScanFocus: A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding15 Jul 2026
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verification27 Jun 2026
- 2026Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Visual Grounding for Remote Sensing Images and Videos15 Jun 2026
- 2026Knowledge-Preserved Model Tuning in Null-Space for Robust Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding2 Jun 2026
- 2026Subjective Portrait Region Cropping in Landscape Videos with Temporal Annotation Smoothing27 Apr 2026
- 2026Unlocking the Potential of Grounding DINO in Videos: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Limited-Data Spatial-Temporal Localization14 Apr 2026
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wild15 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Long-Form Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding26 Feb 2026
- 2025Track and Caption Any Motion: Open-Vocabulary Spatiotemporal Captioning via Trajectory-Conditioned Generation11 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniGround: A Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Grounding Benchmark for Real-World Complex Scenarios21 Nov 2025
- 2025TubeRMC: Tube-conditioned Reconstruction with Mutual Constraints for Weakly-supervised Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding13 Nov 2025
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)