Object Referring in Videos with Language and Human Gaze
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Abstract (arXiv)
We investigate the problem of object referring (OR) i.e. to localize a target object in a visual scene coming with a language description. Humans perceive the world more as continued video snippets than as static images, and describe objects not only by their appearance, but also by their spatio-temporal context and motion features. Humans also gaze at the object when they issue a referring expression. Existing works for OR mostly focus on static images only, which fall short in providing many such cues. This paper addresses OR in videos with language and human gaze. To that end, we present a new video dataset for OR, with 30, 000 objects over 5, 000 stereo video sequences annotated for their descriptions and gaze. We further propose a novel network model for OR in videos, by integrating appearance, motion, gaze, and spatio-temporal context into one network. Experimental results show that our method effectively utilizes motion cues, human gaze, and spatio-temporal context. Our method outperforms previousOR methods. For dataset and code, please refer https://people.ee.ethz.ch/~arunv/ORGaze.html.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 9; 2023: 10; 2024: 10; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.
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- 2023Vision Language Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey and Outlookcited by 124
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Drivingcited by 110
- 2022TubeDETR: Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding with Transformerscited by 97
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 91
- 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Drivingcited by 88
- 2024Holistic Autonomous Driving Understanding by Bird's-Eye-View Injected Multi-Modal Large Modelscited by 75
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlookcited by 65
- 2022Embracing Consistency: A One-Stage Approach for Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 40
- 2023Towards Knowledge-driven Autonomous Drivingcited by 29
- 2023Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User's Gaze Attentioncited by 28
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2022Do Transformer Models Show Similar Attention Patterns to Task-Specific Human Gaze?cited by 20
28 more
- 2024Can Large Vision-Language Models Correct Semantic Grounding Errors By Themselves?cited by 20
- 2022RadioTransformer: A Cascaded Global-Focal Transformer for Visual Attention-guided Disease Classificationcited by 19
- 2022End-to-End Modeling via Information Tree for One-Shot Natural Language Spatial Video Groundingcited by 19
- 2025STSBench: A Spatio-temporal Scenario Benchmark for Multi-modal Large Language Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language modelscited by 13
- 2025RefAV: Towards Planning-Centric Scenario Miningcited by 13
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Attention and Gaussian Processes for Personalized Video Gaze Estimationcited by 12
- 20244-LEGS: 4D Language Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2022Correspondence Matters for Video Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 10
- 2024MLS-Track: Multilevel Semantic Interaction in RMOTcited by 7
- 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehiclescited by 7
- 2021Giving Commands to a Self-Driving Car: How to Deal with Uncertain Situations?cited by 6
- 2023Multi-Modal Gaze Following in Conversational Scenarioscited by 6
- 2024Temporal-Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Referring Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentationcited by 6
- 2021Leveraging Human Selective Attention for Medical Image Analysis with Limited Training Datacited by 5
- 2024Look Hear: Gaze Prediction for Speech-directed Human Attentioncited by 5
- 2022Video Referring Expression Comprehension via Transformer with Content-aware Querycited by 4
- 2023Video Referring Expression Comprehension via Transformer with Content-conditioned Querycited by 4
- 2025ChatBEV: Empowering Traffic Scene Understanding and Simulation via Vision-Language Modelcited by 4
- 2022Gaussian Kernel-based Cross Modal Network for Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 3
- 2026Probing the Reliability of Driving VLMs: From Inconsistent Responses to Grounded Temporal Reasoningcited by 2
- 2021Neural Variational Learning for Grounded Language Acquisitioncited by 1
- 2022Where and What: Driver Attention-based Object Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Look and Tell: A Dataset for Multimodal Grounding Across Egocentric and Exocentric Viewscited by 1
- 2026Talk2DM: Enabling Natural Language Querying and Commonsense Reasoning for Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integrated Dynamic Maps with Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videoscited by 0
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verification27 Jun 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2026Probing the Reliability of Driving VLMs: From Inconsistent Responses to Grounded Temporal Reasoning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Talk2DM: Enabling Natural Language Querying and Commonsense Reasoning for Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integrated Dynamic Maps with Large Language Models12 Feb 2026
- 2025Look and Tell: A Dataset for Multimodal Grounding Across Egocentric and Exocentric Views26 Oct 2025
- 2025STSBench: A Spatio-temporal Scenario Benchmark for Multi-modal Large Language Models in Autonomous Driving6 Jun 2025
- 2025RefAV: Towards Planning-Centric Scenario Mining27 May 2025
- 2025ChatBEV: Empowering Traffic Scene Understanding and Simulation via Vision-Language Model18 Mar 2025
- 2024Temporal-Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Referring Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation17 Oct 2024
- 20244-LEGS: 4D Language Embedded Gaussian Splatting14 Oct 2024
- 2024Look Hear: Gaze Prediction for Speech-directed Human Attention28 Jul 2024
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
28 more
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2024MLS-Track: Multilevel Semantic Interaction in RMOT18 Apr 2024
- 2024Can Large Vision-Language Models Correct Semantic Grounding Errors By Themselves?9 Apr 2024
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Attention and Gaussian Processes for Personalized Video Gaze Estimation8 Apr 2024
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlook2 Jan 2024
- 2024Holistic Autonomous Driving Understanding by Bird's-Eye-View Injected Multi-Modal Large Models2 Jan 2024
- 2023Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User's Gaze Attention22 Dec 2023
- 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehicles8 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Knowledge-driven Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2023
- 2023Multi-Modal Gaze Following in Conversational Scenarios9 Nov 2023
- 2023Video Referring Expression Comprehension via Transformer with Content-conditioned Query25 Oct 2023
- 2023Vision Language Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey and Outlook22 Oct 2023
- 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Driving3 Oct 2023
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Driving8 Sep 2023
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language models30 Jun 2023
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Tracking6 Mar 2023
- 2022Video Referring Expression Comprehension via Transformer with Content-aware Query6 Oct 2022
- 2022Embracing Consistency: A One-Stage Approach for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding27 Sep 2022
- 2022Correspondence Matters for Video Referring Expression Comprehension21 Jul 2022
- 2022Gaussian Kernel-based Cross Modal Network for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding2 Jul 2022
- 2022Where and What: Driver Attention-based Object Detection26 Apr 2022
- 2022Do Transformer Models Show Similar Attention Patterns to Task-Specific Human Gaze?25 Apr 2022
- 2022TubeDETR: Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding with Transformers30 Mar 2022
- 2022End-to-End Modeling via Information Tree for One-Shot Natural Language Spatial Video Grounding15 Mar 2022
- 2022RadioTransformer: A Cascaded Global-Focal Transformer for Visual Attention-guided Disease Classification23 Feb 2022
- 2021Leveraging Human Selective Attention for Medical Image Analysis with Limited Training Data2 Dec 2021
- 2021Neural Variational Learning for Grounded Language Acquisition20 Jul 2021
- 2021Giving Commands to a Self-Driving Car: How to Deal with Uncertain Situations?8 Jun 2021
- 2023Vision Language Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey and Outlookcited by 124
- 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Drivingcited by 88
- 2024Holistic Autonomous Driving Understanding by Bird's-Eye-View Injected Multi-Modal Large Modelscited by 75
- 2023Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User's Gaze Attentioncited by 28
- 2024Can Large Vision-Language Models Correct Semantic Grounding Errors By Themselves?cited by 20
- 2025STSBench: A Spatio-temporal Scenario Benchmark for Multi-modal Large Language Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2025ChatBEV: Empowering Traffic Scene Understanding and Simulation via Vision-Language Modelcited by 4
- 2025STSBench: A Spatio-temporal Scenario Benchmark for Multi-modal Large Language Models in Autonomous Driving6 Jun 2025
- 2025ChatBEV: Empowering Traffic Scene Understanding and Simulation via Vision-Language Model18 Mar 2025
- 2024Can Large Vision-Language Models Correct Semantic Grounding Errors By Themselves?9 Apr 2024
- 2024Holistic Autonomous Driving Understanding by Bird's-Eye-View Injected Multi-Modal Large Models2 Jan 2024
- 2023Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User's Gaze Attention22 Dec 2023
- 2023Vision Language Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey and Outlook22 Oct 2023
- 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Driving3 Oct 2023
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language modelscited by 13
- 2026Probing the Reliability of Driving VLMs: From Inconsistent Responses to Grounded Temporal Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026Talk2DM: Enabling Natural Language Querying and Commonsense Reasoning for Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integrated Dynamic Maps with Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Probing the Reliability of Driving VLMs: From Inconsistent Responses to Grounded Temporal Reasoning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Talk2DM: Enabling Natural Language Querying and Commonsense Reasoning for Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integrated Dynamic Maps with Large Language Models12 Feb 2026
- 2023Look, Remember and Reason: Grounded reasoning in videos with language models30 Jun 2023
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Drivingcited by 110
- 2023Towards Knowledge-driven Autonomous Drivingcited by 29
- 2023Towards Knowledge-driven Autonomous Driving7 Dec 2023
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Driving8 Sep 2023
- 2022TubeDETR: Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding with Transformerscited by 97
- 2023Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 91
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlookcited by 65
- 2022Embracing Consistency: A One-Stage Approach for Spatio-Temporal Video Groundingcited by 40
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 21
- 2022Do Transformer Models Show Similar Attention Patterns to Task-Specific Human Gaze?cited by 20
- 2022RadioTransformer: A Cascaded Global-Focal Transformer for Visual Attention-guided Disease Classificationcited by 19
- 2022End-to-End Modeling via Information Tree for One-Shot Natural Language Spatial Video Groundingcited by 19
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2025RefAV: Towards Planning-Centric Scenario Miningcited by 13
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Attention and Gaussian Processes for Personalized Video Gaze Estimationcited by 12
- 20244-LEGS: 4D Language Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verification27 Jun 2026
- 2026STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos12 Apr 2026
- 2025Look and Tell: A Dataset for Multimodal Grounding Across Egocentric and Exocentric Views26 Oct 2025
- 2025RefAV: Towards Planning-Centric Scenario Mining27 May 2025
- 2024Temporal-Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Referring Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation17 Oct 2024
- 20244-LEGS: 4D Language Embedded Gaussian Splatting14 Oct 2024
- 2024Look Hear: Gaze Prediction for Speech-directed Human Attention28 Jul 2024
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
- 2024Bootstrapping Referring Multi-Object Tracking7 Jun 2024
- 2024MLS-Track: Multilevel Semantic Interaction in RMOT18 Apr 2024
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Attention and Gaussian Processes for Personalized Video Gaze Estimation8 Apr 2024
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlook2 Jan 2024
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)