Box-supervised Instance Segmentation with Level Set Evolution
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Abstract (arXiv)
In contrast to the fully supervised methods using pixel-wise mask labels, box-supervised instance segmentation takes advantage of the simple box annotations, which has recently attracted a lot of research attentions. In this paper, we propose a novel single-shot box-supervised instance segmentation approach, which integrates the classical level set model with deep neural network delicately. Specifically, our proposed method iteratively learns a series of level sets through a continuous Chan-Vese energy-based function in an end-to-end fashion. A simple mask supervised SOLOv2 model is adapted to predict the instance-aware mask map as the level set for each instance. Both the input image and its deep features are employed as the input data to evolve the level set curves, where a box projection function is employed to obtain the initial boundary. By minimizing the fully differentiable energy function, the level set for each instance is iteratively optimized within its corresponding bounding box annotation. The experimental results on four challenging benchmarks demonstrate the leading performance of our proposed approach to robust instance segmentation in various scenarios. The code is available at: https://github.com/LiWentomng/boxlevelset.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2022.
Builds on
30 of 55 references.
References · 30
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2016V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2,284
- 2019MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmarkcited by 1,379
- 2019The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)cited by 504
- 2019YOLACT: Real-time Instance Segmentationcited by 441
- 2019PointRend: Image Segmentation as Renderingcited by 439
- 2017Deep Layer Aggregationcited by 436
- 2020Conditional Convolutions for Instance Segmentationcited by 314
- 2019Mask Scoring R-CNNcited by 265
- 2016Simple Does It: Weakly Supervised Instance and Semantic Segmentationcited by 226
18 more
- 2019iSAID: A Large-scale Dataset for Instance Segmentation in Aerial Imagescited by 195
- 2019PolarMask: Single Shot Instance Segmentation with Polar Representationcited by 188
- 2020BoxInst: High-Performance Instance Segmentation with Box Annotationscited by 150
- 2020Deep Snake for Real-Time Instance Segmentationcited by 111
- 2021BBAM: Bounding Box Attribution Map for Weakly Supervised Semantic and Instance Segmentationcited by 104
- 2015Multiscale Combinatorial Grouping for Image Segmentation and Object Proposal Generationcited by 90
- 2019YOLACT++: Better Real-time Instance Segmentationcited by 84
- 2020Boundary-preserving Mask R-CNNcited by 74
- 2021DiscoBox: Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation and Semantic Correspondence from Box Supervisioncited by 59
- 2021RefineMask: Towards High-Quality Instance Segmentation with Fine-Grained Featurescited by 47
- 2022Tree Energy Loss: Towards Sparsely Annotated Semantic Segmentationcited by 47
- 2019Mumford-Shah Loss Functional for Image Segmentation with Deep Learningcited by 35
- 2020Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation by Learning Annotation Consistent Instancescited by 31
- 2019Learnable Tree Filter for Structure-preserving Feature Transformcited by 25
- 2021Weakly-supervised Instance Segmentation via Class-agnostic Learning with Salient Imagescited by 20
- 2020LevelSet R-CNN: A Deep Variational Method for Instance Segmentationcited by 13
- 2020Deep Variational Instance Segmentationcited by 7
- 2018Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation Using Hybrid Networkcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 16; 2024: 7; 2025: 10; 2026: 4.
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- 2023A Simple Framework for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation and Detectioncited by 197
- 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 36
- 2022BoxTeacher: Exploring High-Quality Pseudo Labels for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 31
- 2023H2RBox-v2: Incorporating Symmetry for Boosting Horizontal Box Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 28
- 2023PointOBB: Learning Oriented Object Detection via Single Point Supervisioncited by 25
- 2023Point2Mask: Point-supervised Panoptic Segmentation via Optimal Transportcited by 23
- 2022Box2Mask: Box-supervised Instance Segmentation via Level-set Evolutioncited by 22
- 2023The Devil is in the Points: Weakly Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation via Point-Guided Mask Representationcited by 21
- 2023Mask-Free Video Instance Segmentationcited by 20
- 2023U3DS3: Unsupervised 3D Semantic Scene Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023Semantic-aware SAM for Point-Prompted Instance Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023Vision Transformers Are Good Mask Auto-Labelerscited by 14
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- 2023BoxSnake: Polygonal Instance Segmentation with Box Supervisioncited by 12
- 2023SIM: Semantic-aware Instance Mask Generation for Box-Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 11
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- 2024Label-efficient Semantic Scene Completion with Scribble Annotationscited by 9
- 2025PointOBB-v3: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Single Point-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2023Label-efficient Segmentation via Affinity Propagationcited by 7
- 2023GaPro: Box-Supervised 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation Using Gaussian Processes as Pseudo Labelerscited by 6
- 2025Wholly-WOOD: Wholly Leveraging Diversified-quality Labels for Weakly-supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generationcited by 6
- 2024Fine-grained Background Representation for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
- 2022AsyInst: Asymmetric Affinity with DepthGrad and Color for Box-Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 3
- 2024Extreme Point Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 3
- 2025Flip Learning: Weakly Supervised Erase to Segment Nodules in Breast Ultrasoundcited by 3
- 2025Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Advancing Visual Large Language Model for Multi-granular Versatile Perceptioncited by 3
- 2023IBoxCLA: Towards Robust Box-supervised Segmentation of Polyp via Improved Box-dice and Contrastive Latent-anchorscited by 2
- 2024Boosting Box-supervised Instance Segmentation with Pseudo Depthcited by 2
- 2023PWISeg: Point-based Weakly-supervised Instance Segmentation for Surgical Instrumentscited by 1
- 2024Advancing Grounded Multimodal Named Entity Recognition via LLM-Based Reformulation and Box-Based Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Towards Optimal Heterogeneous Client Sampling in Multi-Model Federated Learningcited by 1
- 2023BoxVIS: Video Instance Segmentation with Box Annotationscited by 0
- 2024Improving Weakly-supervised Video Instance Segmentation by Leveraging Spatio-temporal Consistencycited by 0
- 2025DEPT: Deep Extreme Point Tracing for Ultrasound Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Single Point, Full Mask: Velocity-Guided Level Set Evolution for End-to-End Amodal Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Extreme Point Tracing for Weakly Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025TA-LSDiff:Topology-Aware Diffusion Guided by a Level Set Energy for Pancreas Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026SPWOOD: Sparse Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026SAPNet++: Evolving Point-Prompted Instance Segmentation with Semantic and Spatial Awarenesscited by 0
- 2026Weakly-Supervised Referring Video Object Segmentation through Text Supervisioncited by 0
- 2026Weakly-Supervised Referring Video Object Segmentation through Text Supervision20 Apr 2026
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generation13 Apr 2026
- 2026SAPNet++: Evolving Point-Prompted Instance Segmentation with Semantic and Spatial Awareness25 Feb 2026
- 2026SPWOOD: Sparse Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detection3 Feb 2026
- 2025TA-LSDiff:Topology-Aware Diffusion Guided by a Level Set Energy for Pancreas Segmentation2 Nov 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Extreme Point Tracing for Weakly Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentation17 Oct 2025
- 2025Single Point, Full Mask: Velocity-Guided Level Set Evolution for End-to-End Amodal Segmentation3 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Visual Large Language Model for Multi-granular Versatile Perception22 Jul 2025
- 2025Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detection3 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Optimal Heterogeneous Client Sampling in Multi-Model Federated Learning7 Apr 2025
- 2025Flip Learning: Weakly Supervised Erase to Segment Nodules in Breast Ultrasound26 Mar 2025
- 2025DEPT: Deep Extreme Point Tracing for Ultrasound Image Segmentation19 Mar 2025
29 more
- 2025Wholly-WOOD: Wholly Leveraging Diversified-quality Labels for Weakly-supervised Oriented Object Detection13 Feb 2025
- 2025PointOBB-v3: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Single Point-Supervised Oriented Object Detection23 Jan 2025
- 2024Improving Weakly-supervised Video Instance Segmentation by Leveraging Spatio-temporal Consistency29 Aug 2024
- 2024Fine-grained Background Representation for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation22 Jun 2024
- 2024Advancing Grounded Multimodal Named Entity Recognition via LLM-Based Reformulation and Box-Based Segmentation11 Jun 2024
- 2024Extreme Point Supervised Instance Segmentation31 May 2024
- 2024Label-efficient Semantic Scene Completion with Scribble Annotations24 May 2024
- 2024Boosting Box-supervised Instance Segmentation with Pseudo Depth2 Mar 2024
- 2024WeakSAM: Segment Anything Meets Weakly-supervised Instance-level Recognition22 Feb 2024
- 2023Semantic-aware SAM for Point-Prompted Instance Segmentation26 Dec 2023
- 2023PointOBB: Learning Oriented Object Detection via Single Point Supervision23 Nov 2023
- 2023PWISeg: Point-based Weakly-supervised Instance Segmentation for Surgical Instruments16 Nov 2023
- 2023U3DS3: Unsupervised 3D Semantic Scene Segmentation10 Nov 2023
- 2023Label-efficient Segmentation via Affinity Propagation16 Oct 2023
- 2023IBoxCLA: Towards Robust Box-supervised Segmentation of Polyp via Improved Box-dice and Contrastive Latent-anchors11 Oct 2023
- 2023Point2Mask: Point-supervised Panoptic Segmentation via Optimal Transport3 Aug 2023
- 2023GaPro: Box-Supervised 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation Using Gaussian Processes as Pseudo Labelers25 Jul 2023
- 2023H2RBox-v2: Incorporating Symmetry for Boosting Horizontal Box Supervised Oriented Object Detection10 Apr 2023
- 2023Mask-Free Video Instance Segmentation28 Mar 2023
- 2023The Devil is in the Points: Weakly Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation via Point-Guided Mask Representation27 Mar 2023
- 2023BoxVIS: Video Instance Segmentation with Box Annotations26 Mar 2023
- 2023BoxSnake: Polygonal Instance Segmentation with Box Supervision21 Mar 2023
- 2023SIM: Semantic-aware Instance Mask Generation for Box-Supervised Instance Segmentation14 Mar 2023
- 2023A Simple Framework for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation and Detection14 Mar 2023
- 2023Vision Transformers Are Good Mask Auto-Labelers10 Jan 2023
- 2022AsyInst: Asymmetric Affinity with DepthGrad and Color for Box-Supervised Instance Segmentation7 Dec 2022
- 2022Box2Mask: Box-supervised Instance Segmentation via Level-set Evolution3 Dec 2022
- 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detection13 Oct 2022
- 2022BoxTeacher: Exploring High-Quality Pseudo Labels for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation11 Oct 2022
- 2023A Simple Framework for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation and Detectioncited by 197
- 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 36
- 2022BoxTeacher: Exploring High-Quality Pseudo Labels for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 31
- 2023H2RBox-v2: Incorporating Symmetry for Boosting Horizontal Box Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 28
- 2023PointOBB: Learning Oriented Object Detection via Single Point Supervisioncited by 25
- 2023Point2Mask: Point-supervised Panoptic Segmentation via Optimal Transportcited by 23
- 2022Box2Mask: Box-supervised Instance Segmentation via Level-set Evolutioncited by 22
- 2023The Devil is in the Points: Weakly Semi-Supervised Instance Segmentation via Point-Guided Mask Representationcited by 21
- 2023Mask-Free Video Instance Segmentationcited by 20
- 2023U3DS3: Unsupervised 3D Semantic Scene Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023Semantic-aware SAM for Point-Prompted Instance Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023Vision Transformers Are Good Mask Auto-Labelerscited by 14
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- 2026SPWOOD: Sparse Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detection3 Feb 2026
- 2025TA-LSDiff:Topology-Aware Diffusion Guided by a Level Set Energy for Pancreas Segmentation2 Nov 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Extreme Point Tracing for Weakly Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentation17 Oct 2025
- 2025Single Point, Full Mask: Velocity-Guided Level Set Evolution for End-to-End Amodal Segmentation3 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Visual Large Language Model for Multi-granular Versatile Perception22 Jul 2025
- 2025Partial Weakly-Supervised Oriented Object Detection3 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Optimal Heterogeneous Client Sampling in Multi-Model Federated Learning7 Apr 2025
- 2025Flip Learning: Weakly Supervised Erase to Segment Nodules in Breast Ultrasound26 Mar 2025
- 2025DEPT: Deep Extreme Point Tracing for Ultrasound Image Segmentation19 Mar 2025
- 2025Wholly-WOOD: Wholly Leveraging Diversified-quality Labels for Weakly-supervised Oriented Object Detection13 Feb 2025
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