Deep Snake for Real-Time Instance Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper introduces a novel contour-based approach named deep snake for real-time instance segmentation. Unlike some recent methods that directly regress the coordinates of the object boundary points from an image, deep snake uses a neural network to iteratively deform an initial contour to match the object boundary, which implements the classic idea of snake algorithms with a learning-based approach. For structured feature learning on the contour, we propose to use circular convolution in deep snake, which better exploits the cycle-graph structure of a contour compared against generic graph convolution. Based on deep snake, we develop a two-stage pipeline for instance segmentation: initial contour proposal and contour deformation, which can handle errors in object localization. Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves competitive performances on the Cityscapes, KINS, SBD and COCO datasets while being efficient for real-time applications with a speed of 32.3 fps for 512×512 images on a 1080Ti GPU. The code is available at https://github.com/zju3dv/snake/.
Key facts. Cited by 111 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Jan 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 30; 2022: 24; 2023: 18; 2024: 18; 2025: 9; 2026: 12.
111 papers.
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- 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
- 2021Look Closer to Segment Better: Boundary Patch Refinement for Instance Segmentationcited by 43
- 2022Box-supervised Instance Segmentation with Level Set Evolutioncited by 41
38 more
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- 2021VISOLO: Grid-Based Space-Time Aggregation for Efficient Online Video Instance Segmentationcited by 29
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- 2021PolarMask++: Enhanced Polar Representation for Single-Shot Instance Segmentation and Beyondcited by 27
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- 2023BoxSnake: Polygonal Instance Segmentation with Box Supervisioncited by 12
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- 2022Solve the Puzzle of Instance Segmentation in Videos: A Weakly Supervised Framework with Spatio-Temporal Collaborationcited by 11
- 2022Eigencontours: Novel Contour Descriptors Based on Low-Rank Approximationcited by 10
- 2025GAMED-Snake: Gradient-aware Adaptive Momentum Evolution Deep Snake Model for Multi-organ Segmentationcited by 10
- 2021Early Myocardial Infarction Detection over Multi-view Echocardiographycited by 9
- 2023Recurrent Generic Contour-based Instance Segmentation with Progressive Learningcited by 9
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
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- 2021Real-time Instance Segmentation with Discriminative Orientation Mapscited by 6
- 2021CenterPoly: real-time instance segmentation using bounding polygonscited by 6
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- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagescited by 5
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- 2021BezierSeg: Parametric Shape Representation for Fast Object Segmentation in Medical Imagescited by 4
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50 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)
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- 2026Groundbench: Multi-Resolution Polygon Grounding Exposes the Geometry Gap in Vision-Language Models18 Aug 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Anatomy-Aware 3D Mesh Refinement of Pericardium Segmentations on Computed Tomography21 Jul 2026
- 2026PolyBuild: An End-to-End Method for Polygonal Building Contour Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images8 Jun 2026
- 2026Contour-Native Bridge Defect Detection and Compact Digital Archiving with Frequency-Supervised Fourier Contours9 May 2026
- 2026ACPV-Net: All-Class Polygonal Vectorization for Seamless Vector Map Generation from Aerial Imagery17 Mar 2026
- 2026Bridging Object Detection and Segmentation with Polygon Detection Transformers10 Mar 2026
- 2026Adaptive Image Zoom-in with Bounding Box Transformation for UAV Object Detection7 Feb 2026
- 2026Fluxamba: Topology-Aware Anisotropic State Space Models for Geological Lineament Segmentation in Multi-Source Remote Sensing24 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2025Walk the Lines 2: Contour Tracking for Detailed Segmentation7 Nov 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Parcel and Boundary Delineation from Remote Sensing Images: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives20 Aug 2025
- 2025HoliTracer: Holistic Vectorization of Geographic Objects from Large-Size Remote Sensing Imagery22 Jul 2025
- 2025Unified Medical Image Segmentation with State Space Modeling Snake17 Jul 2025
- 2025MARL-MambaContour: Unleashing Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Active Contour Optimization in Medical Image Segmentation23 Jun 2025
- 2025ReVision: Refining Video Diffusion with Explicit 3D Motion Modeling30 Apr 2025
- 2025COIN: Confidence Score-Guided Distillation for Annotation-Free Cell Segmentation14 Mar 2025
- 2025ContourFormer: Real-Time Contour-Based End-to-End Instance Segmentation Transformer29 Jan 2025
- 2025GAMED-Snake: Gradient-aware Adaptive Momentum Evolution Deep Snake Model for Multi-organ Segmentation22 Jan 2025
- 2024A Novel Shape Guided Transformer Network for Instance Segmentation in Remote Sensing Images31 Dec 2024
- 2024Pix2Poly: A Sequence Prediction Method for End-to-end Polygonal Building Footprint Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagery10 Dec 2024
- 2024Cross-organ Deployment of EOS Detection AI without Retraining: Feasibility and Limitation24 Nov 2024
- 2024Bayesian Fusion of Active Contour Models and ConvNet Priors for Standing Dead Tree Segmentation9 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-Sensor Deep Learning for Glacier Mapping18 Sep 2024
- 2024FastTextSpotter: A High-Efficiency Transformer for Multilingual Scene Text Spotting27 Aug 2024
- 2024Enhancing Polygonal Building Segmentation via Oriented Corners17 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep ContourFlow: Advancing Active Contours with Deep Learning15 Jul 2024
- 2024PolyRoom: Room-aware Transformer for Floorplan Reconstruction15 Jul 2024
- 2024Object Segmentation from Open-Vocabulary Manipulation Instructions Based on Optimal Transport Polygon Matching with Multimodal Foundation Models1 Jul 2024
- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Images5 Jun 2024
- 2024UniFS: Universal Few-shot Instance Perception with Point Representations30 Apr 2024
- 2024AdaContour: Adaptive Contour Descriptor with Hierarchical Representation12 Apr 2024
- 2024Circle Representation for Medical Instance Object Segmentation18 Mar 2024
- 2024CenterDisks: Real-time instance segmentation with disk covering5 Mar 2024
- 2024DeepEraser: Deep Iterative Context Mining for Generic Text Eraser29 Feb 2024
- 2024PLCNet: Patch-wise Lane Correction Network for Automatic Lane Correction in High-definition Maps25 Jan 2024
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Sampling8 Jan 2024
- 2023Sign Language Translation with Iterative Prototype23 Aug 2023
- 2023Eosinophils Instance Object Segmentation on Whole Slide Imaging Using Multi-label Circle Representation17 Aug 2023
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction10 Aug 2023
- 2023Synthetic Instance Segmentation from Semantic Image Segmentation Masks2 Aug 2023
- 2023CT-Net: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Contour Transformer25 Jul 2023
- 2023Interactive Segmentation for Diverse Gesture Types Without Context20 Jul 2023
- 2023A Deep Active Contour Model for Delineating Glacier Calving Fronts7 Jul 2023
- 2023EffSeg: Efficient Fine-Grained Instance Segmentation using Structure-Preserving Sparsity4 Jul 2023
- 2023Real-time instance segmentation with polygons using an Intersection-over-Union loss9 May 2023
- 2023SuperpixelGraph: Semi-automatic generation of building footprint through semantic-sensitive superpixel and neural graph networks12 Apr 2023
- 2023Deformable Kernel Expansion Model for Efficient Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detection28 Mar 2023
50 newest of 111 All 111 (JSON)
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- 2021K-Net: Towards Unified Image Segmentationcited by 211
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 192
- 2023PolyFormer: Referring Image Segmentation as Sequential Polygon Generationcited by 147
- 2021SOLQ: Segmenting Objects by Learning Queriescited by 68
- 2021Recurrent Mask Refinement for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentationcited by 63
- 2023UniHCP: A Unified Model for Human-Centric Perceptionscited by 59
- 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
- 2021VPFNet: Improving 3D Object Detection with Virtual Point based LiDAR and Stereo Data Fusioncited by 48
- 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
- 2021Look Closer to Segment Better: Boundary Patch Refinement for Instance Segmentationcited by 43
- 2022Box-supervised Instance Segmentation with Level Set Evolutioncited by 41
12 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)
- 2026PolyTopoBench: A Benchmark for Complex Vector Polygon Generation from Remote Sensing Imagery26 Sep 2026
- 2026FPicker: Topology-Guided Evolution for Filament Tracing in Low-SNR Microscopy8 Sep 2026
- 2026ODE-Based Transformer Decoders for Iterative Sign Language Translation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Anatomy-Aware 3D Mesh Refinement of Pericardium Segmentations on Computed Tomography21 Jul 2026
- 2026PolyBuild: An End-to-End Method for Polygonal Building Contour Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images8 Jun 2026
- 2026Contour-Native Bridge Defect Detection and Compact Digital Archiving with Frequency-Supervised Fourier Contours9 May 2026
- 2026ACPV-Net: All-Class Polygonal Vectorization for Seamless Vector Map Generation from Aerial Imagery17 Mar 2026
- 2026Bridging Object Detection and Segmentation with Polygon Detection Transformers10 Mar 2026
- 2026Adaptive Image Zoom-in with Bounding Box Transformation for UAV Object Detection7 Feb 2026
- 2026Fluxamba: Topology-Aware Anisotropic State Space Models for Geological Lineament Segmentation in Multi-Source Remote Sensing24 Jan 2026
- 2025Walk the Lines 2: Contour Tracking for Detailed Segmentation7 Nov 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Parcel and Boundary Delineation from Remote Sensing Images: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives20 Aug 2025
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