Localizing Visual Sounds the Easy Way
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Unsupervised audio-visual source localization aims at localizing visible sound sources in a video without relying on ground-truth localization for training. Previous works often seek high audio-visual similarities for likely positive (sounding) regions and low similarities for likely negative regions. However, accurately distinguishing between sounding and non-sounding regions is challenging without manual annotations. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective approach for Easy Visual Sound Localization, namely EZ-VSL, without relying on the construction of positive and/or negative regions during training. Instead, we align audio and visual spaces by seeking audio-visual representations that are aligned in, at least, one location of the associated image, while not matching other images, at any location. We also introduce a novel object guided localization scheme at inference time for improved precision. Our simple and effective framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on two popular benchmarks, Flickr SoundNet and VGG-Sound Source. In particular, we improve the CIoU of the Flickr SoundNet test set from 76.80% to 83.94%, and on the VGG-Sound Source dataset from 34.60% to 38.85%. The code is available at https://github.com/stoneMo/EZ-VSL.
Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2022.
Builds on
30 of 36 references.
References · 30
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2018Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learningcited by 1,077
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
- 2017Look, Listen and Learncited by 452
- 2018Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Featurescited by 335
- 2018The Sound of Pixelscited by 258
- 2018Cooperative Learning of Audio and Video Models from Self-Supervised Synchronizationcited by 246
- 2016SoundNet: Learning Sound Representations from Unlabeled Videocited by 244
- 2016Lip Reading Sentences in the Wildcited by 226
- 2020Audio-Visual Instance Discrimination with Cross-Modal Agreementcited by 192
- 2018Learning to Localize Sound Source in Visual Scenescited by 188
18 more
- 2020Self-Supervised Learning of Audio-Visual Objects from Videocited by 186
- 2021Localizing Visual Sounds the Hard Waycited by 169
- 2020Unified Multisensory Perception: Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Video Parsingcited by 146
- 2019The Sound of Motionscited by 145
- 2017UntrimmedNets for Weakly Supervised Action Recognition and Detectioncited by 129
- 2020Multiple Sound Sources Localization from Coarse to Finecited by 118
- 2018Learning to Separate Object Sounds by Watching Unlabeled Videocited by 114
- 2020Music Gesture for Visual Sound Separationcited by 112
- 2019Co-Separating Sounds of Visual Objectscited by 110
- 2020Learning Representations from Audio-Visual Spatial Alignmentcited by 95
- 2018Self-Supervised Generation of Spatial Audio for 360 Videocited by 93
- 2021Robust Audio-Visual Instance Discriminationcited by 80
- 2016Ambient Sound Provides Supervision for Visual Learningcited by 77
- 20182.5D Visual Soundcited by 63
- 2019Self-supervised Moving Vehicle Tracking with Stereo Soundcited by 63
- 2019Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Co-Segmentationcited by 44
- 2022Learning Sound Localization Better From Semantically Similar Samplescited by 32
- 2018Deep Lip Reading: a comparison of models and an online applicationcited by 26
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 25; 2024: 24; 2025: 19; 2026: 8.
81 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
- 2022A Closer Look at Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Source Localizationcited by 72
- 2022Vision Transformers are Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Learnerscited by 72
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Segment Anything Model for Vision and Beyondcited by 64
- 2023Audio-Visual Grouping Network for Sound Localization from Mixturescited by 52
- 2023AV-SAM: Segment Anything Model Meets Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentationcited by 52
- 2023AV-NeRF: Learning Neural Fields for Real-World Audio-Visual Scene Synthesiscited by 49
- 2023Learning Audio-Visual Source Localization via False Negative Aware Contrastive Learningcited by 46
- 2023Egocentric Audio-Visual Object Localizationcited by 40
- 2023Connecting Multi-modal Contrastive Representationscited by 36
- 2023Prompting Segmentation with Sound Is Generalizable Audio-Visual Source Localizercited by 35
- 2023Unraveling Instance Associations: A Closer Look for Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 33
38 more
- 2023Audio-Visual Class-Incremental Learningcited by 33
- 2023Audio-Visual Segmentation by Exploring Cross-Modal Mutual Semanticscited by 32
- 2023BAVS: Bootstrapping Audio-Visual Segmentation by Integrating Foundation Knowledgecited by 30
- 2023Sound Source Localization is All about Cross-Modal Alignmentcited by 30
- 2024Text-to-Audio Generation Synchronized with Videoscited by 28
- 2024Meerkat: Audio-Visual Large Language Model for Grounding in Space and Timecited by 26
- 2024Towards Open-Vocabulary Audio-Visual Event Localizationcited by 26
- 2023Unveiling the Power of Audio-Visual Early Fusion Transformers with Dense Interactions through Masked Modelingcited by 24
- 2023Class-Incremental Grouping Network for Continual Audio-Visual Learningcited by 22
- 2023A Unified Audio-Visual Learning Framework for Localization, Separation, and Recognitioncited by 21
- 2023DiffAVA: Personalized Text-to-Audio Generation with Visual Alignmentcited by 19
- 2023QDFormer: Towards Robust Audiovisual Segmentation in Complex Environments with Quantization-based Semantic Decompositioncited by 19
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 19
- 2024T-VSL: Text-Guided Visual Sound Source Localization in Mixturescited by 19
- 2023Sound Localization from Motion: Jointly Learning Sound Direction and Camera Rotationcited by 18
- 2023Egocentric Auditory Attention Localization in Conversationscited by 18
- 2024Images that Sound: Composing Images and Sounds on a Single Canvascited by 17
- 2025Seeing Sound, Hearing Sight: Uncovering Modality Bias and Conflict of AI models in Sound Localizationcited by 17
- 2022MarginNCE: Robust Sound Localization with a Negative Margincited by 16
- 2025Crab: A Unified Audio-Visual Scene Understanding Model with Explicit Cooperationcited by 16
- 2024Learning to Visually Localize Sound Sources from Mixtures without Prior Source Knowledgecited by 14
- 2023Can CLIP Help Sound Source Localization?cited by 13
- 2024Modeling and Driving Human Body Soundfields through Acoustic Primitivescited by 12
- 2024MA-AVT: Modality Alignment for Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Transformerscited by 11
- 2024CPM: Class-conditional Prompting Machine for Audio-visual Segmentationcited by 11
- 2024Dual Mean-Teacher: An Unbiased Semi-Supervised Framework for Audio-Visual Source Localizationcited by 10
- 2024MDSGen: Fast and Efficient Masked Diffusion Temporal-Aware Transformers for Open-Domain Sound Generationcited by 9
- 2023Learning Spatial Features from Audio-Visual Correspondence in Egocentric Videoscited by 8
- 2024Aligning Sight and Sound: Advanced Sound Source Localization Through Audio-Visual Alignmentcited by 8
- 2025VGGSounder: Audio-Visual Evaluations for Foundation Modelscited by 8
- 2024Unsupervised Audio-Visual Segmentation with Modality Alignmentcited by 7
- 2025DiffGAP: A Lightweight Diffusion Module in Contrastive Space for Bridging Cross-Model Gapcited by 7
- 2025Robust Audio-Visual Segmentation via Audio-Guided Visual Convergent Alignmentcited by 7
- 2023Sounding Bodies: Modeling 3D Spatial Sound of Humans Using Body Pose and Audiocited by 6
- 2024Semantic Grouping Network for Audio Source Separationcited by 5
- 2025Learning to Highlight Audio by Watching Moviescited by 5
- 2025Revisiting Audio-Visual Segmentation with Vision-Centric Transformercited by 5
- 2024A Critical Assessment of Visual Sound Source Localization Models Including Negative Audiocited by 4
50 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)
- 2026Unlocking Spatial Grounding in Large Audio-Visual Retrieval models22 Jun 2026
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Seeing Through Touch: Tactile-Driven Visual Localization of Material Regions13 Apr 2026
- 2026Generate, Analyze, and Refine: Training-Free Sound Source Localization via MLLM Meta-Reasoning8 Apr 2026
- 2026SOUPLE: Enhancing Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentation with Learnable Prompt Contexts24 Mar 2026
- 2026Foley-Flow: Coordinated Video-to-Audio Generation with Masked Audio-Visual Alignment and Dynamic Conditional Flows9 Mar 2026
- 2026AV-Unified: A Unified Framework for Audio-visual Scene Understanding6 Mar 2026
- 2026Acoustic Field Video for Multimodal Scene Understanding23 Jan 2026
- 2025Segmenting Collision Sound Sources in Egocentric Videos17 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning from Silence and Noise for Visual Sound Source Localization29 Aug 2025
- 2025VGGSounder: Audio-Visual Evaluations for Foundation Models11 Aug 2025
- 2025What's Making That Sound Right Now? Video-centric Audio-Visual Localization7 Jul 2025
38 more
- 2025Revisiting Audio-Visual Segmentation with Vision-Centric Transformer30 Jun 2025
- 2025Object-aware Sound Source Localization via Audio-Visual Scene Understanding23 Jun 2025
- 2025Bridging Audio and Vision: Zero-Shot Audiovisual Segmentation by Connecting Pretrained Models6 Jun 2025
- 2025Sounding that Object: Interactive Object-Aware Image to Audio Generation4 Jun 2025
- 2025AuralSAM2: Enabling SAM2 Hear Through Pyramid Audio-Visual Feature Prompting1 Jun 2025
- 2025Learning to Highlight Audio by Watching Movies17 May 2025
- 2025Seeing Sound, Hearing Sight: Uncovering Modality Bias and Conflict of AI models in Sound Localization16 May 2025
- 2025Hearing and Seeing Through CLIP: A Framework for Self-Supervised Sound Source Localization8 May 2025
- 2025OpenAVS: Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Audio Visual Segmentation with Foundational Models30 Apr 2025
- 2025Improving Sound Source Localization with Joint Slot Attention on Image and Audio21 Apr 2025
- 2025Crab: A Unified Audio-Visual Scene Understanding Model with Explicit Cooperation17 Mar 2025
- 2025Robust Audio-Visual Segmentation via Audio-Guided Visual Convergent Alignment17 Mar 2025
- 2025DiffGAP: A Lightweight Diffusion Module in Contrastive Space for Bridging Cross-Model Gap15 Mar 2025
- 2025Semi-Supervised Audio-Visual Video Action Recognition with Audio Source Localization Guided Mixup4 Mar 2025
- 2025CCStereo: Audio-Visual Contextual and Contrastive Learning for Binaural Audio Generation6 Jan 2025
- 2024TACO: Training-free Sound Prompted Segmentation via Semantically Constrained Audio-visual CO-factorization2 Dec 2024
- 2024Towards Open-Vocabulary Audio-Visual Event Localization18 Nov 2024
- 2024Aligning Audio-Visual Joint Representations with an Agentic Workflow30 Oct 2024
- 2024MDSGen: Fast and Efficient Masked Diffusion Temporal-Aware Transformers for Open-Domain Sound Generation3 Oct 2024
- 2024A Critical Assessment of Visual Sound Source Localization Models Including Negative Audio1 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-scale Multi-instance Visual Sound Localization and Segmentation31 Aug 2024
- 2024Unveiling Visual Biases in Audio-Visual Localization Benchmarks25 Aug 2024
- 2024Aligning Sight and Sound: Advanced Sound Source Localization Through Audio-Visual Alignment18 Jul 2024
- 2024Modeling and Driving Human Body Soundfields through Acoustic Primitives18 Jul 2024
- 2024CPM: Class-conditional Prompting Machine for Audio-visual Segmentation7 Jul 2024
- 2024Semantic Grouping Network for Audio Source Separation4 Jul 2024
- 2024SOAF: Scene Occlusion-aware Neural Acoustic Field2 Jul 2024
- 2024Meerkat: Audio-Visual Large Language Model for Grounding in Space and Time1 Jul 2024
- 2024MA-AVT: Modality Alignment for Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Transformers7 Jun 2024
- 2024Progressive Confident Masking Attention Network for Audio-Visual Segmentation4 Jun 2024
- 2024Images that Sound: Composing Images and Sounds on a Single Canvas20 May 2024
- 2024Unified Video-Language Pre-training with Synchronized Audio12 May 2024
- 2024T-VSL: Text-Guided Visual Sound Source Localization in Mixtures2 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning to Visually Localize Sound Sources from Mixtures without Prior Source Knowledge26 Mar 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Audio-Visual Segmentation with Modality Alignment21 Mar 2024
- 2024Text-to-Audio Generation Synchronized with Videos8 Mar 2024
- 2024Dual Mean-Teacher: An Unbiased Semi-Supervised Framework for Audio-Visual Source Localization5 Mar 2024
- 2024Cross Pseudo-Labeling for Semi-Supervised Audio-Visual Source Localization5 Mar 2024
50 newest of 81 All 81 (JSON)
- 2024Text-to-Audio Generation Synchronized with Videoscited by 28
- 2023DiffAVA: Personalized Text-to-Audio Generation with Visual Alignmentcited by 19
- 2024Images that Sound: Composing Images and Sounds on a Single Canvascited by 17
- 2024MDSGen: Fast and Efficient Masked Diffusion Temporal-Aware Transformers for Open-Domain Sound Generationcited by 9
- 2024MDSGen: Fast and Efficient Masked Diffusion Temporal-Aware Transformers for Open-Domain Sound Generation3 Oct 2024
- 2024Images that Sound: Composing Images and Sounds on a Single Canvas20 May 2024
- 2024Text-to-Audio Generation Synchronized with Videos8 Mar 2024
- 2023DiffAVA: Personalized Text-to-Audio Generation with Visual Alignment22 May 2023
- 2024Meerkat: Audio-Visual Large Language Model for Grounding in Space and Timecited by 26
- 2025Hearing and Seeing Through CLIP: A Framework for Self-Supervised Sound Source Localizationcited by 1
- 2026Acoustic Field Video for Multimodal Scene Understandingcited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMscited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Acoustic Field Video for Multimodal Scene Understanding23 Jan 2026
- 2025Hearing and Seeing Through CLIP: A Framework for Self-Supervised Sound Source Localization8 May 2025
- 2024Meerkat: Audio-Visual Large Language Model for Grounding in Space and Time1 Jul 2024
- 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
- 2022A Closer Look at Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Source Localizationcited by 72
- 2022Vision Transformers are Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Learnerscited by 72
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Segment Anything Model for Vision and Beyondcited by 64
- 2023Audio-Visual Grouping Network for Sound Localization from Mixturescited by 52
- 2023AV-SAM: Segment Anything Model Meets Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentationcited by 52
- 2023AV-NeRF: Learning Neural Fields for Real-World Audio-Visual Scene Synthesiscited by 49
- 2023Learning Audio-Visual Source Localization via False Negative Aware Contrastive Learningcited by 46
- 2023Egocentric Audio-Visual Object Localizationcited by 40
- 2023Connecting Multi-modal Contrastive Representationscited by 36
- 2023Prompting Segmentation with Sound Is Generalizable Audio-Visual Source Localizercited by 35
- 2023Unraveling Instance Associations: A Closer Look for Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 33
12 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026Unlocking Spatial Grounding in Large Audio-Visual Retrieval models22 Jun 2026
- 2026Seeing Through Touch: Tactile-Driven Visual Localization of Material Regions13 Apr 2026
- 2026SOUPLE: Enhancing Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentation with Learnable Prompt Contexts24 Mar 2026
- 2026Foley-Flow: Coordinated Video-to-Audio Generation with Masked Audio-Visual Alignment and Dynamic Conditional Flows9 Mar 2026
- 2026AV-Unified: A Unified Framework for Audio-visual Scene Understanding6 Mar 2026
- 2025Segmenting Collision Sound Sources in Egocentric Videos17 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning from Silence and Noise for Visual Sound Source Localization29 Aug 2025
- 2025VGGSounder: Audio-Visual Evaluations for Foundation Models11 Aug 2025
- 2025What's Making That Sound Right Now? Video-centric Audio-Visual Localization7 Jul 2025
- 2025Revisiting Audio-Visual Segmentation with Vision-Centric Transformer30 Jun 2025
- 2025Object-aware Sound Source Localization via Audio-Visual Scene Understanding23 Jun 2025
- 2025Bridging Audio and Vision: Zero-Shot Audiovisual Segmentation by Connecting Pretrained Models6 Jun 2025
12 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)