mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure

arXiv 2203.05794 ↗First posted 11 Mar 2022cs.CLcited by 779

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Cited by 33 in LLM agents and tool use, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Topic models can be useful tools to discover latent topics in collections of documents. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of approach topic modeling as a clustering task. We present BERTopic, a topic model that extends this process by extracting coherent topic representation through the development of a class-based variation of TF-IDF. More specifically, BERTopic generates document embedding with pre-trained transformer-based language models, clusters these embeddings, and finally, generates topic representations with the class-based TF-IDF procedure. BERTopic generates coherent topics and remains competitive across a variety of benchmarks involving classical models and those that follow the more recent clustering approach of topic modeling.

Key facts. Cited by 779 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2022.

Builds on

23 of 45 references.

References · 23

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  4. 2018UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reductioncited by 2,841
  5. 2019ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representationscited by 2,772
  6. 2019BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text miningcited by 1,935
  7. 2020MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understandingcited by 973
  8. 2014Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documentscited by 677
  9. 2020Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillationcited by 591
  10. 2018Universal Sentence Encodercited by 485
  11. 2019Topic Modeling in Embedding Spacescited by 224
  12. 2020Augmented SBERT: Data Augmentation Method for Improving Bi-Encoders for Pairwise Sentence Scoring Taskscited by 136
11 more
  1. 2020Top2Vec: Distributed Representations of Topicscited by 124
  2. 2020Pre-training is a Hot Topic: Contextualized Document Embeddings Improve Topic Coherencecited by 121
  3. 2017Accelerated Hierarchical Density Clusteringcited by 100
  4. 2021Is Automated Topic Model Evaluation Broken?: The Incoherence of Coherencecited by 74
  5. 2020Tired of Topic Models? Clusters of Pretrained Word Embeddings Make for Fast and Good Topics too!cited by 73
  6. 2020Cross-lingual Contextualized Topic Models with Zero-shot Learningcited by 66
  7. 2021Topic Modelling Meets Deep Neural Networks: A Surveycited by 51
  8. 2020Topic Modeling with Contextualized Word Representation Clusterscited by 41
  9. 2018Improving Topic Models with Latent Feature Word Representationscited by 28
  10. 2017Understanding State Preferences With Text As Data: Introducing the UN General Debate Corpuscited by 10
  11. 2016Topic Modeling over Short Texts by Incorporating Word Embeddingscited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 23; 2023: 113; 2024: 212; 2025: 245; 2026: 186.

779 papers.

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  11. 2024Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertisecited by 46
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38 more
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  3. 2023In ChatGPT We Trust? Measuring and Characterizing the Reliability of ChatGPTcited by 35
  4. 2024Large Language Models Offer an Alternative to the Traditional Approach of Topic Modellingcited by 35
  5. 2024Controllable Safety Alignment: Inference-Time Adaptation to Diverse Safety Requirementscited by 35
  6. 2024FASTopic: Pretrained Transformer is a Fast, Adaptive, Stable, and Transferable Topic Modelcited by 34
  7. 2023Multilingual Previously Fact-Checked Claim Retrievalcited by 32
  8. 2025A Closer Look at System Prompt Robustnesscited by 31
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  11. 2023WizMap: Scalable Interactive Visualization for Exploring Large Machine Learning Embeddingscited by 28
  12. 2024LLMs are Biased Teachers: Evaluating LLM Bias in Personalized Educationcited by 28
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  14. 2024Examining Identity Drift in Conversations of LLM Agentscited by 25
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  17. 2025Sparse Autoencoders for Hypothesis Generationcited by 24
  18. 2024FactBench: A Dynamic Benchmark for In-the-Wild Language Model Factuality Evaluationcited by 23
  19. 2022Twitter Topic Classificationcited by 22
  20. 2024Scalable Qualitative Coding with LLMs: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Matches Human Performance in Some Hermeneutic Taskscited by 22
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  31. 2023Contextualized Topic Coherence Metricscited by 19
  32. 2024A Survey on Neural Topic Models: Methods, Applications, and Challengescited by 18
  33. 2024Advanced Natural-based interaction for the ITAlian language: LLaMAntino-3-ANITAcited by 17
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  37. 2023Where Do People Tell Stories Online? Story Detection Across Online Communitiescited by 16
  38. 2024Modeling Dynamic Topics in Chain-Free Fashion by Evolution-Tracking Contrastive Learning and Unassociated Word Exclusioncited by 16

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