mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Corpus for Automatic Structuring of Legal Documents

arXiv 2201.13125 ↗First posted 31 Jan 2022cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

In populous countries, pending legal cases have been growing exponentially. There is a need for developing techniques for processing and organizing legal documents. In this paper, we introduce a new corpus for structuring legal documents. In particular, we introduce a corpus of legal judgment documents in English that are segmented into topical and coherent parts. Each of these parts is annotated with a label coming from a list of pre-defined Rhetorical Roles. We develop baseline models for automatically predicting rhetorical roles in a legal document based on the annotated corpus. Further, we show the application of rhetorical roles to improve performance on the tasks of summarization and legal judgment prediction. We release the corpus and baseline model code along with the paper.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2022.

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15 of 39 references.

References · 15

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
  3. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
  4. 2019PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 1,100
  5. 2020Efficient Transformers: A Surveycited by 784
  6. 2019Text Summarization with Pretrained Encoderscited by 553
  7. 2019Neural Legal Judgment Prediction in Englishcited by 208
  8. 2018CAIL2018: A Large-Scale Legal Dataset for Judgment Predictioncited by 168
  9. 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfercited by 89
  10. 2021ILDC for CJPE: Indian Legal Documents Corpus for Court Judgment Prediction and Explanationcited by 78
  11. 2019Pretrained Language Models for Sequential Sentence Classificationcited by 53
  12. 2019Identification of Rhetorical Roles of Sentences in Indian Legal Judgmentscited by 39
3 more
  1. 2017Predicting the Law Area and Decisions of French Supreme Court Casescited by 30
  2. 2021Semantic Segmentation of Legal Documents via Rhetorical Rolescited by 26
  3. 2020Building Legal Case Retrieval Systems with Lexical Matching and Summarization using A Pre-Trained Phrase Scoring Modelcited by 24

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 9; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.

25 papers.

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  1. 2022Named Entity Recognition in Indian court judgmentscited by 26
  2. 2022Processing Long Legal Documents with Pre-trained Transformers: Modding LegalBERT and Longformercited by 20
  3. 2023U-CREAT: Unsupervised Case Retrieval using Events extrAcTioncited by 16
  4. 2022HLDC: Hindi Legal Documents Corpuscited by 11
  5. 2023Fact-based Court Judgment Predictioncited by 10
  6. 2023Harnessing GPT-3.5-turbo for Rhetorical Role Prediction in Legal Casescited by 8
  7. 2025LegalSeg: Unlocking the Structure of Indian Legal Judgments Through Rhetorical Role Classificationcited by 8
  8. 2023SemEval 2023 Task 6: LegalEval - Understanding Legal Textscited by 7
  9. 2024HiCuLR: Hierarchical Curriculum Learning for Rhetorical Role Labeling of Legal Documentscited by 6
  10. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Legal Summarization: Challenges and Future Directionscited by 6
  11. 2023Understand Legal Documents with Contextualized Large Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2024Mind Your Neighbours: Leveraging Analogous Instances for Rhetorical Role Labeling for Legal Documentscited by 5
13 more
  1. 2024Aalap: AI Assistant for Legal & Paralegal Functions in Indiacited by 4
  2. 2022Creation and Analysis of an International Corpus of Privacy Lawscited by 3
  3. 2023Joint Span Segmentation and Rhetorical Role Labeling with Data Augmentation for Legal Documentscited by 3
  4. 2023Enhancing Pre-Trained Language Models with Sentence Position Embeddings for Rhetorical Roles Recognition in Legal Opinionscited by 2
  5. 2025MARRO: Multi-headed Attention for Rhetorical Role Labeling in Legal Documentscited by 2
  6. 2024Human Centered AI for Indian Legal Text Analyticscited by 1
  7. 2026Coupling Local Context and Global Semantic Prototypes via a Hierarchical Architecture for Rhetorical Roles Labelingcited by 1
  8. 2023Rhetorical Role Labeling of Legal Documents using Transformers and Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
  9. 2023FlairNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 6b: Extraction of Legal Named Entities from Legal Texts using Contextual String Embeddingscited by 0
  10. 2025A Data Science Approach to Calcutta High Court Judgments: An Efficient LLM and RAG-powered Framework for Summarization and Similar Cases Retrievalcited by 0
  11. 2026Semantic Reranking at Inference Time for Hard Examples in Rhetorical Role Labelingcited by 0
  12. 2026HKJudge: A Legal Discourse-Annotated Corpus for Interpreting What Courts Find, How They Reason, and What They Rulecited by 0
  13. 2026Mining Legal Arguments in U.S. Corporate Case Lawcited by 0