mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Neural Analysis and Synthesis: Reconstructing Speech from Self-Supervised Representations

arXiv 2110.14513 ↗First posted 27 Oct 2021cs.SD cs.AI eess.AScited by 81

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a neural analysis and synthesis (NANSY) framework that can manipulate voice, pitch, and speed of an arbitrary speech signal. Most of the previous works have focused on using information bottleneck to disentangle analysis features for controllable synthesis, which usually results in poor reconstruction quality. We address this issue by proposing a novel training strategy based on information perturbation. The idea is to perturb information in the original input signal (e.g., formant, pitch, and frequency response), thereby letting synthesis networks selectively take essential attributes to reconstruct the input signal. Because NANSY does not need any bottleneck structures, it enjoys both high reconstruction quality and controllability. Furthermore, NANSY does not require any labels associated with speech data such as text and speaker information, but rather uses a new set of analysis features, i.e., wav2vec feature and newly proposed pitch feature, Yingram, which allows for fully self-supervised training. Taking advantage of fully self-supervised training, NANSY can be easily extended to a multilingual setting by simply training it with a multilingual dataset. The experiments show that NANSY can achieve significant improvement in performance in several applications such as zero-shot voice conversion, pitch shift, and time-scale modification.

Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Oct 2021.

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36 of 57 references.

References · 36

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  3. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
  4. 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
  5. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  6. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,187
  7. 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
  8. 2019Unsupervised Data Augmentation for Consistency Trainingcited by 1,057
  9. 2016Language Modeling with Gated Convolutional Networkscited by 688
  10. 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
  11. 2020ECAPA-TDNN: Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN Based Speaker Verificationcited by 606
  12. 2020Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning for Speech Recognitioncited by 496
24 more
  1. 2017Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning resultscited by 470
  2. 2018Transfer Learning from Speaker Verification to Multispeaker Text-To-Speech Synthesiscited by 280
  3. 2018cGANs with Projection Discriminatorcited by 253
  4. 2021Speech Resynthesis from Discrete Disentangled Self-Supervised Representationscited by 243
  5. 2019AUTOVC: Zero-Shot Voice Style Transfer with Only Autoencoder Losscited by 189
  6. 2020DDSP: Differentiable Digital Signal Processingcited by 177
  7. 2020Multi-task self-supervised learning for Robust Speech Recognitioncited by 127
  8. 2018LPCNet: Improving Neural Speech Synthesis Through Linear Predictioncited by 109
  9. 2021AdaSpeech: Adaptive Text to Speech for Custom Voicecited by 98
  10. 2020Exploring wav2vec 2.0 on speaker verification and language identificationcited by 93
  11. 2019Learning Problem-agnostic Speech Representations from Multiple Self-supervised Taskscited by 87
  12. 2019One-shot Voice Conversion by Separating Speaker and Content Representations with Instance Normalizationcited by 82
  13. 2019CSS10: A Collection of Single Speaker Speech Datasets for 10 Languagescited by 54
  14. 2021What all do audio transformer models hear? Probing Acoustic Representations for Language Delivery and its Structurecited by 52
  15. 2020VQVC+: One-Shot Voice Conversion by Vector Quantization and U-Net architecturecited by 34
  16. 2020DeepSonar: Towards Effective and Robust Detection of AI-Synthesized Fake Voicescited by 24
  17. 2019Adversarially Trained End-to-end Korean Singing Voice Synthesis Systemcited by 22
  18. 2018Neural source-filter-based waveform model for statistical parametric speech synthesiscited by 21
  19. 2020From Inference to Generation: End-to-end Fully Self-supervised Generation of Human Face from Speechcited by 17
  20. 2020Cotatron: Transcription-Guided Speech Encoder for Any-to-Many Voice Conversion without Parallel Datacited by 14
  21. 2020Detection of AI-Synthesized Speech Using Cepstral & Bispectral Statisticscited by 9
  22. 2020Neural MOS Prediction for Synthesized Speech Using Multi-Task Learning With Spoofing Detection and Spoofing Type Classificationcited by 7
  23. 2019GCI detection from raw speech using a fully-convolutional networkcited by 4
  24. 2019Glottal Source Processing: from Analysis to Applicationscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 13; 2023: 27; 2024: 22; 2025: 10; 2026: 7.

81 papers.

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  1. 2021YourTTS: Towards Zero-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS and Zero-Shot Voice Conversion for everyonecited by 277
  2. 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 258
  3. 2024NaturalSpeech 3: Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis with Factorized Codec and Diffusion Modelscited by 222
  4. 2022FreeVC: Towards High-Quality Text-Free One-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 79
  5. 2022ContentVec: An Improved Self-Supervised Speech Representation by Disentangling Speakerscited by 73
  6. 2023A Survey on Audio Diffusion Models: Text To Speech Synthesis and Enhancement in Generative AIcited by 68
  7. 2023What Do Self-Supervised Speech Models Know About Words?cited by 62
  8. 2023DDDM-VC: Decoupled Denoising Diffusion Models with Disentangled Representation and Prior Mixup for Verified Robust Voice Conversioncited by 38
  9. 2023HierSpeech++: Bridging the Gap between Semantic and Acoustic Representation of Speech by Hierarchical Variational Inference for Zero-shot Speech Synthesiscited by 35
  10. 2022TranSpeech: Speech-to-Speech Translation With Bilateral Perturbationcited by 34
  11. 2023Diff-HierVC: Diffusion-based Hierarchical Voice Conversion with Robust Pitch Generation and Masked Prior for Zero-shot Speaker Adaptationcited by 30
  12. 2023Make-A-Voice: Unified Voice Synthesis With Discrete Representationcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2023Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Improved Content Representations by Speaker-invariant Clusteringcited by 21
  2. 2023What Can an Accent Identifier Learn? Probing Phonetic and Prosodic Information in a Wav2vec2-based Accent Identification Modelcited by 18
  3. 2024Coding Speech through Vocal Tract Kinematicscited by 18
  4. 2023ACE-VC: Adaptive and Controllable Voice Conversion using Explicitly Disentangled Self-supervised Speech Representationscited by 15
  5. 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
  6. 2023Let There Be Sound: Reconstructing High Quality Speech from Silent Videoscited by 12
  7. 2024PeriodWave: Multi-Period Flow Matching for High-Fidelity Waveform Generationcited by 12
  8. 2024FreGrad: Lightweight and Fast Frequency-aware Diffusion Vocodercited by 11
  9. 2022Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpuscited by 10
  10. 2022Self-Supervised Learning for Speech Enhancement through Synthesiscited by 10
  11. 2023HiddenSinger: High-Quality Singing Voice Synthesis via Neural Audio Codec and Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 9
  12. 2023HierVST: Hierarchical Adaptive Zero-shot Voice Style Transfercited by 9
  13. 2024Voice Attribute Editing with Text Promptcited by 9
  14. 2025From Faces to Voices: Learning Hierarchical Representations for High-quality Video-to-Speechcited by 9
  15. 2022Self-supervised Graphs for Audio Representation Learning with Limited Labeled Datacited by 8
  16. 2022NoreSpeech: Knowledge Distillation based Conditional Diffusion Model for Noise-robust Expressive TTScited by 8
  17. 2022PhaseAug: A Differentiable Augmentation for Speech Synthesis to Simulate One-to-Many Mappingcited by 8
  18. 2022Disentangling Prosody Representations with Unsupervised Speech Reconstructioncited by 8
  19. 2024DC-Spin: A Speaker-invariant Speech Tokenizer for Spoken Language Modelscited by 8
  20. 2025GenVC: Self-Supervised Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 8
  21. 2021Training Robust Zero-Shot Voice Conversion Models with Self-supervised Featurescited by 7
  22. 2023R-Spin: Efficient Speaker and Noise-invariant Representation Learning with Acoustic Piecescited by 7
  23. 2023Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversioncited by 6
  24. 2024Singer Identity Representation Learning using Self-Supervised Techniquescited by 6
  25. 2023Speech-to-Speech Translation with Discrete-Unit-Based Style Transfercited by 5
  26. 2023SelfVC: Voice Conversion With Iterative Refinement using Self Transformationscited by 5
  27. 2023Self-Supervised Disentangled Representation Learning for Robust Target Speech Extractioncited by 5
  28. 2024V2SFlow: Video-to-Speech Generation with Speech Decomposition and Rectified Flowcited by 5
  29. 2023PITS: Variational Pitch Inference without Fundamental Frequency for End-to-End Pitch-controllable TTScited by 4
  30. 2023Wav2SQL: Direct Generalizable Speech-To-SQL Parsingcited by 4
  31. 2024VoxGenesis: Unsupervised Discovery of Latent Speaker Manifold for Speech Synthesiscited by 4
  32. 2024Differentiable Modal Synthesis for Physical Modeling of Planar String Sound and Motion Simulationcited by 4
  33. 2024Hear Your Face: Face-based voice conversion with F0 estimationcited by 4
  34. 2024Self-Supervised Syllable Discovery Based on Speaker-Disentangled HuBERTcited by 4
  35. 2024Description-based Controllable Text-to-Speech with Cross-Lingual Voice Controlcited by 4
  36. 2025RT-VC: Real-Time Zero-Shot Voice Conversion with Speech Articulatory Codingcited by 4
  37. 2025Conan: A Chunkwise Online Network for Zero-Shot Adaptive Voice Conversioncited by 4
  38. 2022A unified one-shot prosody and speaker conversion system with self-supervised discrete speech unitscited by 3

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