mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Benchmarking the Robustness of Spatial-Temporal Models Against Corruptions

arXiv 2110.06513 ↗First posted 13 Oct 2021cs.CVcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

The state-of-the-art deep neural networks are vulnerable to common corruptions (e.g., input data degradations, distortions, and disturbances caused by weather changes, system error, and processing). While much progress has been made in analyzing and improving the robustness of models in image understanding, the robustness in video understanding is largely unexplored. In this paper, we establish a corruption robustness benchmark, Mini Kinetics-C and Mini SSV2-C, which considers temporal corruptions beyond spatial corruptions in images. We make the first attempt to conduct an exhaustive study on the corruption robustness of established CNN-based and Transformer-based spatial-temporal models. The study provides some guidance on robust model design and training: Transformer-based model performs better than CNN-based models on corruption robustness; the generalization ability of spatial-temporal models implies robustness against temporal corruptions; model corruption robustness (especially robustness in the temporal domain) enhances with computational cost and model capacity, which may contradict the current trend of improving the computational efficiency of models. Moreover, we find the robustness intervention for image-related tasks (e.g., training models with noise) may not work for spatial-temporal models.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2021.

Builds on

34 of 50 references.

References · 34

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,326
  4. 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,231
  5. 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
  6. 2019Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbationscited by 2,857
  7. 2018SlowFast Networks for Video Recognitioncited by 1,862
  8. 2020The Many Faces of Robustness: A Critical Analysis of Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 1,842
  9. 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
  10. 2018ImageNet-trained CNNs are biased towards texture; increasing shape bias improves accuracy and robustnesscited by 1,430
  11. 2017A Closer Look at Spatiotemporal Convolutions for Action Recognitioncited by 1,139
  12. 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,092
22 more
  1. 2021Video Swin Transformercited by 1,090
  2. 2014Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videoscited by 1,067
  3. 2016Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognitioncited by 899
  4. 2020X3D: Expanding Architectures for Efficient Video Recognitioncited by 635
  5. 2017Can Spatiotemporal 3D CNNs Retrace the History of 2D CNNs and ImageNet?cited by 551
  6. 2017Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning: Speed-Accuracy Trade-offs in Video Classificationcited by 521
  7. 2020Measuring Robustness to Natural Distribution Shifts in Image Classificationcited by 452
  8. 2019Benchmarking Robustness in Object Detection: Autonomous Driving when Winter is Comingcited by 332
  9. 2018Generalisation in humans and deep neural networkscited by 237
  10. 2018Certified Adversarial Robustness with Additive Noisecited by 178
  11. 2016Improving the Robustness of Deep Neural Networks via Stability Trainingcited by 156
  12. 2019Adversarial Examples Are a Natural Consequence of Test Error in Noisecited by 114
  13. 2019Benchmarking the Robustness of Semantic Segmentation Modelscited by 111
  14. 2019Improving Robustness Without Sacrificing Accuracy with Patch Gaussian Augmentationcited by 105
  15. 2019Only Time Can Tell: Discovering Temporal Data for Temporal Modelingcited by 66
  16. 2019More Is Less: Learning Efficient Video Representations by Big-Little Network and Depthwise Temporal Aggregationcited by 64
  17. 2019Do Image Classifiers Generalize Across Time?cited by 59
  18. 2020Deep Analysis of CNN-based Spatio-temporal Representations for Action Recognitioncited by 45
  19. 2021When Human Pose Estimation Meets Robustness: Adversarial Algorithms and Benchmarkscited by 41
  20. 2015Generalized Video Deblurring for Dynamic Scenescited by 40
  21. 2017Comparing deep neural networks against humans: object recognition when the signal gets weakercited by 34
  22. 2019Using Videos to Evaluate Image Model Robustnesscited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 10; 2024: 9; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.

35 papers.

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  1. 2023Robo3D: Towards Robust and Reliable 3D Perception against Corruptionscited by 128
  2. 20223D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentationcited by 120
  3. 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectivescited by 120
  4. 2023RoboDepth: Robust Out-of-Distribution Depth Estimation under Corruptionscited by 47
  5. 2023Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression via Adaptive Frequency Triggercited by 40
  6. 2022Video Test-Time Adaptation for Action Recognitioncited by 35
  7. 2023Benchmarking Robustness of Adaptation Methods on Pre-trained Vision-Language Modelscited by 30
  8. 2023Robustness of SAM: Segment Anything Under Corruptions and Beyondcited by 30
  9. 2022Large-scale Robustness Analysis of Video Action Recognition Modelscited by 29
  10. 2023RobustMQ: Benchmarking Robustness of Quantized Modelscited by 19
  11. 2022A Coding Framework and Benchmark towards Low-Bitrate Video Understandingcited by 17
  12. 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
23 more
  1. 2023Temporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video Classificationcited by 15
  2. 2023The RoboDepth Challenge: Methods and Advancements Towards Robust Depth Estimationcited by 13
  3. 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Temporal Action Detection Models Against Temporal Corruptionscited by 12
  4. 2024SMC++: Masked Learning of Unsupervised Video Semantic Compressioncited by 11
  5. 2024Robust and Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression With Selective Frequency Priorcited by 11
  6. 2021Recur, Attend or Convolve? On Whether Temporal Modeling Matters for Cross-Domain Robustness in Action Recognitioncited by 7
  7. 2023Adversarial Backdoor Attack by Naturalistic Data Poisoning on Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  8. 2022ModSelect: Automatic Modality Selection for Synthetic-to-Real Domain Generalizationcited by 4
  9. 2023Uncovering the Hidden Dynamics of Video Self-supervised Learning under Distribution Shiftscited by 4
  10. 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Optical Flow Estimation to Corruptionscited by 3
  11. 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptationcited by 3
  12. 2024Assessing Visually-Continuous Corruption Robustness of Neural Networks Relative to Human Performancecited by 2
  13. 2024RobustFormer: Noise-Robust Pre-training for images and videoscited by 2
  14. 2025Investigating and Enhancing the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Temporal Inconsistencycited by 2
  15. 2024Adversarial Augmentation Training Makes Action Recognition Models More Robust to Realistic Video Distribution Shiftscited by 1
  16. 2024Adaptive Sensitivity Analysis for Robust Augmentation against Natural Corruptions in Image Segmentationcited by 1
  17. 2025SHARDeg: A Benchmark for Skeletal Human Action Recognition in Degraded Scenarioscited by 0
  18. 2025RobustA: Robust Anomaly Detection in Multimodal Datacited by 0
  19. 2026Exposing and Mitigating Temporal Attack in Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 0
  20. 2026EgoSafe: A First-Person Mobile-Captured Benchmark for Visual Safety Understandingcited by 0
  21. 2026Reliable Egocentric Action Anticipation via Temporal Reliability Suppression and Compositional Graph Decodingcited by 0
  22. 2026Not Another Text Benchmark: Putting the "Visual" Back in Visual Question Answering for Large Video Modelscited by 0
  23. 2026Later Is Better: Token Reduction for ViTs Under Distribution Shiftcited by 0