Benchmarking the Robustness of Spatial-Temporal Models Against Corruptions
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Abstract (arXiv)
The state-of-the-art deep neural networks are vulnerable to common corruptions (e.g., input data degradations, distortions, and disturbances caused by weather changes, system error, and processing). While much progress has been made in analyzing and improving the robustness of models in image understanding, the robustness in video understanding is largely unexplored. In this paper, we establish a corruption robustness benchmark, Mini Kinetics-C and Mini SSV2-C, which considers temporal corruptions beyond spatial corruptions in images. We make the first attempt to conduct an exhaustive study on the corruption robustness of established CNN-based and Transformer-based spatial-temporal models. The study provides some guidance on robust model design and training: Transformer-based model performs better than CNN-based models on corruption robustness; the generalization ability of spatial-temporal models implies robustness against temporal corruptions; model corruption robustness (especially robustness in the temporal domain) enhances with computational cost and model capacity, which may contradict the current trend of improving the computational efficiency of models. Moreover, we find the robustness intervention for image-related tasks (e.g., training models with noise) may not work for spatial-temporal models.
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2021.
Builds on
34 of 50 references.
References · 34
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- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,326
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- 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
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- 2017A Closer Look at Spatiotemporal Convolutions for Action Recognitioncited by 1,139
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22 more
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- 2016Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognitioncited by 899
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- 2017Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning: Speed-Accuracy Trade-offs in Video Classificationcited by 521
- 2020Measuring Robustness to Natural Distribution Shifts in Image Classificationcited by 452
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- 2018Certified Adversarial Robustness with Additive Noisecited by 178
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- 2019Adversarial Examples Are a Natural Consequence of Test Error in Noisecited by 114
- 2019Benchmarking the Robustness of Semantic Segmentation Modelscited by 111
- 2019Improving Robustness Without Sacrificing Accuracy with Patch Gaussian Augmentationcited by 105
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 10; 2024: 9; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2023Robo3D: Towards Robust and Reliable 3D Perception against Corruptionscited by 128
- 20223D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentationcited by 120
- 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectivescited by 120
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- 2022Video Test-Time Adaptation for Action Recognitioncited by 35
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of Adaptation Methods on Pre-trained Vision-Language Modelscited by 30
- 2023Robustness of SAM: Segment Anything Under Corruptions and Beyondcited by 30
- 2022Large-scale Robustness Analysis of Video Action Recognition Modelscited by 29
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- 2022A Coding Framework and Benchmark towards Low-Bitrate Video Understandingcited by 17
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
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- 2023The RoboDepth Challenge: Methods and Advancements Towards Robust Depth Estimationcited by 13
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- 2024SMC++: Masked Learning of Unsupervised Video Semantic Compressioncited by 11
- 2024Robust and Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression With Selective Frequency Priorcited by 11
- 2021Recur, Attend or Convolve? On Whether Temporal Modeling Matters for Cross-Domain Robustness in Action Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023Adversarial Backdoor Attack by Naturalistic Data Poisoning on Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2022ModSelect: Automatic Modality Selection for Synthetic-to-Real Domain Generalizationcited by 4
- 2023Uncovering the Hidden Dynamics of Video Self-supervised Learning under Distribution Shiftscited by 4
- 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Optical Flow Estimation to Corruptionscited by 3
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptationcited by 3
- 2024Assessing Visually-Continuous Corruption Robustness of Neural Networks Relative to Human Performancecited by 2
- 2024RobustFormer: Noise-Robust Pre-training for images and videoscited by 2
- 2025Investigating and Enhancing the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Temporal Inconsistencycited by 2
- 2024Adversarial Augmentation Training Makes Action Recognition Models More Robust to Realistic Video Distribution Shiftscited by 1
- 2024Adaptive Sensitivity Analysis for Robust Augmentation against Natural Corruptions in Image Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025SHARDeg: A Benchmark for Skeletal Human Action Recognition in Degraded Scenarioscited by 0
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- 2026EgoSafe: A First-Person Mobile-Captured Benchmark for Visual Safety Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Reliable Egocentric Action Anticipation via Temporal Reliability Suppression and Compositional Graph Decodingcited by 0
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- 2026Later Is Better: Token Reduction for ViTs Under Distribution Shift6 Oct 2026
- 2026Not Another Text Benchmark: Putting the "Visual" Back in Visual Question Answering for Large Video Models15 Sep 2026
- 2026Reliable Egocentric Action Anticipation via Temporal Reliability Suppression and Compositional Graph Decoding9 Sep 2026
- 2026EgoSafe: A First-Person Mobile-Captured Benchmark for Visual Safety Understanding29 Jul 2026
- 2026Exposing and Mitigating Temporal Attack in Deepfake Video Detection8 May 2026
- 2025RobustA: Robust Anomaly Detection in Multimodal Data10 Nov 2025
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptation14 Jun 2025
- 2025SHARDeg: A Benchmark for Skeletal Human Action Recognition in Degraded Scenarios23 May 2025
- 2025Investigating and Enhancing the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Temporal Inconsistency20 May 2025
- 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectives7 Jan 2025
- 2024Robust and Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression With Selective Frequency Prior2 Dec 2024
- 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Optical Flow Estimation to Corruptions22 Nov 2024
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- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
- 2024SMC++: Masked Learning of Unsupervised Video Semantic Compression7 Jun 2024
- 2024Adaptive Sensitivity Analysis for Robust Augmentation against Natural Corruptions in Image Segmentation3 Jun 2024
- 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Temporal Action Detection Models Against Temporal Corruptions29 Mar 2024
- 2024Assessing Visually-Continuous Corruption Robustness of Neural Networks Relative to Human Performance29 Feb 2024
- 2024Adversarial Augmentation Training Makes Action Recognition Models More Robust to Realistic Video Distribution Shifts21 Jan 2024
- 2023RoboDepth: Robust Out-of-Distribution Depth Estimation under Corruptions23 Oct 2023
- 2023RobustMQ: Benchmarking Robustness of Quantized Models4 Aug 2023
- 2023The RoboDepth Challenge: Methods and Advancements Towards Robust Depth Estimation27 Jul 2023
- 2023Adversarial Backdoor Attack by Naturalistic Data Poisoning on Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving27 Jun 2023
- 2023Robustness of SAM: Segment Anything Under Corruptions and Beyond13 Jun 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of Adaptation Methods on Pre-trained Vision-Language Models3 Jun 2023
- 2023Uncovering the Hidden Dynamics of Video Self-supervised Learning under Distribution Shifts3 Jun 2023
- 2023Robo3D: Towards Robust and Reliable 3D Perception against Corruptions30 Mar 2023
- 2023Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression via Adaptive Frequency Trigger28 Feb 2023
- 2023Temporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video Classification28 Feb 2023
- 2022Video Test-Time Adaptation for Action Recognition24 Nov 2022
- 2022ModSelect: Automatic Modality Selection for Synthetic-to-Real Domain Generalization19 Aug 2022
- 2022Large-scale Robustness Analysis of Video Action Recognition Models4 Jul 2022
- 20223D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentation2 Mar 2022
- 2022A Coding Framework and Benchmark towards Low-Bitrate Video Understanding6 Feb 2022
- 2021Recur, Attend or Convolve? On Whether Temporal Modeling Matters for Cross-Domain Robustness in Action Recognition22 Dec 2021
- 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectivescited by 120
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of Adaptation Methods on Pre-trained Vision-Language Modelscited by 30
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- 2025Investigating and Enhancing the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Temporal Inconsistency20 May 2025
- 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectives7 Jan 2025
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of Adaptation Methods on Pre-trained Vision-Language Models3 Jun 2023
- 2023Robo3D: Towards Robust and Reliable 3D Perception against Corruptionscited by 128
- 20223D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentationcited by 120
- 2023RoboDepth: Robust Out-of-Distribution Depth Estimation under Corruptionscited by 47
- 2023Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression via Adaptive Frequency Triggercited by 40
- 2022Video Test-Time Adaptation for Action Recognitioncited by 35
- 2023Robustness of SAM: Segment Anything Under Corruptions and Beyondcited by 30
- 2022Large-scale Robustness Analysis of Video Action Recognition Modelscited by 29
- 2023RobustMQ: Benchmarking Robustness of Quantized Modelscited by 19
- 2022A Coding Framework and Benchmark towards Low-Bitrate Video Understandingcited by 17
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognitioncited by 16
- 2023Temporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video Classificationcited by 15
- 2023The RoboDepth Challenge: Methods and Advancements Towards Robust Depth Estimationcited by 13
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- 2025RobustA: Robust Anomaly Detection in Multimodal Data10 Nov 2025
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptation14 Jun 2025
- 2025SHARDeg: A Benchmark for Skeletal Human Action Recognition in Degraded Scenarios23 May 2025
- 2024Robust and Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression With Selective Frequency Prior2 Dec 2024
- 2024Benchmarking the Robustness of Optical Flow Estimation to Corruptions22 Nov 2024
- 2024RobustFormer: Noise-Robust Pre-training for images and videos20 Nov 2024
- 2024Referring Atomic Video Action Recognition2 Jul 2024
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