Do Image Classifiers Generalize Across Time?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We study the robustness of image classifiers to temporal perturbations derived from videos. As part of this study, we construct two datasets, ImageNet-Vid-Robust and YTBB-Robust , containing a total 57,897 images grouped into 3,139 sets of perceptually similar images. Our datasets were derived from ImageNet-Vid and Youtube-BB respectively and thoroughly re-annotated by human experts for image similarity. We evaluate a diverse array of classifiers pre-trained on ImageNet and show a median classification accuracy drop of 16 and 10 on our two datasets. Additionally, we evaluate three detection models and show that natural perturbations induce both classification as well as localization errors, leading to a median drop in detection mAP of 14 points. Our analysis demonstrates that perturbations occurring naturally in videos pose a substantial and realistic challenge to deploying convolutional neural networks in environments that require both reliable and low-latency predictions
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 13; 2023: 13; 2024: 14; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
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- 2023Data-centric Artificial Intelligence: A Survey17 Mar 2023
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- 2022Self-supervised video pretraining yields robust and more human-aligned visual representations12 Oct 2022
- 2022Probable Domain Generalization via Quantile Risk Minimization20 Jul 2022
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- 2022Perception Over Time: Temporal Dynamics for Robust Image Understanding11 Mar 2022
- 2022Predicting Out-of-Distribution Error with the Projection Norm11 Feb 2022
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- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
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- 2021Robust fine-tuning of zero-shot modelscited by 785
- 2021Accuracy on the Line: On the Strong Correlation Between Out-of-Distribution and In-Distribution Generalizationcited by 248
- 2021Towards Causal Representation Learningcited by 207
- 2023Data-centric Artificial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 202
- 2021Partial success in closing the gap between human and machine visioncited by 185
- 2021A Fine-Grained Analysis on Distribution Shiftcited by 171
- 2021Predicting with Confidence on Unseen Distributionscited by 116
- 2022Plex: Towards Reliability using Pretrained Large Model Extensionscited by 102
- 2021On Interaction Between Augmentations and Corruptions in Natural Corruption Robustnesscited by 98
- 2021AugMax: Adversarial Composition of Random Augmentations for Robust Trainingcited by 89
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- 2025Moment Alignment: Unifying Gradient and Hessian Matching for Domain Generalization9 Jun 2025
- 2025An interpretable approach to automating the assessment of biofouling in video footage17 Mar 2025
- 2025The PanAf-FGBG Dataset: Understanding the Impact of Backgrounds in Wildlife Behaviour Recognition28 Feb 2025
- 2024Causality-Driven Audits of Model Robustness30 Oct 2024
- 2024LLM Embeddings Improve Test-time Adaptation to Tabular Y|X-Shifts9 Oct 2024
- 2024Gaussian-Based and Outside-the-Box Runtime Monitoring Join Forces8 Oct 2024
- 2024Unveiling AI's Blind Spots: An Oracle for In-Domain, Out-of-Domain, and Adversarial Errors3 Oct 2024
- 2024Evaluating Model Performance Under Worst-case Subpopulations1 Jul 2024
- 2024Machine Learning Robustness: A Primer1 Apr 2024
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- 2024Benchmarking Zero-Shot Robustness of Multimodal Foundation Models: A Pilot Study15 Mar 2024
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