PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Nowadays, scene text recognition has attracted more and more attention due to its various applications. Most state-of-the-art methods adopt an encoder-decoder framework with attention mechanism, which generates text autoregressively from left to right. Despite the convincing performance, the speed is limited because of the one-by-one decoding strategy. As opposed to autoregressive models, non-autoregressive models predict the results in parallel with a much shorter inference time, but the accuracy falls behind the autoregressive counterpart considerably. In this paper, we propose a Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network (PIMNet) to balance accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, PIMNet adopts a parallel attention mechanism to predict the text faster and an iterative generation mechanism to make the predictions more accurate. In each iteration, the context information is fully explored. To improve learning of the hidden layer, we exploit the mimicking learning in the training phase, where an additional autoregressive decoder is adopted and the parallel decoder mimics the autoregressive decoder with fitting outputs of the hidden layer. With the shared backbone between the two decoders, the proposed PIMNet can be trained end-to-end without pre-training. During inference, the branch of the autoregressive decoder is removed for a faster speed. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of PIMNet. Our code will be available at https://github.com/Pay20Y/PIMNet.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 60 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.
Builds on
60 of 89 references.
References · 60
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38 more
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50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 12; 2023: 9; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
41 papers.
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- 2022Reading and Writing: Discriminative and Generative Modeling for Self-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 45
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2021Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Featurescited by 34
- 2022MaskOCR: Text Recognition with Masked Encoder-Decoder Pretrainingcited by 34
- 2022Self-supervised Character-to-Character Distillation for Text Recognitioncited by 27
- 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognitioncited by 25
- 2022Levenshtein OCRcited by 24
- 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 19
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognitioncited by 17
29 more
- 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
- 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matchingcited by 11
- 2024Class-Aware Mask-Guided Feature Refinement for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
- 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
- 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approachcited by 8
- 2024Visual Text Meets Low-level Vision: A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Text Processingcited by 8
- 2022Pushing the Performance Limit of Scene Text Recognizer without Human Annotationcited by 7
- 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2024Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt: Unleashing CLIP for Efficient and Flexible Scene Text Retrievalcited by 6
- 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
- 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
- 2025Towards Natural Language-Based Document Image Retrieval: New Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 5
- 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 4
- 2023PEAN: A Diffusion-Based Prior-Enhanced Attention Network for Scene Text Image Super-Resolutioncited by 4
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizercited by 4
- 2023One-stage Low-resolution Text Recognition with High-resolution Knowledge Transfercited by 3
- 2024Decoder Pre-Training with only Text for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 3
- 2022UNITS: Unsupervised Intermediate Training Stage for Scene Text Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Class-Agnostic Region-of-Interest Matching in Document Imagescited by 2
- 2026Advancing WordArt-Oriented Scene Text Recognition: Datasets and Methodscited by 2
- 2022IterVM: Iterative Vision Modeling Module for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024CMFN: Cross-Modal Fusion Network for Irregular Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025OTSNet: A Neurocognitive-Inspired Observation-Thinking-Spelling Pipeline for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Masked Next-Scale Prediction for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Embedding Rotation Invariance for Provable Multi-Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Embedding Rotation Invariance for Provable Multi-Oriented Scene Text Recognition11 Aug 2026
- 2026Advancing WordArt-Oriented Scene Text Recognition: Datasets and Methods23 Jun 2026
- 2026Masked Next-Scale Prediction for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognition14 May 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognition14 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards Natural Language-Based Document Image Retrieval: New Dataset and Benchmark23 Dec 2025
- 2025OTSNet: A Neurocognitive-Inspired Observation-Thinking-Spelling Pipeline for Scene Text Recognition11 Nov 2025
- 2025Class-Agnostic Region-of-Interest Matching in Document Images26 Jun 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognition24 Mar 2025
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Control14 Oct 2024
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizer18 Sep 2024
- 2024Decoder Pre-Training with only Text for Scene Text Recognition11 Aug 2024
29 more
- 2024Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt: Unleashing CLIP for Efficient and Flexible Scene Text Retrieval1 Aug 2024
- 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matching17 Jul 2024
- 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Model15 Mar 2024
- 2024Class-Aware Mask-Guided Feature Refinement for Scene Text Recognition21 Feb 2024
- 2024Visual Text Meets Low-level Vision: A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Text Processing5 Feb 2024
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognition31 Jan 2024
- 2024CMFN: Cross-Modal Fusion Network for Irregular Scene Text Recognition18 Jan 2024
- 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognition19 Dec 2023
- 2023PEAN: A Diffusion-Based Prior-Enhanced Attention Network for Scene Text Image Super-Resolution29 Nov 2023
- 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognition24 Aug 2023
- 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approach17 Aug 2023
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learning14 Aug 2023
- 2023One-stage Low-resolution Text Recognition with High-resolution Knowledge Transfer5 Aug 2023
- 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognition25 Jul 2023
- 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognition23 Jul 2023
- 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognition25 May 2023
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spotting19 Nov 2022
- 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognition9 Nov 2022
- 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognition9 Nov 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Character-to-Character Distillation for Text Recognition1 Nov 2022
- 2022Levenshtein OCR8 Sep 2022
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognition8 Sep 2022
- 2022Reading and Writing: Discriminative and Generative Modeling for Self-Supervised Text Recognition1 Jul 2022
- 2022MaskOCR: Text Recognition with Masked Encoder-Decoder Pretraining1 Jun 2022
- 2022UNITS: Unsupervised Intermediate Training Stage for Scene Text Detection10 May 2022
- 2022Pushing the Performance Limit of Scene Text Recognizer without Human Annotation16 Apr 2022
- 2022IterVM: Iterative Vision Modeling Module for Scene Text Recognition6 Apr 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognition7 Mar 2022
- 2021Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Features30 Nov 2021
- 2022Reading and Writing: Discriminative and Generative Modeling for Self-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 45
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2021Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Featurescited by 34
- 2022MaskOCR: Text Recognition with Masked Encoder-Decoder Pretrainingcited by 34
- 2022Self-supervised Character-to-Character Distillation for Text Recognitioncited by 27
- 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognitioncited by 25
- 2022Levenshtein OCRcited by 24
- 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 19
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognitioncited by 17
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026Embedding Rotation Invariance for Provable Multi-Oriented Scene Text Recognition11 Aug 2026
- 2026Advancing WordArt-Oriented Scene Text Recognition: Datasets and Methods23 Jun 2026
- 2026Masked Next-Scale Prediction for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognition14 May 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognition14 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards Natural Language-Based Document Image Retrieval: New Dataset and Benchmark23 Dec 2025
- 2025OTSNet: A Neurocognitive-Inspired Observation-Thinking-Spelling Pipeline for Scene Text Recognition11 Nov 2025
- 2025Class-Agnostic Region-of-Interest Matching in Document Images26 Jun 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognition24 Mar 2025
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Control14 Oct 2024
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizer18 Sep 2024
- 2024Decoder Pre-Training with only Text for Scene Text Recognition11 Aug 2024
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)