mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition

arXiv 2109.04145 ↗First posted 9 Sep 2021cs.CVcited by 41

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Abstract (arXiv)

Nowadays, scene text recognition has attracted more and more attention due to its various applications. Most state-of-the-art methods adopt an encoder-decoder framework with attention mechanism, which generates text autoregressively from left to right. Despite the convincing performance, the speed is limited because of the one-by-one decoding strategy. As opposed to autoregressive models, non-autoregressive models predict the results in parallel with a much shorter inference time, but the accuracy falls behind the autoregressive counterpart considerably. In this paper, we propose a Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network (PIMNet) to balance accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, PIMNet adopts a parallel attention mechanism to predict the text faster and an iterative generation mechanism to make the predictions more accurate. In each iteration, the context information is fully explored. To improve learning of the hidden layer, we exploit the mimicking learning in the training phase, where an additional autoregressive decoder is adopted and the parallel decoder mimics the autoregressive decoder with fitting outputs of the hidden layer. With the shared backbone between the two decoders, the proposed PIMNet can be trained end-to-end without pre-training. During inference, the branch of the autoregressive decoder is removed for a faster speed. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of PIMNet. Our code will be available at https://github.com/Pay20Y/PIMNet.

Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 60 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.

Builds on

60 of 89 references.

References · 60

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38 more
  1. 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
  2. 2015Semi-Supervised Learning with Ladder Networkscited by 246
  3. 2019What Is Wrong With Scene Text Recognition Model Comparisons? Dataset and Model Analysiscited by 191
  4. 2020Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition with Semantic Reasoning Networkscited by 131
  5. 2018Show, Attend and Read: A Simple and Strong Baseline for Irregular Text Recognitioncited by 130
  6. 2014Reading Text in the Wild with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 122
  7. 2016Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectificationcited by 121
  8. 2020SEED: Semantics Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Framework for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 119
  9. 2017Focusing Attention: Towards Accurate Text Recognition in Natural Imagescited by 110
  10. 2020Video Playback Rate Perception for Self-supervisedSpatio-Temporal Representation Learningcited by 103
  11. 2019Decoupled Attention Network for Text Recognitioncited by 102
  12. 2016Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal Networkcited by 85
  13. 2020RobustScanner: Dynamically Enhancing Positional Clues for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 85
  14. 2020Video Cloze Procedure for Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Learningcited by 80
  15. 2018ESIR: End-to-end Scene Text Recognition via Iterative Image Rectificationcited by 79
  16. 2016Recursive Recurrent Nets with Attention Modeling for OCR in the Wildcited by 74
  17. 2020SCATTER: Selective Context Attentional Scene Text Recognizercited by 69
  18. 2019TextScanner: Reading Characters in Order for Robust Scene Text Recognitioncited by 68
  19. 2020Imputer: Sequence Modelling via Imputation and Dynamic Programmingcited by 65
  20. 2020Scene Text Image Super-Resolution in the Wildcited by 62
  21. 2018Scene Text Recognition from Two-Dimensional Perspectivecited by 57
  22. 2019Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation with Auxiliary Regularizationcited by 52
  23. 2020GTC: Guided Training of CTC Towards Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Recognitioncited by 52
  24. 2019Symmetry-constrained Rectification Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 45
  25. 2015Reading Scene Text in Deep Convolutional Sequencescited by 44
  26. 2020Align-Refine: Non-Autoregressive Speech Recognition via Iterative Realignmentcited by 37
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  28. 2021Multi-View Correlation Distillation for Incremental Object Detectioncited by 36
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  33. 2020SPIN: Structure-Preserving Inner Offset Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
  34. 2017SEE: Towards Semi-Supervised End-to-End Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
  35. 2019Curved Text Detection in Natural Scene Images with Semi- and Weakly-Supervised Learningcited by 11
  36. 2020Self-Training for Domain Adaptive Scene Text Detectioncited by 11
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  38. 2020Gaussian Constrained Attention Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 11

50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 12; 2023: 9; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

41 papers.

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  1. 2022Reading and Writing: Discriminative and Generative Modeling for Self-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 45
  2. 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
  3. 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
  4. 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
  5. 2021Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Featurescited by 34
  6. 2022MaskOCR: Text Recognition with Masked Encoder-Decoder Pretrainingcited by 34
  7. 2022Self-supervised Character-to-Character Distillation for Text Recognitioncited by 27
  8. 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognitioncited by 25
  9. 2022Levenshtein OCRcited by 24
  10. 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 19
  11. 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
  12. 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognitioncited by 17
29 more
  1. 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
  2. 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
  3. 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
  4. 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matchingcited by 11
  5. 2024Class-Aware Mask-Guided Feature Refinement for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
  6. 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
  7. 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approachcited by 8
  8. 2024Visual Text Meets Low-level Vision: A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Text Processingcited by 8
  9. 2022Pushing the Performance Limit of Scene Text Recognizer without Human Annotationcited by 7
  10. 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
  11. 2024Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt: Unleashing CLIP for Efficient and Flexible Scene Text Retrievalcited by 6
  12. 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
  13. 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
  14. 2025Towards Natural Language-Based Document Image Retrieval: New Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 5
  15. 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 4
  16. 2023PEAN: A Diffusion-Based Prior-Enhanced Attention Network for Scene Text Image Super-Resolutioncited by 4
  17. 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizercited by 4
  18. 2023One-stage Low-resolution Text Recognition with High-resolution Knowledge Transfercited by 3
  19. 2024Decoder Pre-Training with only Text for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 3
  20. 2022UNITS: Unsupervised Intermediate Training Stage for Scene Text Detectioncited by 2
  21. 2025Class-Agnostic Region-of-Interest Matching in Document Imagescited by 2
  22. 2026Advancing WordArt-Oriented Scene Text Recognition: Datasets and Methodscited by 2
  23. 2022IterVM: Iterative Vision Modeling Module for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
  24. 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
  25. 2024CMFN: Cross-Modal Fusion Network for Irregular Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  26. 2025OTSNet: A Neurocognitive-Inspired Observation-Thinking-Spelling Pipeline for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  27. 2026Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognitioncited by 0
  28. 2026Masked Next-Scale Prediction for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  29. 2026Embedding Rotation Invariance for Provable Multi-Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0