GTC: Guided Training of CTC Towards Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and attention mechanism are two main approaches used in recent scene text recognition works. Compared with attention-based methods, CTC decoder has a much shorter inference time, yet a lower accuracy. To design an efficient and effective model, we propose the guided training of CTC (GTC), where CTC model learns a better alignment and feature representations from a more powerful attentional guidance. With the benefit of guided training, CTC model achieves robust and accurate prediction for both regular and irregular scene text while maintaining a fast inference speed. Moreover, to further leverage the potential of CTC decoder, a graph convolutional network (GCN) is proposed to learn the local correlations of extracted features. Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks demonstrate that our end-to-end model achieves a new state-of-the-art for regular and irregular scene text recognition and needs 6 times shorter inference time than attentionbased methods.
Key facts. Cited by 52 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Feb 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 11; 2023: 14; 2024: 9; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2021Read Like Humans: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 194
- 2025PaddleOCR 3.0 Technical Reportcited by 136
- 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 105
- 2022SVTR: Scene Text Recognition with a Single Visual Modelcited by 86
- 2021Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Studycited by 52
- 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
- 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 41
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
- 2021CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2021Primitive Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 28
- 2021Visual Semantics Allow for Textual Reasoning Better in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 25
38 more
- 2022Levenshtein OCRcited by 24
- 2024SVTRv2: CTC Beats Encoder-Decoder Models in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 23
- 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 19
- 2023Linguistic More: Taking a Further Step toward Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Recognitioncited by 18
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognitioncited by 17
- 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
- 2025UniRec-0.1B: Unified Text and Formula Recognition with 0.1B Parameterscited by 12
- 2026PP-OCRv6: From 1.5M to 34.5M Parameters, Surpassing Billion-Scale VLMs on OCR Taskscited by 12
- 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matchingcited by 11
- 2022SGBANet: Semantic GAN and Balanced Attention Network for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
- 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
- 2023TPS++: Attention-Enhanced Thin-Plate Spline for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
- 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approachcited by 8
- 2026PP-OCRv5: A Specialized 5M-Parameter Model Rivaling Billion-Parameter Vision-Language Models on OCR Taskscited by 8
- 2021Meta Self-Learning for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation: A Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023DiffusionSTR: Diffusion Model for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2021Revisiting Classification Perspective on Scene Text Recognitioncited by 5
- 2021Reciprocal Feature Learning via Explicit and Implicit Tasks in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 5
- 2021Visual-Semantic Transformer for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 5
- 2024SVIPTR: Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognition with Vision Permutable Extractorcited by 5
- 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizercited by 4
- 2023PBFormer: Capturing Complex Scene Text Shape with Polynomial Band Transformercited by 3
- 2025Enhancing OCR for Sino-Vietnamese Language Processing via Fine-tuned PaddleOCRv5cited by 3
- 2021TRIG: Transformer-Based Text Recognizer with Initial Embedding Guidancecited by 2
- 2021Decoupling Visual-Semantic Feature Learning for Robust Scene Text Recognitioncited by 2
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Formscited by 2
- 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022Training Protocol Matters: Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition via Training Protocol Searchingcited by 0
- 2022Character decomposition to resolve class imbalance problem in Hangul OCRcited by 0
- 2022Portmanteauing Features for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2023Scene Text Recognition with Image-Text Matching-guided Dictionarycited by 0
- 2023HiREN: Towards Higher Supervision Quality for Better Scene Text Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2026PP-OCRv6: From 1.5M to 34.5M Parameters, Surpassing Billion-Scale VLMs on OCR Tasks11 Jun 2026
- 2026PP-OCRv5: A Specialized 5M-Parameter Model Rivaling Billion-Parameter Vision-Language Models on OCR Tasks25 Mar 2026
- 2025UniRec-0.1B: Unified Text and Formula Recognition with 0.1B Parameters24 Dec 2025
- 2025Enhancing OCR for Sino-Vietnamese Language Processing via Fine-tuned PaddleOCRv55 Oct 2025
- 2025PaddleOCR 3.0 Technical Report8 Jul 2025
- 2024SVTRv2: CTC Beats Encoder-Decoder Models in Scene Text Recognition24 Nov 2024
- 2024One Model for Two Tasks: Cooperatively Recognizing and Recovering Low-Resolution Scene Text Images by Iterative Mutual Guidance22 Sep 2024
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizer18 Sep 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024LEGO: Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Scene Text Images4 Aug 2024
- 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matching17 Jul 2024
- 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognition9 Apr 2024
38 more
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognition31 Jan 2024
- 2024SVIPTR: Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognition with Vision Permutable Extractor18 Jan 2024
- 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognition19 Dec 2023
- 2023PBFormer: Capturing Complex Scene Text Shape with Polynomial Band Transformer29 Aug 2023
- 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognition24 Aug 2023
- 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approach17 Aug 2023
- 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learning14 Aug 2023
- 2023HiREN: Towards Higher Supervision Quality for Better Scene Text Image Super-Resolution31 Jul 2023
- 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognition25 Jul 2023
- 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognition23 Jul 2023
- 2023DiffusionSTR: Diffusion Model for Scene Text Recognition29 Jun 2023
- 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognition25 May 2023
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognition24 May 2023
- 2023TPS++: Attention-Enhanced Thin-Plate Spline for Scene Text Recognition9 May 2023
- 2023Linguistic More: Taking a Further Step toward Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Recognition9 May 2023
- 2023Scene Text Recognition with Image-Text Matching-guided Dictionary8 May 2023
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spotting19 Nov 2022
- 2022Portmanteauing Features for Scene Text Recognition9 Nov 2022
- 2022Pure Transformer with Integrated Experts for Scene Text Recognition9 Nov 2022
- 2022Masked Vision-Language Transformers for Scene Text Recognition9 Nov 2022
- 2022Levenshtein OCR8 Sep 2022
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognition8 Sep 2022
- 2022Character decomposition to resolve class imbalance problem in Hangul OCR12 Aug 2022
- 2022SGBANet: Semantic GAN and Balanced Attention Network for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Recognition21 Jul 2022
- 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR System7 Jun 2022
- 2022SVTR: Scene Text Recognition with a Single Visual Model30 Apr 2022
- 2022Training Protocol Matters: Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition via Training Protocol Searching13 Mar 2022
- 2021Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Study30 Dec 2021
- 2021Visual Semantics Allow for Textual Reasoning Better in Scene Text Recognition24 Dec 2021
- 2021Visual-Semantic Transformer for Scene Text Recognition2 Dec 2021
- 2021Decoupling Visual-Semantic Feature Learning for Robust Scene Text Recognition24 Nov 2021
- 2021CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognition22 Nov 2021
- 2021TRIG: Transformer-Based Text Recognizer with Initial Embedding Guidance16 Nov 2021
- 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition9 Sep 2021
- 2021Meta Self-Learning for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation: A Benchmark24 Aug 2021
- 2021Reciprocal Feature Learning via Explicit and Implicit Tasks in Scene Text Recognition13 May 2021
- 2021Primitive Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognition10 May 2021
- 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Network12 Apr 2021
50 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2023DiffusionSTR: Diffusion Model for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023DiffusionSTR: Diffusion Model for Scene Text Recognition29 Jun 2023
- 2021Read Like Humans: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 194
- 2025PaddleOCR 3.0 Technical Reportcited by 136
- 2022PP-OCRv3: More Attempts for the Improvement of Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 105
- 2022SVTR: Scene Text Recognition with a Single Visual Modelcited by 86
- 2021Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Studycited by 52
- 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
- 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 41
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
- 2021CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
- 2021Primitive Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 28
- 2021Visual Semantics Allow for Textual Reasoning Better in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 25
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2025UniRec-0.1B: Unified Text and Formula Recognition with 0.1B Parameters24 Dec 2025
- 2025Enhancing OCR for Sino-Vietnamese Language Processing via Fine-tuned PaddleOCRv55 Oct 2025
- 2025PaddleOCR 3.0 Technical Report8 Jul 2025
- 2024SVTRv2: CTC Beats Encoder-Decoder Models in Scene Text Recognition24 Nov 2024
- 2024One Model for Two Tasks: Cooperatively Recognizing and Recovering Low-Resolution Scene Text Images by Iterative Mutual Guidance22 Sep 2024
- 2024VL-Reader: Vision and Language Reconstructor is an Effective Scene Text Recognizer18 Sep 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024LEGO: Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Scene Text Images4 Aug 2024
- 2024Out of Length Text Recognition with Sub-String Matching17 Jul 2024
- 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognition9 Apr 2024
- 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognition31 Jan 2024
- 2024SVIPTR: Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognition with Vision Permutable Extractor18 Jan 2024
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)