mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Multi-modal Text Recognition Networks: Interactive Enhancements between Visual and Semantic Features

arXiv 2111.15263 ↗First posted 30 Nov 2021cs.CVcited by 34

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Abstract (arXiv)

Linguistic knowledge has brought great benefits to scene text recognition by providing semantics to refine character sequences. However, since linguistic knowledge has been applied individually on the output sequence, previous methods have not fully utilized the semantics to understand visual clues for text recognition. This paper introduces a novel method, called Multi-modAl Text Recognition Network (MATRN), that enables interactions between visual and semantic features for better recognition performances. Specifically, MATRN identifies visual and semantic feature pairs and encodes spatial information into semantic features. Based on the spatial encoding, visual and semantic features are enhanced by referring to related features in the other modality. Furthermore, MATRN stimulates combining semantic features into visual features by hiding visual clues related to the character in the training phase. Our experiments demonstrate that MATRN achieves state-of-the-art performances on seven benchmarks with large margins, while naive combinations of two modalities show less-effective improvements. Further ablative studies prove the effectiveness of our proposed components. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/wp03052/MATRN.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2021.

Builds on

28 of 36 references.

References · 28

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  4. 2019Multimodal Transformer for Unaligned Multimodal Language Sequencescited by 645
  5. 2015An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognitioncited by 520
  6. 2016Synthetic Data for Text Localisation in Natural Imagescited by 396
  7. 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
  8. 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 377
  9. 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 271
  10. 2014Synthetic Data and Artificial Neural Networks for Natural Scene Text Recognitioncited by 214
  11. 2018Deterministic Non-Autoregressive Neural Sequence Modeling by Iterative Refinementcited by 195
  12. 2021Read Like Humans: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 194
16 more
  1. 2019What Is Wrong With Scene Text Recognition Model Comparisons? Dataset and Model Analysiscited by 191
  2. 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
  3. 2020Towards Accurate Scene Text Recognition with Semantic Reasoning Networkscited by 131
  4. 2020SEED: Semantics Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Framework for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 119
  5. 2019Iterative Answer Prediction with Pointer-Augmented Multimodal Transformers for TextVQAcited by 107
  6. 2019Decoupled Attention Network for Text Recognitioncited by 102
  7. 2021From Two to One: A New Scene Text Recognizer with Visual Language Modeling Networkcited by 97
  8. 2020RobustScanner: Dynamically Enhancing Positional Clues for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 85
  9. 2021Vision Transformer for Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognitioncited by 81
  10. 2018ESIR: End-to-end Scene Text Recognition via Iterative Image Rectificationcited by 79
  11. 2018NRTR: A No-Recurrence Sequence-to-Sequence Model For Scene Text Recognitioncited by 73
  12. 2019On Recognizing Texts of Arbitrary Shapes with 2D Self-Attentioncited by 59
  13. 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 41
  14. 2021Primitive Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 28
  15. 2021Joint Visual Semantic Reasoning: Multi-Stage Decoder for Text Recognitioncited by 24
  16. 2020SPIN: Structure-Preserving Inner Offset Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 15; 2024: 9; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.

34 papers.

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  1. 2023Revisiting Scene Text Recognition: A Data Perspectivecited by 45
  2. 2022OCR-IDL: OCR Annotations for Industry Document Library Datasetcited by 35
  3. 2023CLIP4STR: A Simple Baseline for Scene Text Recognition with Pre-trained Vision-Language Modelcited by 30
  4. 2024SVTRv2: CTC Beats Encoder-Decoder Models in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 24
  5. 2023Context Perception Parallel Decoder for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 19
  6. 2024Instruction-Guided Scene Text Recognitioncited by 17
  7. 2023CLIPTER: Looking at the Bigger Picture in Scene Text Recognitioncited by 16
  8. 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
  9. 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
  10. 2023Towards Robust Scene Text Image Super-resolution via Explicit Location Enhancementcited by 8
  11. 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
  12. 2024Self-Supervised Pre-training with Symmetric Superimposition Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 8
22 more
  1. 2023Multi-Granularity Prediction with Learnable Fusion for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 7
  2. 2023An Empirical Study of Scaling Law for OCRcited by 7
  3. 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
  4. 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
  5. 2023Masked and Permuted Implicit Context Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 4
  6. 2023One-stage Low-resolution Text Recognition with High-resolution Knowledge Transfercited by 3
  7. 2025ESTR-CoT: Towards Explainable and Accurate Event Stream based Scene Text Recognition with Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 3
  8. 2024Boosting Semi-Supervised Scene Text Recognition via Viewing and Summarizingcited by 2
  9. 2023Looking and Listening: Audio Guided Text Recognitioncited by 1
  10. 2024Efficient scene text image super-resolution with semantic guidancecited by 1
  11. 2024Focus on the Whole Character: Discriminative Character Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
  12. 2023Augmented Transformers with Adaptive n-grams Embedding for Multilingual Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  13. 2023Scene Text Recognition Models Explainability Using Local Featurescited by 0
  14. 2024HAAP: Vision-context Hierarchical Attention Autoregressive with Adaptive Permutation for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  15. 2024Stratified Domain Adaptation: A Progressive Self-Training Approach for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  16. 2025TEACH: Text Encoding as Curriculum Hints for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  17. 2025OTSNet: A Neurocognitive-Inspired Observation-Thinking-Spelling Pipeline for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  18. 2026RGB-Event HyperGraph Prompt for Kilometer Marker Recognition based on Pre-trained Foundation Modelscited by 0
  19. 2026Multi-Modal Character Localization and Extraction for Chinese Text Recognitioncited by 0
  20. 2026Masked Next-Scale Prediction for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  21. 2026Embedding Rotation Invariance for Provable Multi-Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  22. 2026When VLMs Trust Context: Evaluating Scene Text Recognition under Misleading Contextcited by 0