BundleTrack: 6D Pose Tracking for Novel Objects without Instance or Category-Level 3D Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Tracking the 6D pose of objects in video sequences is important for robot manipulation. Most prior efforts, however, often assume that the target object's CAD model, at least at a category-level, is available for offline training or during online template matching. This work proposes BundleTrack, a general framework for 6D pose tracking of novel objects, which does not depend upon 3D models, either at the instance or category-level. It leverages the complementary attributes of recent advances in deep learning for segmentation and robust feature extraction, as well as memory-augmented pose graph optimization for spatiotemporal consistency. This enables long-term, low-drift tracking under various challenging scenarios, including significant occlusions and object motions. Comprehensive experiments given two public benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-art, category-level 6D tracking or dynamic SLAM methods. When compared against state-of-art methods that rely on an object instance CAD model, comparable performance is achieved, despite the proposed method's reduced information requirements. An efficient implementation in CUDA provides a real-time performance of 10Hz for the entire framework. Code is available at: https://github.com/wenbowen123/BundleTrack
Key facts. Cited by 87 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2021.
Builds on
44 of 68 references.
References · 44
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32 more
- 2018Deep Object Pose Estimation for Semantic Robotic Grasping of Household Objectscited by 237
- 2019Pix2Pose: Pixel-Wise Coordinate Regression of Objects for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 218
- 2019PVN3D: A Deep Point-wise 3D Keypoints Voting Network for 6DoF Pose Estimationcited by 204
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- 2019LatentFusion: End-to-End Differentiable Reconstruction and Rendering for Unseen Object Pose Estimationcited by 88
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 20; 2023: 19; 2024: 15; 2025: 18; 2026: 13.
87 papers.
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- 2023FoundationPose: Unified 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Novel Objectscited by 411
- 2022HOI4D: A 4D Egocentric Dataset for Category-Level Human-Object Interactioncited by 321
- 2023MimicGen: A Data Generation System for Scalable Robot Learning using Human Demonstrationscited by 308
- 2022OnePose: One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 155
- 2023BundleSDF: Neural 6-DoF Tracking and 3D Reconstruction of Unknown Objectscited by 144
- 2022Gen6D: Generalizable Model-Free 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from RGB Imagescited by 120
- 20226-DoF Pose Estimation of Household Objects for Robotic Manipulation: An Accessible Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 85
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learningcited by 80
- 2022You Only Demonstrate Once: Category-Level Manipulation from Single Visual Demonstrationcited by 79
- 2022ShAPO: Implicit Representations for Multi-Object Shape, Appearance, and Pose Optimizationcited by 70
- 2022CenterSnap: Single-Shot Multi-Object 3D Shape Reconstruction and Categorical 6D Pose and Size Estimationcited by 69
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
38 more
- 2022Parallel Inversion of Neural Radiance Fields for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 55
- 2021CaTGrasp: Learning Category-Level Task-Relevant Grasping in Clutter from Simulationcited by 49
- 2024Omni6DPose: A Benchmark and Model for Universal 6D Object Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 48
- 2023HS-Pose: Hybrid Scope Feature Extraction for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 47
- 2023HANDAL: A Dataset of Real-World Manipulable Object Categories with Pose Annotations, Affordances, and Reconstructionscited by 47
- 2022SSP-Pose: Symmetry-Aware Shape Prior Deformation for Direct Category-Level Object Pose Estimationcited by 41
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2023TTA-COPE: Test-Time Adaptation for Category-Level Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2023Open-vocabulary object 6D pose estimationcited by 29
- 2024HO-Cap: A Capture System and Dataset for 3D Reconstruction and Pose Tracking of Hand-Object Interactioncited by 25
- 2021iCaps: Iterative Category-level Object Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 23
- 2024InterTrack: Tracking Human Object Interaction without Object Templatescited by 22
- 2022Tracking and Reconstructing Hand Object Interactions from Point Cloud Sequences in the Wildcited by 17
- 2022PIZZA: A Powerful Image-only Zero-Shot Zero-CAD Approach to 6 DoF Trackingcited by 15
- 2023SOCS: Semantically-aware Object Coordinate Space for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation under Large Shape Variationscited by 12
- 2023Diff-DOPE: Differentiable Deep Object Pose Estimationcited by 11
- 2023PACE: A Large-Scale Dataset with Pose Annotations in Cluttered Environmentscited by 11
- 2023Task Generalization with Stability Guarantees via Elastic Dynamical System Motion Policiescited by 10
- 2023MFOS: Model-Free & One-Shot Object Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 2024RHOBIN Challenge: Reconstruction of Human Object Interactioncited by 10
- 2024Lost & Found: Tracking Changes from Egocentric Observations in 3D Dynamic Scene Graphscited by 10
- 20246DOPE-GS: Online 6D Object Pose Estimation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
- 20256D Object Pose Tracking in Internet Videos for Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
- 2025GoTrack: Generic 6DoF Object Pose Refinement and Trackingcited by 10
- 2025UA-Pose: Uncertainty-Aware 6D Object Pose Estimation and Online Object Completion with Partial Referencescited by 9
- 2022Learning to Complete Object Shapes for Object-level Mapping in Dynamic Scenescited by 8
- 2023You Only Look at One: Category-Level Object Representations for Pose Estimation From a Single Examplecited by 8
- 2025From Simple to Complex Skills: The Case of In-Hand Object Reorientationcited by 8
- 2022BCOT: A Markerless High-Precision 3D Object Tracking Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2022Large-displacement 3D Object Tracking with Hybrid Non-local Optimizationcited by 7
- 2026FunRec: Reconstructing Functional 3D Scenes from Egocentric Interaction Videoscited by 7
- 2022Learning Sensorimotor Primitives of Sequential Manipulation Tasks from Visual Demonstrationscited by 6
- 2022Optimal and Robust Category-level Perception: Object Pose and Shape Estimation from 2D and 3D Semantic Keypointscited by 6
- 2022Ambiguity-Aware Multi-Object Pose Optimization for Visually-Assisted Robot Manipulationcited by 6
- 2025RGBTrack: Fast, Robust Depth-Free 6D Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 6
- 2022Enhancing Generalizable 6D Pose Tracking of an In-Hand Object with Tactile Sensingcited by 5
- 2022One-Shot Neural Fields for 3D Object Understandingcited by 5
- 2022Video based Object 6D Pose Estimation using Transformerscited by 5
50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2026GenCOPE: Syn2Real Generalized Category-Level Object Pose Estimation for Robotic Picking1 Oct 2026
- 2026GRC-Pose: Generation-Reconstruction Correspondence for Prior-Free 6D Object Pose Tracking30 Sep 2026
- 2026AURORA: Active Uncertainty-Driven Re-Orientation for In-Hand Reconstruction8 Sep 2026
- 2026Adaptive Vision-Language Grasping via Composable Foundation Priors and Generalizable Grasp Synthesis3 Sep 2026
- 2026RRTrack: Robust and Recoverable Object 6D Pose Tracking for Dynamic Scenes26 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust 6-DoF Object Pose Tracking with Built-In Recovery under Occlusions and Rapid Object Motions26 Jul 2026
- 2026Pose Anything Anywhere:Model-free Object Poses from Arbitrary References22 Jun 2026
- 2026Pose6DAug: Physically Plausible Multi-view Object Swapping for Robot Data Augmentation18 Jun 2026
- 2026EgoAERO: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from a Single Egocentric Video without Object Assets6 Jun 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026Point2Pose: Occlusion-Recovering 6D Pose Tracking and 3D Reconstruction for Multiple Unknown Objects Via 2D Point Trackers12 Apr 2026
- 2026FunRec: Reconstructing Functional 3D Scenes from Egocentric Interaction Videos7 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026Event6D: Event-based Novel Object 6D Pose Tracking30 Mar 2026
- 2025PoseStreamer: A Multi-modal Framework for 3D Tracking of Unseen Moving Objects28 Dec 2025
- 2025KV-Tracker: Real-Time Pose Tracking with Transformers27 Dec 2025
- 2025Light Field Based 6DoF Tracking of Previously Unobserved Objects15 Dec 2025
- 2025Exploring Category-level Articulated Object Pose Tracking on SE(3) Manifolds8 Nov 2025
- 2025Color-Pair Guided Robust Zero-Shot 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Cluttered Objects on Edge Devices28 Sep 2025
- 2025Category-Level Object Shape and Pose Estimation in Less Than a Millisecond23 Sep 2025
- 2025IMD: A 6-DoF Pose Estimation Benchmark for Industrial Metallic Objects15 Sep 2025
- 2025RGBTrack: Fast, Robust Depth-Free 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking20 Jun 2025
- 2025UA-Pose: Uncertainty-Aware 6D Object Pose Estimation and Online Object Completion with Partial References9 Jun 2025
- 2025GoTrack: Generic 6DoF Object Pose Refinement and Tracking8 Jun 2025
- 2025GTR: Gaussian Splatting Tracking and Reconstruction of Unknown Objects Based on Appearance and Geometric Complexity17 May 2025
- 2025PRISM-DP: Spatial Pose-based Observations for Diffusion-Policies via Segmentation, Mesh Generation, and Pose Tracking29 Apr 2025
- 2025MonoDiff9D: Monocular Category-Level 9D Object Pose Estimation via Diffusion Model14 Apr 2025
- 2025DynOPETs: A Versatile Benchmark for Dynamic Object Pose Estimation and Tracking in Moving Camera Scenarios25 Mar 2025
- 2025Foundation Feature-Driven Online End-Effector Pose Estimation: A Marker-Free and Learning-Free Approach18 Mar 2025
- 20256D Object Pose Tracking in Internet Videos for Robotic Manipulation13 Mar 2025
- 2025V-HOP: Visuo-Haptic 6D Object Pose Tracking24 Feb 2025
- 2025From Simple to Complex Skills: The Case of In-Hand Object Reorientation9 Jan 2025
- 20246DOPE-GS: Online 6D Object Pose Estimation using Gaussian Splatting2 Dec 2024
- 2024Lost & Found: Tracking Changes from Egocentric Observations in 3D Dynamic Scene Graphs28 Nov 2024
- 2024Generalizable Single-view Object Pose Estimation by Two-side Generating and Matching24 Nov 2024
- 2024OmniPose6D: Towards Short-Term Object Pose Tracking in Dynamic Scenes from Monocular RGB9 Oct 2024
- 2024SurgTrack: CAD-Free 3D Tracking of Real-world Surgical Instruments4 Sep 2024
- 2024InterTrack: Tracking Human Object Interaction without Object Templates25 Aug 2024
- 2024SRPose: Two-view Relative Pose Estimation with Sparse Keypoints11 Jul 2024
- 2024HO-Cap: A Capture System and Dataset for 3D Reconstruction and Pose Tracking of Hand-Object Interaction10 Jun 2024
- 2024Omni6DPose: A Benchmark and Model for Universal 6D Object Pose Estimation and Tracking6 Jun 2024
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Survey13 May 2024
- 2024Extreme Two-View Geometry From Object Poses with Diffusion Models5 Feb 2024
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learning21 Jan 2024
- 2024ICON: Incremental CONfidence for Joint Pose and Radiance Field Optimization17 Jan 2024
- 2024Towards Real-World Aerial Vision Guidance with Categorical 6D Pose Tracker9 Jan 2024
- 2024RHOBIN Challenge: Reconstruction of Human Object Interaction7 Jan 2024
- 2023PACE: A Large-Scale Dataset with Pose Annotations in Cluttered Environments23 Dec 2023
- 2023FoundationPose: Unified 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Novel Objects13 Dec 2023
- 2023Open-vocabulary object 6D pose estimation1 Dec 2023
- 2023MimicGen: A Data Generation System for Scalable Robot Learning using Human Demonstrations26 Oct 2023
50 newest of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2025PRISM-DP: Spatial Pose-based Observations for Diffusion-Policies via Segmentation, Mesh Generation, and Pose Trackingcited by 5
- 2024Extreme Two-View Geometry From Object Poses with Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025MonoDiff9D: Monocular Category-Level 9D Object Pose Estimation via Diffusion Modelcited by 4
- 2025PRISM-DP: Spatial Pose-based Observations for Diffusion-Policies via Segmentation, Mesh Generation, and Pose Tracking29 Apr 2025
- 2025MonoDiff9D: Monocular Category-Level 9D Object Pose Estimation via Diffusion Model14 Apr 2025
- 2024Extreme Two-View Geometry From Object Poses with Diffusion Models5 Feb 2024
- 2023FoundationPose: Unified 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Novel Objectscited by 411
- 2022HOI4D: A 4D Egocentric Dataset for Category-Level Human-Object Interactioncited by 321
- 2022OnePose: One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 155
- 2023BundleSDF: Neural 6-DoF Tracking and 3D Reconstruction of Unknown Objectscited by 144
- 2022Gen6D: Generalizable Model-Free 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from RGB Imagescited by 120
- 20226-DoF Pose Estimation of Household Objects for Robotic Manipulation: An Accessible Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 85
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learningcited by 80
- 2022You Only Demonstrate Once: Category-Level Manipulation from Single Visual Demonstrationcited by 79
- 2022ShAPO: Implicit Representations for Multi-Object Shape, Appearance, and Pose Optimizationcited by 70
- 2022CenterSnap: Single-Shot Multi-Object 3D Shape Reconstruction and Categorical 6D Pose and Size Estimationcited by 69
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
- 2022Parallel Inversion of Neural Radiance Fields for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 55
12 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)
- 2026GenCOPE: Syn2Real Generalized Category-Level Object Pose Estimation for Robotic Picking1 Oct 2026
- 2026GRC-Pose: Generation-Reconstruction Correspondence for Prior-Free 6D Object Pose Tracking30 Sep 2026
- 2026AURORA: Active Uncertainty-Driven Re-Orientation for In-Hand Reconstruction8 Sep 2026
- 2026Adaptive Vision-Language Grasping via Composable Foundation Priors and Generalizable Grasp Synthesis3 Sep 2026
- 2026RRTrack: Robust and Recoverable Object 6D Pose Tracking for Dynamic Scenes26 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust 6-DoF Object Pose Tracking with Built-In Recovery under Occlusions and Rapid Object Motions26 Jul 2026
- 2026Pose Anything Anywhere:Model-free Object Poses from Arbitrary References22 Jun 2026
- 2026EgoAERO: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from a Single Egocentric Video without Object Assets6 Jun 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026Point2Pose: Occlusion-Recovering 6D Pose Tracking and 3D Reconstruction for Multiple Unknown Objects Via 2D Point Trackers12 Apr 2026
- 2026FunRec: Reconstructing Functional 3D Scenes from Egocentric Interaction Videos7 Apr 2026
- 2026Event6D: Event-based Novel Object 6D Pose Tracking30 Mar 2026
12 newest of 81 All 81 (JSON)