mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Rethinking BiSeNet For Real-time Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 2104.13188 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 124

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

BiSeNet has been proved to be a popular two-stream network for real-time segmentation. However, its principle of adding an extra path to encode spatial information is time-consuming, and the backbones borrowed from pretrained tasks, e.g., image classification, may be inefficient for image segmentation due to the deficiency of task-specific design. To handle these problems, we propose a novel and efficient structure named Short-Term Dense Concatenate network (STDC network) by removing structure redundancy. Specifically, we gradually reduce the dimension of feature maps and use the aggregation of them for image representation, which forms the basic module of STDC network. In the decoder, we propose a Detail Aggregation module by integrating the learning of spatial information into low-level layers in single-stream manner. Finally, the low-level features and deep features are fused to predict the final segmentation results. Extensive experiments on Cityscapes and CamVid dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by achieving promising trade-off between segmentation accuracy and inference speed. On Cityscapes, we achieve 71.9% mIoU on the test set with a speed of 250.4 FPS on NVIDIA GTX 1080Ti, which is 45.2% faster than the latest methods, and achieve 76.8% mIoU with 97.0 FPS while inferring on higher resolution images.

Key facts. Cited by 124 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2021.

Builds on

28 of 31 references.

References · 28

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
  3. 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
  4. 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
  5. 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
  6. 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
  7. 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,472
  8. 2017Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 2,154
  9. 2019Searching for MobileNetV3cited by 1,984
  10. 2016Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networkscited by 1,960
  11. 2015SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentationcited by 1,483
  12. 2017ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devicescited by 1,194
16 more
  1. 2016SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model sizecited by 1,054
  2. 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
  3. 2018Bag of Tricks for Image Classification with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 430
  4. 2019GhostNet: More Features from Cheap Operationscited by 410
  5. 2020BiSeNet V2: Bilateral Network with Guided Aggregation for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 294
  6. 2016ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 291
  7. 2017ICNet for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation on High-Resolution Imagescited by 261
  8. 2020Semantic Flow for Fast and Accurate Scene Parsingcited by 128
  9. 2019DFANet: Deep Feature Aggregation for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 100
  10. 2018Learning to predict crisp boundariescited by 81
  11. 2020Temporally Distributed Networks for Fast Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 77
  12. 2019FasterSeg: Searching for Faster Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 73
  13. 2019DABNet: Depth-wise Asymmetric Bottleneck for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 45
  14. 2019Customizable Architecture Search for Semantic Segmentationcited by 41
  15. 2019Partial Order Pruning: for Best Speed/Accuracy Trade-off in Neural Architecture Searchcited by 39
  16. 2019Graph-guided Architecture Search for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 28

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 32; 2023: 36; 2024: 19; 2025: 17; 2026: 11.

124 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 279
  2. 2022ZegCLIP: Towards Adapting CLIP for Zero-shot Semantic Segmentationcited by 178
  3. 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 110
  4. 2021Large-scale Unsupervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 98
  5. 2022PIDNet: A Real-time Semantic Segmentation Network Inspired by PID Controllerscited by 84
  6. 2024What Matters When Repurposing Diffusion Models for General Dense Perception Tasks?cited by 74
  7. 2024SAM2-Adapter: Evaluating & Adapting Segment Anything 2 in Downstream Tasks: Camouflage, Shadow, Medical Image Segmentation, and Morecited by 58
  8. 2023SAM Fails to Segment Anything? -- SAM-Adapter: Adapting SAM in Underperformed Scenes: Camouflage, Shadow, Medical Image Segmentation, and Morecited by 53
  9. 2023Continual Semantic Segmentation with Automatic Memory Sample Selectioncited by 39
  10. 2024PEM: Prototype-based Efficient MaskFormer for Image Segmentationcited by 35
  11. 2021LIF-Seg: LiDAR and Camera Image Fusion for 3D LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
  12. 2024Frequency-Adaptive Dilated Convolution for Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
38 more
  1. 2022PP-LiteSeg: A Superior Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Modelcited by 33
  2. 2022RTFormer: Efficient Design for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation with Transformercited by 31
  3. 2022GLFF: Global and Local Feature Fusion for AI-synthesized Image Detectioncited by 25
  4. 2022On Calibrating Semantic Segmentation Models: Analyses and An Algorithmcited by 25
  5. 2024Context-Guided Spatial Feature Reconstruction for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 25
  6. 2023Tube-Link: A Flexible Cross Tube Framework for Universal Video Segmentationcited by 23
  7. 2021Building extraction with vision transformercited by 22
  8. 2023Ultra-High Resolution Segmentation with Ultra-Rich Context: A Novel Benchmarkcited by 22
  9. 2023SCTNet: Single-Branch CNN with Transformer Semantic Information for Real-Time Segmentationcited by 22
  10. 2023DFormer: Diffusion-guided Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 19
  11. 2023LaRS: A Diverse Panoptic Maritime Obstacle Detection Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 19
  12. 2024AUCSeg: AUC-oriented Pixel-level Long-tail Semantic Segmentationcited by 18
  13. 2022TransKD: Transformer Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  14. 2022Hyperbolic Uncertainty Aware Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  15. 2023Unite-Divide-Unite: Joint Boosting Trunk and Structure for High-accuracy Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 17
  16. 2022Distilling Inter-Class Distance for Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
  17. 2023GLH-Water: A Large-Scale Dataset for Global Surface Water Detection in Large-Size Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagerycited by 16
  18. 2023Guided Patch-Grouping Wavelet Transformer with Spatial Congruence for Ultra-High Resolution Segmentationcited by 16
  19. 2023BPKD: Boundary Privileged Knowledge Distillation For Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  20. 2023Computation-efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 14
  21. 2023Open Scene Understanding: Grounded Situation Recognition Meets Segment Anything for Helping People with Visual Impairmentscited by 13
  22. 2023Lightweight Real-time Semantic Segmentation Network with Efficient Transformer and CNNcited by 12
  23. 2024CrackNex: a Few-shot Low-light Crack Segmentation Model Based on Retinex Theory for UAV Inspectionscited by 12
  24. 2021Rethinking Dilated Convolution for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 11
  25. 2022SFNet: Faster and Accurate Semantic Segmentation via Semantic Flowcited by 10
  26. 2022NanoFlowNet: Real-time Dense Optical Flow on a Nano Quadcoptercited by 10
  27. 2022FsaNet: Frequency Self-attention for Semantic Segmentationcited by 10
  28. 2023Real-time High-Resolution Neural Network with Semantic Guidance for Crack Segmentationcited by 10
  29. 2025Structural and Statistical Texture Knowledge Distillation and Learning for Segmentationcited by 9
  30. 2023Efficient Semantic Segmentation by Altering Resolutions for Compressed Videoscited by 8
  31. 2022On Efficient Real-Time Semantic Segmentation: A Surveycited by 7
  32. 2023The 2nd Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2024cited by 7
  33. 2024On-chip Hyperspectral Image Segmentation with Fully Convolutional Networks for Scene Understanding in Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  34. 2022Surrogate-assisted Multi-objective Neural Architecture Search for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  35. 2023Robust Backdoor Attacks on Object Detection in Real Worldcited by 5
  36. 2024Make a Strong Teacher with Label Assistance: A Novel Knowledge Distillation Approach for Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  37. 2024Segment-Anything Models Achieve Zero-shot Robustness in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  38. 2025Revisiting Efficient Semantic Segmentation: Learning Offsets for Better Spatial and Class Feature Alignmentcited by 5

50 most cited of 124 All 124 (JSON)