Rethinking BiSeNet For Real-time Semantic Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
BiSeNet has been proved to be a popular two-stream network for real-time segmentation. However, its principle of adding an extra path to encode spatial information is time-consuming, and the backbones borrowed from pretrained tasks, e.g., image classification, may be inefficient for image segmentation due to the deficiency of task-specific design. To handle these problems, we propose a novel and efficient structure named Short-Term Dense Concatenate network (STDC network) by removing structure redundancy. Specifically, we gradually reduce the dimension of feature maps and use the aggregation of them for image representation, which forms the basic module of STDC network. In the decoder, we propose a Detail Aggregation module by integrating the learning of spatial information into low-level layers in single-stream manner. Finally, the low-level features and deep features are fused to predict the final segmentation results. Extensive experiments on Cityscapes and CamVid dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by achieving promising trade-off between segmentation accuracy and inference speed. On Cityscapes, we achieve 71.9% mIoU on the test set with a speed of 250.4 FPS on NVIDIA GTX 1080Ti, which is 45.2% faster than the latest methods, and achieve 76.8% mIoU with 97.0 FPS while inferring on higher resolution images.
Key facts. Cited by 124 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2021.
Builds on
28 of 31 references.
References · 28
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
- 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
- 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,472
- 2017Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 2,154
- 2019Searching for MobileNetV3cited by 1,984
- 2016Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networkscited by 1,960
- 2015SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentationcited by 1,483
- 2017ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devicescited by 1,194
16 more
- 2016SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model sizecited by 1,054
- 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
- 2018Bag of Tricks for Image Classification with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 430
- 2019GhostNet: More Features from Cheap Operationscited by 410
- 2020BiSeNet V2: Bilateral Network with Guided Aggregation for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 294
- 2016ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 291
- 2017ICNet for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation on High-Resolution Imagescited by 261
- 2020Semantic Flow for Fast and Accurate Scene Parsingcited by 128
- 2019DFANet: Deep Feature Aggregation for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 100
- 2018Learning to predict crisp boundariescited by 81
- 2020Temporally Distributed Networks for Fast Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 77
- 2019FasterSeg: Searching for Faster Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 73
- 2019DABNet: Depth-wise Asymmetric Bottleneck for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 45
- 2019Customizable Architecture Search for Semantic Segmentationcited by 41
- 2019Partial Order Pruning: for Best Speed/Accuracy Trade-off in Neural Architecture Searchcited by 39
- 2019Graph-guided Architecture Search for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 28
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 32; 2023: 36; 2024: 19; 2025: 17; 2026: 11.
124 papers.
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- 2024Exposing Text-Image Inconsistency Using Diffusion Modelscited by 4
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- 2024What Matters When Repurposing Diffusion Models for General Dense Perception Tasks?10 Mar 2024
- 2022GLFF: Global and Local Feature Fusion for AI-synthesized Image Detection16 Nov 2022
- 2021SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Models1 Dec 2021
- 2022ZegCLIP: Towards Adapting CLIP for Zero-shot Semantic Segmentationcited by 178
- 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 110
- 2021Large-scale Unsupervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 98
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- 2024SAM2-Adapter: Evaluating & Adapting Segment Anything 2 in Downstream Tasks: Camouflage, Shadow, Medical Image Segmentation, and Morecited by 58
- 2023SAM Fails to Segment Anything? -- SAM-Adapter: Adapting SAM in Underperformed Scenes: Camouflage, Shadow, Medical Image Segmentation, and Morecited by 53
- 2023Continual Semantic Segmentation with Automatic Memory Sample Selectioncited by 39
- 2024PEM: Prototype-based Efficient MaskFormer for Image Segmentationcited by 35
- 2021LIF-Seg: LiDAR and Camera Image Fusion for 3D LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
- 2024Frequency-Adaptive Dilated Convolution for Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
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- 2026BOCCHI: A More Realistic and Challenging Benchmark for Local Motion Blur Detection with MSDCT-UNet11 Jul 2026
- 2026PILOT: A Data-Free Continual Learning Approach for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation via Boundary Guidance26 May 2026
- 2026ATV-Net: Adaptive Triple-View Network with Dynamic Feature Fusion25 May 2026
- 2026SFR-Net: Learning Scale-Frustum Representations for Ultra-Wide Area Remote Sensing Image Segmentation25 May 2026
- 2026LiftFormer: Lifting and Frame Theory Based Monocular Depth Estimation Using Depth and Edge Oriented Subspace Representation8 Apr 2026
- 2026Context-Aware Semantic Segmentation via Stage-Wise Attention16 Jan 2026
- 2026CroBIM-U: Uncertainty-Driven Referring Remote Sensing Image Segmentation7 Jan 2026
- 2026Cross-Layer Attentive Feature Upsampling for Low-latency Semantic Segmentation3 Jan 2026
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