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DFANet: Deep Feature Aggregation for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 1904.02216 ↗First posted 3 Apr 2019cs.CVcited by 100

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces an extremely efficient CNN architecture named DFANet for semantic segmentation under resource constraints. Our proposed network starts from a single lightweight backbone and aggregates discriminative features through sub-network and sub-stage cascade respectively. Based on the multi-scale feature propagation, DFANet substantially reduces the number of parameters, but still obtains sufficient receptive field and enhances the model learning ability, which strikes a balance between the speed and segmentation performance. Experiments on Cityscapes and CamVid datasets demonstrate the superior performance of DFANet with 8× less FLOPs and 2× faster than the existing state-of-the-art real-time semantic segmentation methods while providing comparable accuracy. Specifically, it achieves 70.3% Mean IOU on the Cityscapes test dataset with only 1.7 GFLOPs and a speed of 160 FPS on one NVIDIA Titan X card, and 71.3% Mean IOU with 3.4 GFLOPs while inferring on a higher resolution image.

Key facts. Cited by 100 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 30; 2023: 16; 2024: 20; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2022SegNeXt: Rethinking Convolutional Attention Design for Semantic Segmentationcited by 252
  2. 2021Exploring Cross-Image Pixel Contrast for Semantic Segmentationcited by 242
  3. 2021Rethinking BiSeNet For Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 124
  4. 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 110
  5. 2021Lite-HRNet: A Lightweight High-Resolution Networkcited by 91
  6. 2021Deep Dual-resolution Networks for Real-time and Accurate Semantic Segmentation of Road Scenescited by 89
  7. 2022PIDNet: A Real-time Semantic Segmentation Network Inspired by PID Controllerscited by 84
  8. 2022TopFormer: Token Pyramid Transformer for Mobile Semantic Segmentationcited by 82
  9. 2022EfficientViT: Multi-Scale Linear Attention for High-Resolution Dense Predictioncited by 42
  10. 2021HR-NAS: Searching Efficient High-Resolution Neural Architectures with Lightweight Transformerscited by 39
  11. 2022PP-LiteSeg: A Superior Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Modelcited by 33
  12. 2022RTFormer: Efficient Design for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation with Transformercited by 31
38 more
  1. 2021Trans4Trans: Efficient Transformer for Transparent Object Segmentation to Help Visually Impaired People Navigate in the Real Worldcited by 30
  2. 2024Context-Guided Spatial Feature Reconstruction for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 25
  3. 2021Trans4Trans: Efficient Transformer for Transparent Object and Semantic Scene Segmentation in Real-World Navigation Assistancecited by 22
  4. 2021Double Similarity Distillation for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 19
  5. 2021Robust Semantic Segmentation with Superpixel-Mixcited by 19
  6. 2023SeaFormer++: Squeeze-enhanced Axial Transformer for Mobile Visual Recognitioncited by 18
  7. 2021FBSNet: A Fast Bilateral Symmetrical Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  8. 2022TransKD: Transformer Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  9. 2022Hyperbolic Uncertainty Aware Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  10. 2022Stage-Aware Feature Alignment Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenescited by 15
  11. 2021AttaNet: Attention-Augmented Network for Fast and Accurate Scene Parsingcited by 14
  12. 2021MSCFNet: A Lightweight Network With Multi-Scale Context Fusion for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
  13. 2022FAKD: Feature Augmented Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
  14. 2023Computation-efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 14
  15. 2021Segmenting Transparent Object in the Wild with Transformercited by 13
  16. 2024Exploring the Synergies of Hybrid CNNs and ViTs Architectures for Computer Vision: A surveycited by 13
  17. 2023Lightweight Real-time Semantic Segmentation Network with Efficient Transformer and CNNcited by 12
  18. 2021Rethinking Dilated Convolution for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 11
  19. 2023Not Just Learning from Others but Relying on Yourself: A New Perspective on Few-Shot Segmentation in Remote Sensingcited by 11
  20. 2022SFNet: Faster and Accurate Semantic Segmentation via Semantic Flowcited by 10
  21. 2022Efficient Joint-Dimensional Search with Solution Space Regularization for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 9
  22. 2023Efficient Semantic Segmentation by Altering Resolutions for Compressed Videoscited by 8
  23. 2022On Efficient Real-Time Semantic Segmentation: A Surveycited by 7
  24. 2021Lightweight Monocular Depth with a Novel Neural Architecture Search Methodcited by 6
  25. 2024Multi-task Learning for Real-time Autonomous Driving Leveraging Task-adaptive Attention Generatorcited by 6
  26. 2021Fast and Accurate Scene Parsing via Bi-direction Alignment Networkscited by 5
  27. 2023Soft labelling for semantic segmentation: Bringing coherence to label down-samplingcited by 5
  28. 2024HAFormer: Unleashing the Power of Hierarchy-Aware Features for Lightweight Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  29. 2024Make a Strong Teacher with Label Assistance: A Novel Knowledge Distillation Approach for Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
  30. 2025Revisiting Efficient Semantic Segmentation: Learning Offsets for Better Spatial and Class Feature Alignmentcited by 5
  31. 2021Real-Time Monocular Human Depth Estimation and Segmentation on Embedded Systemscited by 4
  32. 2022SlimSeg: Slimmable Semantic Segmentation with Boundary Supervisioncited by 4
  33. 2022Lightweight and Progressively-Scalable Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
  34. 2023Real-Time Semantic Segmentation: A Brief Survey & Comparative Study in Remote Sensingcited by 4
  35. 2024Deep Common Feature Mining for Efficient Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
  36. 2024ALPS: An Auto-Labeling and Pre-training Scheme for Remote Sensing Segmentation With Segment Anything Modelcited by 4
  37. 2022Deep Multi-Branch Aggregation Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation in Street Scenescited by 3
  38. 2022Deep Learning Framework for Real-time Fetal Brain Segmentation in MRIcited by 3

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