mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning Salient Boundary Feature for Anchor-free Temporal Action Localization

arXiv 2103.13137 ↗First posted 24 Mar 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 156

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Abstract (arXiv)

Temporal action localization is an important yet challenging task in video understanding. Typically, such a task aims at inferring both the action category and localization of the start and end frame for each action instance in a long, untrimmed video.While most current models achieve good results by using pre-defined anchors and numerous actionness, such methods could be bothered with both large number of outputs and heavy tuning of locations and sizes corresponding to different anchors. Instead, anchor-free methods is lighter, getting rid of redundant hyper-parameters, but gains few attention. In this paper, we propose the first purely anchor-free temporal localization method, which is both efficient and effective. Our model includes (i) an end-to-end trainable basic predictor, (ii) a saliency-based refinement module to gather more valuable boundary features for each proposal with a novel boundary pooling, and (iii) several consistency constraints to make sure our model can find the accurate boundary given arbitrary proposals. Extensive experiments show that our method beats all anchor-based and actionness-guided methods with a remarkable margin on THUMOS14, achieving state-of-the-art results, and comparable ones on ActivityNet v1.3. Code is available at https://github.com/TencentYoutuResearch/ActionDetection-AFSD.

Key facts. Cited by 156 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2021.

Builds on

33 of 45 references.

References · 33

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  6. 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
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  8. 2018Group Normalizationcited by 1,514
  9. 2014Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videoscited by 1,067
  10. 2018CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypointscited by 763
  11. 2019Bridging the Gap Between Anchor-based and Anchor-free Detection via Adaptive Training Sample Selectioncited by 539
  12. 2017Learning Spatio-Temporal Representation with Pseudo-3D Residual Networkscited by 386
21 more
  1. 2017Soft-NMS -- Improving Object Detection With One Line of Codecited by 380
  2. 2019BMN: Boundary-Matching Network for Temporal Action Proposal Generationcited by 327
  3. 2018BSN: Boundary Sensitive Network for Temporal Action Proposal Generationcited by 271
  4. 2017Temporal Action Detection with Structured Segment Networkscited by 265
  5. 2019G-TAD: Sub-Graph Localization for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 248
  6. 2019Graph Convolutional Networks for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 208
  7. 2018Rethinking the Faster R-CNN Architecture for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 194
  8. 2017R-C3D: Region Convolutional 3D Network for Temporal Activity Detectioncited by 161
  9. 2019Gaussian Temporal Awareness Networks for Action Localizationcited by 135
  10. 2017Single Shot Temporal Action Detectioncited by 123
  11. 2017TURN TAP: Temporal Unit Regression Network for Temporal Action Proposalscited by 113
  12. 2017CDC: Convolutional-De-Convolutional Networks for Precise Temporal Action Localization in Untrimmed Videoscited by 112
  13. 2019Fast Learning of Temporal Action Proposal via Dense Boundary Generatorcited by 89
  14. 2020Boundary Content Graph Neural Network for Temporal Action Proposal Generationcited by 88
  15. 2020Revisiting Anchor Mechanisms for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 75
  16. 2018Diagnosing Error in Temporal Action Detectorscited by 71
  17. 2020SF-Net: Single-Frame Supervision for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 62
  18. 2020Weakly-Supervised Action Localization with Expectation-Maximization Multi-Instance Learningcited by 48
  19. 2020BorderDet: Border Feature for Dense Object Detectioncited by 39
  20. 2017Cascaded Boundary Regression for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 35
  21. 2020Learning to Localize Actions from Momentscited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 39; 2023: 38; 2024: 34; 2025: 19; 2026: 16.

156 papers.

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  1. 2023VideoMAE V2: Scaling Video Masked Autoencoders with Dual Maskingcited by 516
  2. 2021Prompting Visual-Language Models for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 309
  3. 2022ActionFormer: Localizing Moments of Actions with Transformerscited by 308
  4. 2021End-to-end Temporal Action Detection with Transformercited by 150
  5. 2023TriDet: Temporal Action Detection with Relative Boundary Modelingcited by 141
  6. 2022TALLFormer: Temporal Action Localization with a Long-memory Transformercited by 78
  7. 2022InternVideo-Ego4D: A Pack of Champion Solutions to Ego4D Challengescited by 48
  8. 2022ReAct: Temporal Action Detection with Relational Queriescited by 47
  9. 2023End-to-End Temporal Action Detection with 1B Parameters Across 1000 Framescited by 47
  10. 2023Dense-Localizing Audio-Visual Events in Untrimmed Videos: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Baselinecited by 45
  11. 2022An Empirical Study of End-to-End Temporal Action Detectioncited by 40
  12. 2022Spotting Temporally Precise, Fine-Grained Events in Videocited by 40
38 more
  1. 2023MH-DETR: Video Moment and Highlight Detection with Cross-modal Transformercited by 40
  2. 2022Fine-grained Temporal Contrastive Learning for Weakly-supervised Temporal Action Localizationcited by 33
  3. 2023UMMAFormer: A Universal Multimodal-adaptive Transformer Framework for Temporal Forgery Localizationcited by 33
  4. 2021Learning an Augmented RGB Representation with Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Action Detectioncited by 32
  5. 2021Deep Learning-based Action Detection in Untrimmed Videos: A Surveycited by 32
  6. 2023WEAR: An Outdoor Sports Dataset for Wearable and Egocentric Activity Recognitioncited by 30
  7. 2023BAM-DETR: Boundary-Aligned Moment Detection Transformer for Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videoscited by 29
  8. 2022BasicTAD: an Astounding RGB-Only Baseline for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 28
  9. 2023Action Sensitivity Learning for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 28
  10. 2023TemporalMaxer: Maximize Temporal Context with only Max Pooling for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 27
  11. 2023Mask Propagation for Efficient Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 26
  12. 2021Augmented Transformer with Adaptive Graph for Temporal Action Proposal Generationcited by 25
  13. 2022RCL: Recurrent Continuous Localization for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 25
  14. 2022OpenTAL: Towards Open Set Temporal Action Localizationcited by 23
  15. 2022PointTAD: Multi-Label Temporal Action Detection with Learnable Query Pointscited by 22
  16. 2023Self-Feedback DETR for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 22
  17. 2021Hear Me Out: Fusional Approaches for Audio Augmented Temporal Action Localizationcited by 21
  18. 2022Colar: Effective and Efficient Online Action Detection by Consulting Exemplarscited by 21
  19. 2023Weakly-Supervised Temporal Action Localization by Inferring Salient Snippet-Featurecited by 21
  20. 2024T-DEED: Temporal-Discriminability Enhancer Encoder-Decoder for Precise Event Spotting in Sports Videoscited by 21
  21. 2024MMAD: Multi-label Micro-Action Detection in Videoscited by 20
  22. 2021Progressive Attention on Multi-Level Dense Difference Maps for Generic Event Boundary Detectioncited by 19
  23. 2022Re^2TAL: Rewiring Pretrained Video Backbones for Reversible Temporal Action Localizationcited by 19
  24. 2023Multi-modal Prompting for Low-Shot Temporal Action Localizationcited by 19
  25. 2024Test-Time Zero-Shot Temporal Action Localizationcited by 19
  26. 2022Learning to Refactor Action and Co-occurrence Features for Temporal Action Localizationcited by 18
  27. 2024Dual DETRs for Multi-Label Temporal Action Detectioncited by 18
  28. 2024DyFADet: Dynamic Feature Aggregation for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 18
  29. 2021RGB Stream Is Enough for Temporal Action Detectioncited by 16
  30. 2022An Efficient Spatio-Temporal Pyramid Transformer for Action Detectioncited by 16
  31. 2023Adapting Short-Term Transformers for Action Detection in Untrimmed Videoscited by 16
  32. 2024ASTRA: An Action Spotting TRAnsformer for Soccer Videoscited by 16
  33. 2024UniMD: Towards Unifying Moment Retrieval and Temporal Action Detectioncited by 16
  34. 2022Stochastic Backpropagation: A Memory Efficient Strategy for Training Video Modelscited by 14
  35. 2023Temporal Action Localization with Enhanced Instant Discriminabilitycited by 13
  36. 2024TE-TAD: Towards Full End-to-End Temporal Action Detection via Time-Aligned Coordinate Expressioncited by 13
  37. 2022Temporal Perceiver: A General Architecture for Arbitrary Boundary Detectioncited by 12
  38. 2022Distilling Vision-Language Pre-training to Collaborate with Weakly-Supervised Temporal Action Localizationcited by 12

50 most cited of 156 All 156 (JSON)