mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MultiRocket: Multiple pooling operators and transformations for fast and effective time series classification

arXiv 2102.00457 ↗First posted 31 Jan 2021cs.LG stat.MLcited by 89

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose MultiRocket, a fast time series classification (TSC) algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art performance with a tiny fraction of the time and without the complex ensembling structure of many state-of-the-art methods. MultiRocket improves on MiniRocket, one of the fastest TSC algorithms to date, by adding multiple pooling operators and transformations to improve the diversity of the features generated. In addition to processing the raw input series, MultiRocket also applies first order differences to transform the original series. Convolutions are applied to both representations, and four pooling operators are applied to the convolution outputs. When benchmarked using the University of California Riverside TSC benchmark datasets, MultiRocket is significantly more accurate than MiniRocket, and competitive with the best ranked current method in terms of accuracy, HIVE-COTE 2.0, while being orders of magnitude faster.

Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2021.

Builds on

12 of 35 references.

References · 12

  1. 2018Deep learning for time series classification: a reviewcited by 575
  2. 2018The UCR Time Series Archivecited by 421
  3. 2019InceptionTime: Finding AlexNet for Time Series Classificationcited by 386
  4. 2019ROCKET: Exceptionally fast and accurate time series classification using random convolutional kernelscited by 336
  5. 2018The UEA multivariate time series classification archive, 2018cited by 330
  6. 2020MINIROCKET: A Very Fast (Almost) Deterministic Transform for Time Series Classificationcited by 186
  7. 2019catch22: CAnonical Time-series CHaracteristicscited by 103
  8. 2013A Time Series Forest for Classification and Feature Extractioncited by 69
  9. 2019TS-CHIEF: A Scalable and Accurate Forest Algorithm for Time Series Classificationcited by 67
  10. 2020The Canonical Interval Forest (CIF) Classifier for Time Series Classificationcited by 48
  11. 2018Proximity Forest: An effective and scalable distance-based classifier for time seriescited by 46
  12. 2020A tale of two toolkits, report the third: on the usage and performance of HIVE-COTE v1.0cited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 27; 2024: 18; 2025: 11; 2026: 28.

89 papers.

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  1. 2023A Survey on Graph Neural Networks for Time Series: Forecasting, Classification, Imputation, and Anomaly Detectioncited by 145
  2. 2023Bake off redux: a review and experimental evaluation of recent time series classification algorithmscited by 99
  3. 2023Deep Learning for Time Series Classification and Extrinsic Regression: A Current Surveycited by 68
  4. 2022HYDRA: Competing convolutional kernels for fast and accurate time series classificationcited by 53
  5. 2024aeon: a Python toolkit for learning from time seriescited by 46
  6. 2023TimeMAE: Self-Supervised Representations of Time Series with Decoupled Masked Autoencoderscited by 42
  7. 2023An Approach to Multiple Comparison Benchmark Evaluations that is Stable Under Manipulation of the Comparate Setcited by 27
  8. 2022Domain Adaptation for Time-Series Classification to Mitigate Covariate Shiftcited by 24
  9. 2023FormerTime: Hierarchical Multi-Scale Representations for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 21
  10. 2023NuTime: Numerically Multi-Scaled Embedding for Large-Scale Time-Series Pretrainingcited by 20
  11. 2023WEASEL 2.0 -- A Random Dilated Dictionary Transform for Fast, Accurate and Memory Constrained Time Series Classificationcited by 15
  12. 2023QUANT: A Minimalist Interval Method for Time Series Classificationcited by 15
38 more
  1. 2024ShapeFormer: Shapelet Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 14
  2. 2022Benchmarking Online Sequence-to-Sequence and Character-based Handwriting Recognition from IMU-Enhanced Penscited by 13
  3. 2024TSCMamba: Mamba Meets Multi-View Learning for Time Series Classificationcited by 10
  4. 2022ConfLab: A Data Collection Concept, Dataset, and Benchmark for Machine Analysis of Free-Standing Social Interactions in the Wildcited by 9
  5. 2023Unsupervised Feature Based Algorithms for Time Series Extrinsic Regressioncited by 9
  6. 2024Look Into the LITE in Deep Learning for Time Series Classificationcited by 9
  7. 2023Fast, Interpretable, and Deterministic Time Series Classification With a Bag-of-Receptive-Fieldscited by 8
  8. 2023Detach-ROCKET: Sequential feature selection for time series classification with random convolutional kernelscited by 7
  9. 2024QCore: Data-Efficient, On-Device Continual Calibration for Quantized Models -- Extended Versioncited by 7
  10. 2022Rethinking Attention Mechanism in Time Series Classificationcited by 5
  11. 2023Proximity Forest 2.0: A new effective and scalable similarity-based classifier for time seriescited by 5
  12. 2024Improving the Evaluation and Actionability of Explanation Methods for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 5
  13. 2023POCKET: Pruning Random Convolution Kernels for Time Series Classification from a Feature Selection Perspectivecited by 4
  14. 2023Temporal Convolutional Explorer Helps Understand 1D-CNN's Learning Behavior in Time Series Classification from Frequency Domaincited by 4
  15. 2023Finding Foundation Models for Time Series Classification with a PreText Taskcited by 4
  16. 2024LLM-ABBA: Understanding time series via symbolic approximationcited by 4
  17. 2026RocketPFN: Accurate Time Series Classification via In-Context Learningcited by 4
  18. 2023Parameterizing the cost function of Dynamic Time Warping with application to time series classificationcited by 3
  19. 2023An Examination of Wearable Sensors and Video Data Capture for Human Exercise Classificationcited by 3
  20. 2023Automatic Feature Engineering for Time Series Classification: Evaluation and Discussioncited by 3
  21. 2025ShapeX: Shapelet-Driven Post Hoc Explanations for Time Series Classification Modelscited by 3
  22. 2026The Multiverse of Time Series Machine Learning: an Archive for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 3
  23. 2026MambaSL: Exploring Single-Layer Mamba for Time Series Classificationcited by 3
  24. 2023Evaluating Explanation Methods for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 2
  25. 2024Nonlinear time-series embedding by monotone variational inequalitycited by 2
  26. 2024Classification of Raw MEG/EEG Data with Detach-Rocket Ensemble: An Improved ROCKET Algorithm for Multivariate Time Series Analysiscited by 2
  27. 2024AI-driven Java Performance Testing: Balancing Result Quality with Testing Timecited by 2
  28. 2024Time series classification with random convolution kernels: pooling operators and input representations mattercited by 2
  29. 2025Structural Classification of Locally Stationary Time Series Based on Second-order Characteristicscited by 2
  30. 2026A General Framework for Generative Self-supervised Learning in Non-invasive Estimation of Physiological Parameters Using Photoplethysmographycited by 2
  31. 2023Enhancing Multivariate Time Series Classifiers through Self-Attention and Relative Positioning Infusioncited by 1
  32. 2023FedST: Secure Federated Shapelet Transformation for Time Series Classificationcited by 1
  33. 2023Convolutional and Deep Learning based techniques for Time Series Ordinal Classificationcited by 1
  34. 2023FRUITS: Feature Extraction Using Iterated Sums for Time Series Classificationcited by 1
  35. 2024A Systematic Evaluation of Generated Time Series and Their Effects in Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 1
  36. 2024RandomNet: Clustering Time Series Using Untrained Deep Neural Networkscited by 1
  37. 2025A Contrastive Diffusion-based Network (CDNet) for Time Series Classificationcited by 1
  38. 2025DeepFeatIoT: Unifying Deep Learned, Randomized, and LLM Features for Enhanced IoT Time Series Sensor Data Classification in Smart Industriescited by 1

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